Enhancing the Data Reliability of Multilevel Storage in Phase Change Memory with 2T2R Cell Structure

Multilevel storage and the continuing scaling down of technology have significantly improved the storage density of phase change memory, but have also brought about a challenge, in that data reliability can degrade due to the resistance drift. To ensure data reliability, many read and write operation technologies have been proposed. However, they only mitigate the influence on data through read and write operations after resistance drift occurs. In this paper, we consider the working principle of multilevel storage for PCM and present a novel 2T2R structure circuit to increase the storage density and reduce the influence of resistance drift fundamentally. To realize 3-bit per cell storage, a wide range of resistances were selected as different states of phase change memory. Then, we proposed a 4:3 compressing encoding scheme to transform the output data into binary data states. Therefore, the designed 2T2R was proven to have optimized storage density and data reliability by monitoring the conductance distribution at four time points (1 ms, 1 s, 6 h, 12 h) in 4000 devices. Simulation results showed that the resistance drift of our proposed 2T2R structure can significantly improve the storage density of multilevel storage and increase the data reliability of phase change memory.

Multilevel oxygen-vacancy conductive filaments in β-Ga2O3 based resistive random access memory

In this study, at least three kinds of VOs and conductive filaments with low resistance states and forming and set voltages are found for β-Ga2O3 memory. This suggests the great potential of β-Ga2O3 memory for multilevel storage application.

Automation Forklift System untuk Penyimpanan Produk pada Gudang Berbasis Labview

One of the functions of the warehouse is to store finished products. Stored products will be grouped based on the same type of material or goods, with boxes that have been marked in color or other codes in accordance with the specified classification. In the warehousing system, vertical storage helps in maximizing the use of warehouse areas. Storage of goods that are still manual with the aid of a forklift also has a high risk of damage due to work equipment accidents. The application of automation technology to the warehousing system is needed because it allows the storage and retrieval of products to run more easily and regularly than done manually. This study aims to create an automatic multilevel storage system as a solution to improve work safety and facilitate workers in storing finished products. This system is made in the form of an elevator with a rack containing 12 cells. The elevator is driven by a stepper motor to move in the direction of the X, Y, and Z axis and is controlled through an Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller. Object identification is carried out by the TCS 3200 color sensor and the infrared obstacle sensor to read the height of the object. In this study, prototype storage and lifter systems have been achieved as movers for storing boxes on shelves. The results showed success in shipping boxes according to the intended address, but there were still average error values on the x-axis motion of 0.125%, and on the z-axis of 0.11%. Keywords— Arduino Mega 2560; Forklift; Labview; Sensor TCS 3200; Warehouse

Unveiling the influence of surrounding materials and realization of multi-level storage in resistive switching memory

This work investigated the influence of surrounding material on RRAM and offered a strategy to achieve multilevel storage functionality with superior scalability and stability, suggesting its potential to be applied in neuromorphic computing area.