Biocoagulation Efficiency of Corchorus olitorius L. (Jute) Seed Powder in Water Purification

The research is aimed at exploring the potential of using Corchorus olitorius (Jute) seed extracts as natural coagulant for turbidity removal from water. Laboratory scale studies using jar test experiments were performed on medium turbid water to study the influence of various process parameters such as Coagulant dosage, p H, Turbidity, Colour, Hardness, Alkalinity and Bacterial count and the optimum condition for maximum Turbidity removal was identified. Results obtained showed that at 75mg/L optimal removal of turbidity was achieved. Jute seed extract was also able to maintain the p H of treated water at 7.02 with the 75mg/L dosage. However, the reduction in turbidity was below the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended value of 5NTU. The best colour removal was also not up to the WHO’s recommended value of 40TCU. The chemical analysis result showed that Jute seed powder contained 20.90% protein. When jute was used in combination with Moringa oleifera there was significant reduction in turbidity and bacterial count. At 20% jute and 80% Moringa oleifera, best colour removal, turbidity and bacterial count were obtained. Key words-Biocoagulation, Corchorus olitorius, Bacterial count, Jar test

UJI KARAKTERISTIK 4 JENIS RAMBUTAN LOKAL (Nephelium sp.)

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to determine and compare the Morphological, Physical, Storage, and Chemical Characteristics of 4 types of Local Rambutan (Nephelium Sp.). Fruit characteristic test is carried out on Morphology, Physical Properties, Storing Power, and Chemical Content of Rambutan fruit which refers to Descriptor of Rambutan (IPGRI, 2003). This study uses one-way Anova Analysis which is then tested further by BNJ at a 5% level for the Chemical Content Test of fruit. Followed by Klastering Test using MVSP 32 Program with Spearman Coefficient analysis. Morphological observations of fruit quantitatively and qualitatively that is Pulasan has the character of weight, length, diameter, skin weight, aryl weight, and weight of fruit seeds is greater than other types. Lulu has a uniform fruit skin color that is dark red, Sipadeh (N2) also has a uniform color that is yellow / cream. Sipadeh (N1) and Pulasan have a sweeter taste and easier idleness (chipped). This is different from Lulu and Sipadeh (N2), where both types have a sour taste and are difficult to crack (peel) from the seeds. In the chemical test, Sipadeh (N2) and Lulu have a high content of Vitamin C and total titrated acid. Whereas Pulasan and Sipadeh (N1) which have high Dissolved Solid Total Value. The results of the morphological cluster analysis of the fruit produced a dendrogram with a phenolic similarity of -50% to 100%. The results of the cluster chemical analysis result in a dendrogram with Kf -80% to 70%. Keyword: Characteristics, Local Rambutan (Nephelium Sp.)

Subsurface S-type Granitoid Identification Based on Gravity and Seismic Tomography Models in Pacitan, East Java

ABSTRACT Granitoid outcrop has been observed in Montongan, Tulakan Subdistrict, Pacitan District, East Java. Geochemically, granitoid shows peralluminous S-type granitoid which consists of comparable plagioclase and potassium feldspar leading to adamelite and granodiorite variety with andalusite, fine size corundum and cordierite inside. These modal minerals are consistent with its bulk chemical analysis result that shows alumina rich rock. Highly weathered spotted pinkish soil with remaining quartz gravels characterizes its surface. Lateritic pink soil up to more than 25 meters thick covers the granitoid body and this feature is indicative to locate its surface distribution, while its subsurface distribution is remain uncertain. The research aimed to identify granitoid subsurface distribution. To identify the subsurface body, gravity and seismic tomography models were used. According gravity model, the pluton body is 5 km wide which is rootless downward and seems extends eastward. Meanwhile, the north-south seismic tomographic model across Pacitan Region indicates dense solid body override the recent Java subduction zone. The body is assumed to have correlation with surface granitic rock. It supports an idea that there is a micro continent trapped beneath Southern Mountain of East Java. ABSTRAK Singkapan granitoid telah teramati di daerah Montongan, Kecamatan Tulakan, Kabupaten Pacitan, Jawa Timur. Secara geokimia, granitoid Pacitan memperlihatkan granitoid peralumina tipe-S yang tersusun berdasarkan perbandingan plagioklas dan kalium felspar menunjuk pada varian adamelit dan granodiorit dengan andalusit, korundum halus dan kordierit di dalamnya. Mineral modal tersebut konsisten dengan hasil analisis kimia total yang menunjukkan batuan kaya alumina. Tanah berwarna merah muda yang sangat lapuk dengan kerikil sisa kuarsa menjadi ciri khas di permukaannya. Tanah laterit merah muda yang tebalnya lebih dari 25 meter menutupi tubuh granitoid tersebut dan menjadi petunjuk penyebaranya di permukaan, namun penyebaran di bawah permukaannya masih belum pasti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penyebaran granitoid di bawah permukaan. Untuk mengidentifikasi tubuh bawah permukaannya, digunakan pemodelan gravitasi dan tomografi seismik. Menurut model gravitasi tubuh pluton mempunyai lebar 5 km dan tampak memanjang ke arah timur yang tidak menentu ke bawahnya. Sementara itu, model tomografi seismik utara-selatan yang memotong wilayah Pacitan, menunjukkan suatu tubuh padat keras berada di atas zona subduksi Jawa saat ini. Tubuh tersebut diasumsikan memiliki hubungan dengan batuan granitik di permukaan. Hal tersebut mendukung ide bahwa terdapat mikro-kontinen terperangkap di bawah Pegunungan Selatan Jawa Timur.

Chemical and Fresh State Properties of Foamed Concrete Incorporating Palm Oil Fuel Ash and Eggshell Ash as Cement Replacement

Malaysia faces three major environmental problems, out of which solid waste and management is one of them. Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) and eggshells are two agro-food waste materials which are produced in enormous quantities in Malaysia. Due to the characteristics possessed by eggshells and POFA, these waste materials can potentially be utilized in the production as cement replacement, reducing the use of cement which is one of the major production of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) gas emissions. This study was conducted to determine the chemical and fresh state properties of foamed concrete incorporating POFA and eggshell ash (ESA) as cement replacement. Based upon the results, it was observed that the increase in usage amount of POFA and ESA as cement replacement, the workability of foamed concrete reduced without blocking. For the chemical analysis result shows the POFA which had high amount of silicon dioxide and ESA having large amount of calcium oxide were compatible and could be used together as cement replacement. The use of ESA and POFA as cement replacement to reduce the cement consumption with various percentage of ESA (0% - 15%) and POFA (20% - 35%) in 1800 kg/m3 density of foamed concrete.

KAJIAN KARAKTERISTIK SENSORIS, FISIK, DAN KIMIA FRUIT LEATHER ISANG TANDUK (Musa corniculata Lour.) DENGAN PENAMBAHAN BERBAGAI KONSENTRASI GUM ARAB

<p>Fruit leather is one of the processed fruit products, shaped similar to thin sheets with specific consistency and flavor. One of the suitable fruits that can be processed to fruit leather was horn plantain (Musa corniculata Lour.). The aim of this research was to determine the effect of the addition of gum arabic on sensory<br />and physical, and chemical characteristics of horn plantain fruit leather and most acceptable gum arabic concentration addition for consumer. The analysis method used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with single factor of the addition of gum arabic. Concentration addition of gum arabic in horn plantain fruit leather<br />was 0,3%; 0,6%; and 0,9%. Based on the analysis result according to the sensory analysis using hedonic test, the addition of gum arabic to the horn plantain fruit leather resulted a significant effect on the parameters of color, texture, and overall, whereas the addition of gum arabic to the horn plantain fruit leather did not have a significant effect on the parameters of scent and flavor. The physical and chemical analysis result of the horn plantain fruit leather with gum arabic addition had significant effect on water content (12,696% -13,775% (wb)) and dietary fiber (2,7563% - 5,0825% (db)), and had no significant effect on ash content (2,875% - 2,896% (db)), water activity (Aw) (0,54 - 0,56), and tensile strength (4,8449 N - 5,8125 N). The recommended gum arabic addition to the horn plaintain fruit leather was 0,6%.<br />Keywords: arabic gum, fruit leather, horn plantain</p>