Determinants of acquired disability and recovery from disability in Indian older adults: longitudinal influence of socio-economic and health-related factors

Background There is a higher burden of functional disability for Indian older adults with substantial variations across different geographic regions and socioeconomic groups as compared to other ageing Asian countries. Thus, using a national sample of older adults aged 60+ years, we aim to explore how common is acquiring of disability and recovery from disability among the older population of a developing country like India, and how do the various socioeconomic and health-related conditions impact this transition in disability status. Method The current study uses two waves of the India Human Development Survey (IHDS) and is based on panel data of 10,527 older adults. Both bivariate and multiple variable regression analysis were performed using two binary outcome variables in this study – whether older adults acquired disability and recovered from disability between round-I and round-II, respectively. Results Nearly 31.5% and 4.4 % of older adults have acquired and recovered disability across the two rounds respectively. About 38.5% and 45.8 % of female older adults’ disability status changes to disable and recovered in round-II respectively. A lesser proportion of older adults have recovered from a disability who have a chronic disease in round-I. Cataract chronic conditions among older adults in round-I had shown 1.45 times (CI: 1.07–1.97) a significantly higher likelihood of acquiring disability in round-I. Older adults who were unmarried and were not working in round-I have 1.12 times (CI: 1.01–1.25) and 1.21 times (CI: 1.06–1.39) higher likelihood of acquiring disability in round-II respectively. Recovering from disability was mostly seen among older adults who belong to the richest (OR: 2.38, CI: 1.31–4.33) and medium (OR: 2.16, CI: 1.27–3.69) wealth quintile households. Older adults residing in the central region of India have 2.72 times (CI: 2.31–3.19) significantly higher chance of acquiring disability than those who were residing in northern regions. Conclusion Appropriate measures are required to highlight the importance of chronic physical diseases and several socio-demographic factors that may negatively affect the trajectory of disability in older ages.

Changes in the Prevalence of Disability among Older Adults in India: Longitudinal Influence of Socio-economic and Health-related Factors

Background: While experiencing a double burden of both communicable and non-communicable diseases, three-fourth of the Indian population aged 50 and above are suffering from some form of disability. Existing studies on physical limitations highlight the determinants of late-life disabilities, however, limited evidence has shown how the socio-economic and health-related factors influence the elderly recovering or acquiring disability status in the Indian context. Method: The current study uses two waves of the India Human Development Survey (IHDS) and is based on panel data of 10527 older adults. Both bivariate and multiple variable regression analysis were performed using two binary outcome variables in this study – whether older adults acquired disability and recovered from disability between round-I and round-II, respectively.Results: Nearly 31.5% and 4.4% of older adults have acquired and recovered disability across the two rounds respectively. 38.5% and 45.8% of female older adults’ disability status changes to disable and recovered in round 2 respectively. A lesser proportion of older adults have recovered from a disability who have a chronic disease in round 1. Cataract chronic conditions among older adults in round 1 had shown 1.45 times (CI: 1.07-1.97) a significantly higher likelihood of acquiring disability in round 2. Older adults who were unmarried and were not working in round 1 have 1.12 times (CI: 1.01-1.25) and 1.21 times (CI: 1.06-1.39) a higher likelihood of acquiring disability in round 2 respectively. Recovering from disability was mostly seen among older adults who belong to the richest (OR: 2.38, CI: 1.31-4.33) and medium (OR: 2.16, CI: 1.27-3.69) wealth quintile households. Older adults residing in the central region of India have 2.72 times (CI: 2.31-3.19) significantly higher chance of acquiring disability than those who were residing in northern regions.Conclusion: Appropriate measures are required to highlight the importance of chronic physical diseases and several socio-demographic factors that may negatively affect the trajectory of disability in older ages.

Electricity Usage Efficiency and Electricity Demand Modeling in the Case of Germany and the UK

In this article, monthly and yearly electricity consumption predictions for the German power market were calculated using the multiple variable regression model. This model accounts for several factors that are often neglected when forecasting electricity demand in practice, in particular the role of the higher efficiency of electricity usage from year to year. The analysis performed in this paper helps to explain why no growth in power consumption has been observed in Germany during the last decade. It shows that the electricity efficiency usage dataset is a relevant input for the model, which mitigates the combined impact of other factors on the final electricity consumption. The electricity demand forecasting model presented in this article was built in the year 2013 with forecasts for the future years’ electricity demand in Germany provided until 2020. These forecasts and related findings are also evaluated in this article.

Does the frequency of routine follow-up after curative treatment for head-and-neck cancer affect survival?

Background: Routine follow-up is a cornerstone of oncology practice but evidence is lacking to support most aspects. Our Objective was to investigate the relationship between frequency of routine follow-up and survival.Methods: A population-based study using electronic health-care data based on 5310 patients from Ontario diagnosed with squamous cell head and neck cancer between 2007 and 2012. Treatments included surgery (24.6%), radiotherapy +/- chemotherapy (52.4%) and combined surgery and radiotherapy (23%). We determined the follow-up oncologist for each patient, calculated the average follow-up visits over 2.5 years for all the patients of each oncologist and compared by treatment the overall survival of the patients for the high, medium and low follow-up oncologist groups using Kaplan Meier and multiple variable regression analysis. Results: Many oncologists saw patients 40 to 80% more often than others. There was no relationship between appointment frequency and survival for patients for any treatment group.Conclusion: The practice of routine follow-up varies and is costly to both a health care system and to patients. Without evidence on the effectiveness of our current policies further research is required to investigate new or optimal practices.

Correlation between Swelling Pressure and Free Swell of Greater Cairo City Expansive Soils – A Case Study

The aim of this research is to investigate experimentally the relationship between free swell, plasticity index of expansive soil found in greater Cairo City Suburbs, Egypt with swelling pressure of mentioned soil. Predicting Swelling Pressure of any soil is a time consuming and expensive test in comparison to determining plasticity index and free swell which are simple, fast and economic tests. In present research six samples of expansive soil were collected from different locations of study area. The method uses single variable and multiple variable regression analysis using Microsoft excel software.

Fever increases heart rate and respiratory rate; a prospective observational study of acutely admitted medical patients

Background: The relationship between increase in body temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate has only been studied in young, healthy subjects. Aim: To show the changes in heart and respiratory rate associated with fever in acutely admitted medical patients. Design: A prospective observational cohort study Methods: Vital parameters from 4,493 patients were retrospectively extracted. Linear and multiple variable regression analysis was used to calculate the change in heart and temperature rate for every degree rise in temperature (i.e. ΔHR/°C and ΔRR/°C) in the entire study group and in those with low (<36.1°C), normal (36.1-38°C) and high (>38°C) body temperatures. Results: The ΔHR/°C and ΔRR/°C was 7.2±0.4 beats per minute (bpm) and 1.4 ±0.1 (1.2 to 1.62) breaths per minute (bpm). Adjusting for age, oxygen saturation and mean blood pressure, the results were 6.4±0.4 (5.7 to 7.1) bpm and 1.2±0.1 (1.0 to 1.4) bpm. In low, normal and high body temperature the ΔHR/°C were 2.7±1.9, 6.9±1.9 and 7.4±0.9 bpm, respectively; for ΔRR/°C the values were -0.5±0.5, 1.5±0.5 and 2.3±0.3 bpm, respectively. Conclusions: We only found a modest association between fever and changes in heart rate and respiratory rate.

Socio-Economic Status and MultiOriginal morbidity – Fact or Fiction?

Background: Areas of low socio-economic status (SES) have a disproportionate number of emergency medical admissions; we quantitate the profile of multi-morbidity related to SES. Methods: We developed a logistic multiple variable regression model, based on over 15 years of hospital data, to examine the effect of socio-demography on hospital outcomes. Results: Admissions from low SES cohort were a decade younger, and had a shorter hospital stay, and lower 30-day episode mortality outcome. The number of morbidities was equivalent between groups, but the more disadvantaged were more likely to have a respiratory diagnosis or diabetes. Conclusion: Low SES emergency admissions present > 10 yr. earlier than the high SES population; their equivalent multimorbidity, despite a lower age, could reflect accelerated disease progression.

Current State and Prospects of Russian Outbound Tourism

The main aim of this paper is to analyze the Russian outbound tourism flow: problems of Russian tourist market, causes and consequences of repeated crisises. According to key findings, Russian tourist market is influenced by several factors. Developed equation of multiple variable regression model indicates that the main factors are wage of Russian’s converted in Euro and gross domestic product per capita. Regression model has great quality parameters and may be used to predict future condition of Russian outbound tourism. Russian Government makes all efforts to reorient own population to domestic tourism cutting off access to the rich world heritage. The decline in real incomes, the lack of regulation of tourist activities, the shortcomings of legislation, the lack of responsibility to customers are led to the decreasing of Russian outbound and domestic tourisms.

Application of Double Variable Regression to Determine SNPs that Affect High School / Academic Achievement

The evaluation step in school accreditation process includes eight components of national education standard (SNP). The result of accreditation from the evaluation is believed to explicate the academic achievement of student, in this case is National Examination (UN). Thus, it is necessary to further observe the relation between the accreditation results and the score of national examination. One of the analysis that can be used is regression analysis, it is used to observe the relation between the accreditation result and the sroce of national examination also to identify the SNP components that affect the national examination score. However, since the study was conducted at senior high school level where the national examination score for this level covers six subjects, the analysis used is no longer a simple regression but a multiple variable regression. It is because of the relationship between the score of the national examination that characterizes an academic achievement. The application result of multiple variable regression method shows that there is a relation between SNP and national examination score.