Biocoagulation Efficiency of Corchorus olitorius L. (Jute) Seed Powder in Water Purification

2021 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 37-48
Author(s):  
Sabo Bala ◽  
Donatus B. Adie
Keyword(s):  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
World Health ◽  
Corchorus Olitorius ◽  
Colour Removal ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Coagulant Dosage ◽  
Chemical Analysis Result ◽  
Health Organization

The research is aimed at exploring the potential of using Corchorus olitorius (Jute) seed extracts as natural coagulant for turbidity removal from water. Laboratory scale studies using jar test experiments were performed on medium turbid water to study the influence of various process parameters such as Coagulant dosage, p H, Turbidity, Colour, Hardness, Alkalinity and Bacterial count and the optimum condition for maximum Turbidity removal was identified. Results obtained showed that at 75mg/L optimal removal of turbidity was achieved. Jute seed extract was also able to maintain the p H of treated water at 7.02 with the 75mg/L dosage. However, the reduction in turbidity was below the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended value of 5NTU. The best colour removal was also not up to the WHO’s recommended value of 40TCU. The chemical analysis result showed that Jute seed powder contained 20.90% protein. When jute was used in combination with Moringa oleifera there was significant reduction in turbidity and bacterial count. At 20% jute and 80% Moringa oleifera, best colour removal, turbidity and bacterial count were obtained. Key words-Biocoagulation, Corchorus olitorius, Bacterial count, Jar test

scholarly journals Assessment of Microbial Load in Water and Sediments of Rivers Otamiri and Nworie in Owerri, South Eastern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-39
Author(s):  
Okere J. Kelechi ◽  
Azorji J. Nnawuike ◽  
Iheagwam S. Kelechi ◽  
Emeka J. Emmanuel ◽  
Nzenwa P. Odinaka
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Waste Dumps ◽  
Health Organization

Water pollution is a global problem. The study was carried out to assess the microbial constituents in water and sediment of Rivers Otamiri and Nworie during dry and rainy seasons (March and September, 2020) with comparison to WHO benchmark for drinking water .Samples were randomly collected at six (6) sampling points and analyzed using routine microbiological protocols.  The results revealed detectable amount of microbial activates in surface water of both rivers during the dry and rainy season. During the rainy season, a THB bioload average of 2.02x104 and 5.1x104CFU/mL for Nworie and Otamiri river respectively were measured. For the TCC, the average was 9.8x103 and 2.5x104 CFU/mL, while in the dry period there was corresponding reduction in the bioload value for both rivers. THB average value for Nworie river was 1.34x104 CFU/mL, with corresponding 3.5x104 values for Otamiri river, while in same inclination, TCC measured 6.1x103 and 1.8x104 CFU/mL. There were noteworthy variations in the values for the two rivers as well as in the two seasons. TBC value for Otamiri measured about 1.5 folds than the value for Nworie. In same trend, TCC value for Nworie measured about 39%. All values measured were above WHO permissible limit for drinking water. The biochemical and cultural features of the isolated microorganism in water showed the presence of E. coli identified in the entire stations (100%), Salmonella and faecal coliform occurred 83.3% each, while Vibrio and Shigella were detected in 4 of the 6 stations. The mean total bacterial count, total coliform count and total E. coli, were not in conformity with World Health Organization (WHO) Standard for drinking water and thus constitute a threat to the River; these were attributed to indiscriminate waste dumps around the rivers. The study underscores the need for adequate waste management system to forestall outbreak of pathogenic diseases in the area.

scholarly journals Effect of Moringa oleifera as Water Coagulant on the Physico-chemical Properties of Gulbi-water

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
N. S. Donaldben ◽  
E. I. Chukwuma ◽  
A. L. Chinwende
Keyword(s):  
Water Sample ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
World Health ◽  
Polyaluminum Chloride ◽  
Quality Guidelines ◽  
Borehole Water ◽  
Health Organization

Availability of clean water is a serious problem, especially in developing countries like Nigeria; Water for consumption purpose needs to be treated to meet the quality guidelines of 5 Nephelometric Turbidity Unit (NTU) according to World Health Organization, Wastewater treatment are mostly using Polyaluminum Chloride, a synthetic coagulant, which possess health risk and require expensive cost. This research was carried out to observe the effect of Moringa oleifera seed as natural coagulant to replace synthetic coagulant. Highly turbid water was collected from Gulbi River in Kaura-namoda, Zamfara State. Nigeria. M. oleifera seed was processed into flour and de-fated with different organic solvent. (AOY = Normal borehole water, BOY = Raw water sample from the river, COY = Water treated with (de-fated M. oleifera flour with Chloroform.), DOY = Water sample with (de-fated M. Oleifera flour with acetone), EOY = Water sample with (de-fated M. Oleifera flour with diethyl ether.), FOY = Water sample with Alum, GOY = Water sample with unde-fated M. oleifera flour) and used as a coagulant in place of aluminium sulphate (Alum). Collected water samples were treated with different Moringa oleifera flour coagulants samples The water treated with different coagulants samples were analyzed based on physic-chemical properties. The pH values ranged from 5.6 to 6.7. The turbidity, conductivity, total solid, temperature and coliform ranged from 4.19 to 76.5 NTU, 94.0 to 188.4 μS/cm, 45.5 to 89.3 mg/l, 30.4 to 33.8ºC and 9 × 402cfu, respectively. The work has been considered as revolutionary for small household applications in rural areas, where water purification is absent and M. oleifera trees are abundantly available.

Treatment of Wastewater by Coagulation Using Phytochemical

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 2357-2360
Author(s):  
Preeyaporn Buaban ◽  
Anurak Petiraksakul ◽  
Sakoraphob Banlengchit
Keyword(s):  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Oily Wastewater ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Kaolin Suspension ◽  
Extract Solution ◽  
Optimum Dosage ◽  
Aluminium Sulfate ◽  
Jar Test

The objective of this study is to compare organic and inorganic coagulants in coagulation-flocculation and sedimentation, using a jar test apparatus. Six types of coagulants, namely extract solution of moringa oleifera seed with distillation water (Moringa-H), extract solution of moringa oleifera with sodium chloride (Moringa-N), Micro-nice®bio separator A from Technogreen Limited, aluminium sulfate (alum), ferric chloride (FeCl3) and polyaluminium chloride (PAC) were investigated using three types of synthetic wastewater, kaolin suspension, soymilk solution and oily wastewater for determination of the optimum dosage and coagulation mechanism. The results indicated that PAC was able to remove turbidity of 90-94%, pH in the range of 6-7 in the kaolin suspension concentration range of 20-100 mg/L, while the Moringa-H showed turbidity removal of 66-91% which was better than Moringa-N and dry sediment using Micro-Nice®gave minimum sludge. The Micro-Nice®also showed high turbidity removal in colloid and oily wastewater. The optimum dosage of Micro-Nice®was in the range of 80-120 mg/L for colloid removal of 89-96% and COD removal of 37-73% at the colloid concentration range of 100-1000 mg/L, while 10 g/L oily wastewater showed that the optimum dosage of Micro-Nice®was 200 mg/L for turbidity removal of 99%, COD removal of 73% and oil removal of 97%.

The Potential of Different Saline Solution on the Extraction of the Moringa oleifera Seed's Active Component for Water Treatment

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grasiele Scaramal Madrona ◽  
Rosangela Bergamasco ◽  
Vanessa Jurca Seolin ◽  
Marcia R. Fagundes Klen
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Active Component ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Lam

The main objective of the present work is to study the efficiency in terms of removing color and turbidity of raw water in order to obtain drinking water. For this purpose, different coagulant solutions were obtained utilizing different salts, NaCl, KCl and MgCl2, in concentration 1M, distilled water combined with the Moringa oleifera Lam seed. Each coagulant solution obtained was studied with concentrations ranging from 25 to 300 mg/L of Moringa in salt solution. The tests were performed in the “Jar Test,” and the efficiency of the process was assessed in terms of color and turbidity. The results show no difference in the coagulation for extracts using the salts KCl, NaCl and MgCl2 1 Molar. The best results were found employing the coagulant solutions extracted with salt, in various concentration ranges (125 to 300 mg/L); as the concentration of protein in solution becomes higher, the greater is its power as a coagulant. The lowest content of protein was found in the solution extracted with water, which consequently had the lowest values of color and turbidity removal. Finally, the results obtained by the present work show that the seed of Moringa oleifera Lam is a great alternative for use as a coagulant in drinking water treatment systems.

scholarly journals Estudios farmacognósticos y toxicológicos preliminares de hojas, tallo y raíz de moringa (moringa oleifera Lam.) // Preliminary pharmacognostic and toxicological studies of leaves, stem and Moringa root (Moringa oleifera Lam.)

Ciencia Unemi ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 60-68
Author(s):  
Nelly Guaycha Pérez ◽  
Carmita Jaramillo Jaramillo ◽  
Silvana Cuenca Buele ◽  
Jefferson Tocto León ◽  
Ingrid Márquez Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Chemical Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Residual Moisture ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
The One ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Oral Acute Toxicity ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Lam

Moringa oleifera Lam. es una planta con propiedades nutritivas y farmacológicas, que podría convertirse en una alternativa nutricional para el ser humano y método para la prevención de enfermedades. En Ecuador existe poca información acerca de sus parámetros de calidad, composición química y toxicidad, desconociéndose el índice de seguridad para su consumo. Se realizaron estudios farmacognósticos y toxicológicos preliminares del tallo, raíz y hojas de esta planta, cultivada en Machala, Ecuador. Se determinaron los porcentajes de humedad residual y cenizas para el tallo (8,38%; 6,68%), raíz (9,74 %; 8,34 %) y hojas (12,63%; 9,76%). Se calcularon las sustancias solubles en etanol al 30%, 50% y 70%. Todo según metodología establecida por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Se realizó un estudio químico preliminar a través de tamizaje fitoquímico siguiendo la metodología recomendada en la literatura y llevó a cabo el ensayo de toxicidad aguda por vía oral en ratas wistar, mediante el método clases tóxicas agudas de la Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Nº423, con la dosis límite de 2000 mg/kg. Los estudios farmacognósticos estuvieron en concordancia con lo establecido en la literatura y el de sustancias solubles permitió seleccionar el etanol al 30% como mejor disolvente extractivo. Este extracto hidroalcohólico con Moringa oleifera Lam., a dosis límite, no produjo mortalidad  ni indicadores de toxicidad. Moringa Oleifera Lam. is a plant with nutritional and pharmacological properties, which could become a nutritional alternative for humans and a method for disease prevention. In Ecuador there is little information about its parameters of quality, chemical composition and toxicity, without knowing the safety index for its consumption. Preliminary pharmacognostic and toxicological studies of stem, root and leaves of this plant, cultivated in Machala, Ecuador, were carried out. The percentages of residual moisture and ashes for the stem (8.38%, 6.68%), root (9.74%, 8.34%) and leaves (12.63%, 9.76%) were determined. Soluble substances in ethanol were calculated at 30%, 50% and 70%. All according to methodology established by the World Health Organization. A preliminary chemical study was carried out through phytochemical screening following the methodology recommended in the literature and carried out the oral acute toxicity test in wistar rats using the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) No. 423, with the limit dose of 2000 mg / kg. The pharmacognostic studies were in agreement with that established in the literature and the one of soluble substances allowed to select the ethanol to 30% like the best extractive solvent. This hydroalcoholic extract with Moringa Oleifera Lam., at a limit dose did not produce mortality nor toxicity indicators.

Textile Wastewater Treatment Using Sodom Apple (Calotropis procera) - Aided Tamarind Seed as a Coagulant

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 76-85
Author(s):  
Saidat Olanipekun Giwa ◽  
Danladi Yakubu Said ◽  
Mustapha Danladi Ibrahim ◽  
Abdulwahab Giwa
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Colour Removal ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Tamarind Seed ◽  
Coagulant Dosage ◽  
Sodom Apple ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid

Water contamination seems unavoidable as many human activities involve the use of water in one way or the other. Chemical coagulants, especially aluminium based, which are widely used in treatment of wastewater or contaminated water have been associated with some health issues. Research on the use of plant based coagulants in water treatment now draws a lot of attentions, not only because the natural coagulants are presumed safe but also because of their biodegradable nature. In this present study, efforts have been made to evaluate the effectiveness of locally available tamarind seed powder as natural coagulant and Sodom apple (Calotropis procera) as coagulant aid for the treatment of textile wastewater. The tests were carried out using the conventional jar test apparatus at various pH and coagulant dosage with no aid added. Also, three sets of jar test experiments were performed at constant values of coagulant dosage and pH (which were found to be favourable in the first experiments) by varying the dosage of liquid and solid coagulant aid as well as time. The results obtained show that pH slightly affected the pollutants removal efficiency of the unaided coagulation. The neutral pH was found to be favourable with turbidity and colour removal of 22.25% and 30.36% respectively. The optimum mixing time of turbidity removal efficiency was found to be 2 min with rapid mixing of 30 seconds and 1½ min of slow mixing with turbidity and colour removal of 69.48% and 60.53% respectively. The optimum dosage was found to be 4.0 g of coagulant and 1.0 g of coagulant aid for turbidity, total dissolved solid and colour removal efficiency.

scholarly journals The effect of Moringa oleifera capsule in increasing breastmilk volume in early postpartum patients: A double-blind, randomized controlled trial

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0248950
Author(s):  
Siraphat Fungtammasan ◽  
Vorapong Phupong
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
World Health ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Clinical Trial Registration ◽  
Early Postpartum ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Leaves ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Postpartum Mothers

Moringa oleifera is an herbal galactagogue that has been used to increase the volume of breastmilk. Few studies have evaluated the effect of Moringa oleifera in breastfeeding. There are conflicting data whether it can increase the volume of breastmilk or not. Thus, the objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of Moringa oleifera leaves in increasing the volume of breastmilk in early postpartum mothers. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial will be conducted. The outcomes of this study will provide the data of Moringa oleifera as an herbal medication to increase the volume of breastmilk. This information will be used to increase the rate of exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months as recommended by the World Health Organization. Clinical trial registration This clinical trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (Clinical trials registration: NCT04487613).

scholarly journals Assessment of Moringa oleifera Seeds as a Natural Coagulant in Treating Low Turbid Water

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taiwo O. Olabanji ◽  
Ochuko M. Ojo ◽  
Charles G. Williams ◽  
Abiodun S. Adewuyi
Keyword(s):  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
World Health ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Turbid Water ◽  
Natural Coagulant ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Household Water ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Water Treatments

This research examined the coagulating potential of Moringa oleifera seeds in treating low turbid water. The active ingredient of the seeds was extracted using Soxhlet Apparatus with hexane as the solvent, after which the coagulant was dosed from 0.03g/L to 0.4g/L and used to treat a water sample with a low Turbidity of 18.4NTU, yielding an optimum value of 4.90NTU, an optimum dose of 0.03g/L and a turbidity reduction of 100% when compared with the World Health Organization (WHO) standard which is 5NTU. The study affirms Moringa oleifera as an effective natural coagulant in low turbid water treatment and it is recommended for household water treatments. Keywords— Hexane, Low turbid water, Moringa oleifera, Natural coagulant, Soxhlet apparatus

Performance of Natural Coagulants on Greywater Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-92
Author(s):  
D. Chitra ◽  
L. Muruganandam
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Coagulation And Flocculation ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Coagulant Dosage ◽  
Significant Performance ◽  
Natural Coagulants

Background: Reusing waste water by appropriate treatment is an effective method for substantiating the ever increasing water demand for construction, irrigation, domestic and industrial purposes. The greywater is the domestic waste water that does not contain the toilet effluent and it is converted and used for non-potable purpose through coagulation and flocculation by using natural coagulant. Objective: The main objective of this work is to evaluate the coagulating efficiencies of various natural coagulants on synthetic greywater by varying pH, mixing speed, mixing time and coagulant dosage. Methods: Powdered coagulants obtained from tamarind seeds, moringa oleifera, banana peels and fly ash were compared with conventional commercial coagulants like alum for synthetic and real greywater. Results: The natural coagulants have shown significant performance compared to chemicals like alum. Conclusion: The turbidity removal efficiency for tamarind seeds, moringa oleifera, banana peels and fly ash were found to be 61.33%, 85.75%, 90.42%, 94.27% against 96.49% obtained from alum on treating with synthetic grey water under identical conditions.

scholarly journals Potential of Hibiscus Sabdariffa and Jatropha Curcas as Natural Coagulants in the Treatment of Pharmaceutical Wastewater

2018 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 01009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheena Sibartie ◽  
Nurhazwani Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pharmaceutical Wastewater ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Safe Alternative ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Coagulant Dosage ◽  
Natural Coagulants ◽  
High Turbidity ◽  
Maximum Turbidity

Pharmaceutical wastewater is one of the most difficult wastewater to treat due to the presence of pharmaceutical compounds resulting in high concentration of organic matter, high turbidity and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). Chemical-based coagulation is a common method used to treat wastewater. However, the issue that has been raised with the use of chemical coagulants is their presence in water after treatment that can cause risks to the human health such as Alzheimer and cancer. Natural coagulants can be used as a safe alternative to these chemicals instead. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to study the effect of H. Sabdariffa and J. Curcas as natural coagulants, separately and as a combination, on the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater. Jar test experiment were carried out where beakers of 0.5L wastewater were mixed with the coagulants. The pH of the wastewater was varied from 2 to 12 while the coagulant dosage was varied from 40 to 200 mg/L. It was found that H. Sabdariffa works best at pH 4 and at a coagulant dosage of 190 mg/L with a highest turbidity removal of 35.8% and a decrease of COD by 29%. J. Curcas was found to perform best at pH 3 and with a coagulant dosage of 200 mg/L with a highest turbidity removal of 51% and a decrease of COD by 32%. When J. Curcas and H. Sabdariffa were used in combination, the optimum composition was found to be 80% J. Curcas and 20% H. Sabdariffa by weight with a maximum turbidity removal of 46.8% and a decrease in COD by 46%. In comparison between the two natural coagulants, J. Curcas is found to be a better and more suited coagulative agent for the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater. The same experiment was carried with alum at pH 6 and coagulant dosage of 750 mg/L and a turbidity removal of 48% and a decrease in COD by 38% were recorded. In comparison with alum, J. Curcas was a better coagulant in treating the pharmaceutical wastewater. This shows that natural coagulants can be used to replace chemical coagulants in the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater.

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