Critical evaluation of English and Saudi insurance law: A case for reform

The global significance of English law continues, particularly in Saudi as it is the most frequently chosen insurance policy law. Both jurisdictions provide consumer protections in insurance markets including the Consumer Insurance (Disclosure and) Act and the 2015 Insurance Act and the Insurance Consumer Protection Principles 2014 in Saudi Arabia. This study aims to analyse the current reform impact on the interpretation of these doctrines between the UK and Saudi jurisdictions. In the last few years British insurance law has been significantly reviewed and modified and the most recent amendments, as per the Insurance Act 2015, are of the greatest significance and will be given due consideration within this paper. However, both the rationale for the reforms and the reform process will be reviewed as well as the UK perspective of the increasing rivalries between countries on account of legal business.

Analisis Perilaku Konsumen Asuransi di Medan Sumatera Utara

This research focuses on insurance consumer behavior, the factors that motivate insurance consumer behavior, insurance consumer behavior models, insurance consumer behavior models, insurance perceptions and insurance consumer decision-making processes. The method used in this study is a qualitative research method, namely a study that focuses on case knowledge through revealing accepted facts through interview and observation data. The results of the study obtained are to understand consumers, understand the consumption process, and improve one's personal ability to become an effective consumer. Understanding consumers and how they are consumed provides various uses, namely: helping managers to make decisions, providing researchers with a theoretical basis for researching consumers, helping legislatures and governments to legislate and make laws, and helping consumers to make better decisions. Then about consumers can help us to be able to master about the psychological, sociological, and economic factors that influence human behavior. Keywords: Behavior, Consumer, Insurance

Liability for Incorrect Client Personalization in the Distribution of Consumer Insurance

The use of personalization mechanisms should allow the insurance distributor to reduce exploration costs and adjust the offered insurance product to the needs, features, and situation of each individual client. This study seeks to examine how liability should be allocated when the process of the personalization of an insurance product does not result in the client’s choice of an optimal product. First, we identify the typical uses of new technologies allowing for an adjustment of insurance contracts. Second, we analyze the interplay between their application and the legal obligations of insurance product distributors. Subsequently, the paper discusses the scope of factors the insurance distributor is liable for when using personalizing tools in contacts with clients. We submit that offering an online personalization of insurance products ought to be regarded as being equivalent to providing advice under Art. 2, Sec. 1, Point 15 of the European Union Insurance Distribution Directive (IDD). From the consumer’s perspective, our analysis makes the case for the insurance distributor’s liability for mispersonalization of an insurance contract.

Legal Regulation of Cross-Border Shipping of Dangerous Goods in the Conditions of Digitalization

The author explores the legal aspects of network space risks, when legal imperatives are laid for the transportation and stay of a consignment of dangerous goods on board a ship. It is concluded that it is difficult to choose the law to be applied. In this regard, the material norms that make up the operational risk space can serve as a guide. Their selection is often a precursor to earning assets net operating profit. At the same time, the variety of legal facts with which the acquirer on arrival of property associates his right to file an ownership claim is formulated either in the contract of connection or accession. Therefore, separate prerequisites for the emergence of business and legal risks at the stage of abandoning consumer insurance in favor of its property qualification are highlighted. The paper shows types of encumbrances that accompany the problems of optimizing the costs of insurance against cyber risks. Even if insurance companies find their offer profitable for customers, the basis of the risk of financial loss is still the recovery of lost data. The insurer is forced to dispose of advanced analytical developments, such as, for example, blockchain or smart contracts that are very common today. Policyholders, in turn, use digital distribution and other virtual service models to not only reduce costs to a minimum, but also gain competitive advantages. The author analyzes the norms of the Convention acts on the transboundary shipping of dangerous goods. The International standards of TV and radio communications ISO/IEC 11801 and ISO/IEC 27001 (ISMS — 2018) are studied, and the conclusion is made that the threat to technological resources is identified with a comprehensive legal strategy for owner protection.

Reassessing Accountability and Sophistication of Insured in Insurance Misrepresentation: Lessons and Implications for Taiwan

This paper argues that the “necessity of protection” should be seriously considered when evaluating the effect of misrepresentation, but a substantial criterion or a formal standard with rebuttable and substantial exception is recommended. The weakness of insured is a key characteristic in insurance law. This feature leads to the typical idea that the insured should deserve more protection in insurance contract. However, the necessity of protection may vary in different types of insurance and occasions. Thus, many jurisdictions use consumer or business insurance, sophisticated or unsophisticated insured and similar standard to differentiate the levels of protection for insured. For misrepresentation, one of the most important issue in insurance law, many jurisdictions also use this criterion in designing misrepresentation’s elements and consequences. This paper aims to find justification for this standard theoretically and empirically for Taiwan. The paper starts with the general discussion for distinguishing consumer insurance and business insurance. Then, the focus will be moved on to misrepresentation, especially about the distinction between consumer insurance and business insurance, and its effect on misrepresentation’s elements and consequences. Afterwards, this paper argues the inefficiency of the bright-rule for evaluating the necessity of protection and the distinction between business insurance and consumer insurance. Empirical evidence is also provided to assess the effects of elements in Taiwan. Finally, the study proposes that a substantial criterion or a bright-line rule which can be rebutted by substantial evidence may be a more proper and efficient model.

PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP KONSUMEN JASA ASURANSI DI INDONESIA

ABSTRACT Various legal instruments made to provide protection to consumers, especially consumers of insurance services, include the establishment of BMAI (the Indonesian Insurance Mediation and Arbitration Agency), OJK (Financial Services Authority), as well as those accommodated in the Consumer Protection Law which includes BPKN (National Consumer Protection Agency), LPKS (Non-Government Consumer Protection Institution, and BPSK (Consumer Dispute Settlement Agency), are layered instruments that consumers can use to fortify themselves from fraudulent acts and arbitrarily even ignore consumer rights committed by business actors. However, whether these devices are sufficient enough, in connection with the many complaints from the public against business actors, especially insurance service businesses. Many things affect the phenomenon of society, especially consumers of insurance services who feel that they are still not protected by the layers of legal instruments made, including factors from the consumers themselves, factors of business actors, law enforcement factors, and other supporting factors it should run in an ideal and harmonious manner. Keywords : Consumer Insurance Services, Insurance Business Actors, Consumer Protection