Algorithms for Finding Diameter Cycles of Biconnected Graphs

In this paper, we first coin a new graph theoretic problem called the diameter cycle problem with numerous applications. A longest cycle in a graph G = (V, E) is referred to as a diameter cycle of G iff the distance in G of every vertex on the cycle to the rest of the on-cycle vertices is maximal. We then present two algorithms for finding a diameter cycle of a biconnected graph. The first algorithm is an abstract intuitive algorithm that utilizes a brute-force mechanism for expanding an initial cycle by repeatedly replacing paths on the cycle with longer paths. The second algorithm is a concrete algorithm that uses fundamental cycles in the expansion process and has the time and space complexity of O(n^6) and O(n^2), respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this problem was neither defined nor addressed in the literature. The diameter cycle problem distinguishes itself from other cycle finding problems by identifying cycles that are maximally long while maximizing the distances between vertices in the cycle. Existing cycle finding algorithms such as fundamental and longest cycle algorithms do not discover cycles where the distances between vertices are maximized while also maximizing the length of the cycle.

TP6.2.2 Multi-disciplinary interventions to increase utilisation of NELA scores and critical care involvement following emergency colorectal surgery

Aims This audit aimed to assess pre-operative NELA risk score documentation and subsequent specialist peri-operative critical care involvement. Methods This complete audit cycle retrospectively reviewed notes (electronic patient records, anaesthetic charts and CEPOD booking forms) of all patients undergoing emergency laparotomy between March and May 2019. The NELA score was calculated retrospectively if not documented. Following the initial audit, the following multi-disciplinary interventions were instituted: alteration of the physical CEPOD booking form to include NELA score (Surgical); a sticker added to anaesthetic charts to prompt NELA calculation (Anaesthetic), formal recording of NELA score during theatre brief (Theatre staff); and by increasing awareness of NELA via departmental education (All). The audit cycle was completed by reassessment between October and November 2020. Results The initial cycle included 34 patients, with only 2 (6%) having a NELA documented. The repeat cycle included 35 patients, with 29 (83%) having a NELA documented. Regarding post-operative critical care admissions, both cycles found that 100% of patients with a NELA of ≥ 5%, were admitted to either surgical HDU or ICU (n = 17 in first cycle, n = 17 in second cycle). For those with a high-risk NELA of ≥ 10% (n = 11 in first cycle, n = 7 in second cycle), only 2 (18%) were admitted to ICU in the first cycle vs 7 (100%) in the second cycle. Conclusions This complete audit cycle demonstrates improved NELA score calculation following institution of several multidisciplinary interventions. The improved NELA score uptake was associated with increased critical care review and admission to ITU in high-risk cases.

UTILIZING SCRABBLE AS A MEDIUM TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ VOCABULARY SKILLS IN HIGH SCHOOLS

A good education produces satisfactory learning outcomes. Creative learning requires teachers to be able to use all available resources so that students learn optimally. One of the efforts to maximize learning at home is the use of appropriate media for the conditions and situations at school. The teachers’ difficulty of using suitable media is a problem, especially the teaching of English words. Students still have insufficient vocabulary mastery; as a result,innovations and effort are required in order that students can improve their learning outcomes. One of the media that can be used is scrabble. This research used classroom action research method. The class action was carried out in 2 cycles. The initial cycle began with mapping the students' initial abilities and administering a test after using Scrabble. The second cycle was conducted by improving the teaching through scrabble. 21 students were involved in the classroom action research. The results showed that scrabble could improve English vocabulary learning outcomes. The average score in cycle 1 was 77.9 and in cycle 2 was 78.9. There was an increase for1 point. This result was expected to be improved as the students' vocabulary increased. Teachers should be able to use various and effective media so that students would not get bored studying in class. Learning outcomes increased along with the increase in students’ activities in the classroom.

The use of guided discovery learning method to improve participation in answering reading comprehension questions

This research was done by using Classroom Action Research method to solve the problems faced by the students. This research was conducted to the eleventh Grade Students of SMA Boedi Oetomo Pontianak in academic year of 2017/2018. Here, the researcher used purposive sampling as the sampling technique by choosing eleventh grade which consisted of 26 students. Techniques of data collecting were observation technique and measurement. To analyze the data, the researcher used qualitative and quantitative analyses. In qualitative data analysis, the researcher analyzed the displayed data, and drawing conclusion. While in quantitative data analysis, the researcher analyzed the data from the test which calculated by percentage of the students’ participation during each cycle in three cycles. In the initial cycle, the students’ participation was 21.30%. Meanwhile in the second cycle, the participation of the students was 45.62%. In the last cycle, the students’ participation was 60.60%. The researcher concluded that Discovery learning method was effective in improving the students’ participation in responding to the teacher’s questions. Therefore,discovery learning method could help the teacher in teaching and learning process because this method encouraged students to learn actively.

Synthesis and electrochemical properties of Na0:67Mn0:75Ni0:25O2 in carbonate-based electrolytes

In this work, a single phase of P2-Na0:67Mn0:75Ni0:25O2 (NaMNO) material was successfully synthesized via a coprecipitation method with the size varying from 2 to 4 mm. According to the atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), all the metallic elements were uniformly distributed in the bulk material with the desired ratio Mn¸Ni = 3¸1. The electrochemical properties of P2-NaNMO were investigated in carbonate-based electrolytes using 1M NaClO4 or 1M NaPF6. Among these electrolytes, this cathode exhibited the best electrochemical performance with initial capacity up to 205.7 mAh/g and capacity retention reaches 63.2% during 60 cycles when using 1M NaClO4/PC + 2% (v/v) VC. Indeed, vinylene carbonate (VC) additive plays an important role in improving the performance of NaMNO cathode through the formation of a stable cathode electrolyte interphase layer (CEI). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was performed to demonstrate CEI layer formation indicated by the elevation of the electrode surface film and double layer impedance in the initial cycle. During cycling, galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) helps to calculate the Na+ ion diffusion coefficient, which was increased clearly at the working voltages of Mn3+/Mn4+ and Ni3+/Ni4+ redox couples.

462 Empirical Antibiotic Prescribing in General Surgical Patients

Introduction Prescribing antibiotics is common practice on a standard general surgical take, however incorrect prescribing can result in sub-standard care or even patient harm. This audit loop was conducted to assess the adherence to local antibiotic prescribing guidelines to evaluate and improve practice. Method Data was collected prospectively against a pre-designed proforma over a 2-week period. Inclusion criteria were patients admitted on the general surgical take and were prescribed empirical antibiotics. This process was repeated after the first audit and a) a questionnaire on prescribing behaviours b) An educational presentation. Results Antibiotic indication and bleep number were generally well documented, above 86% and 77% respectively in both audit cycles. Duration of antibiotic was poorly documented overall and requires further improvement. The most significant improvement was in documentation of signature and a printed name. The questionnaire revealed that 70% of doctors were unaware of the importance of printing name as well as a signature on prescription, after educational intervention the rate of printed and signed scripts improved from 23% to 70%. Conclusions Significant improvement was noted in doctors printing their name compared to the initial cycle. These results highlight the importance of informing the junior doctors of the benefits of printing their name on prescriptions.

Single-center experience with venetoclax combinations in patients with newly diagnosed and relapsed AML evolving from MPNs

In patients with acute myeloid leukemia evolving from myeloproliferative neoplasms (post–MPN-AML), the clinical activity of the B-cell lymphoma 2 inhibitor venetoclax remains to be determined. We review our experience with venetoclax-based regimens in 14 newly diagnosed (frontline [FL]) and 17 relapsed/refractory (R/R) post–MPN-AML patients. Venetoclax was used in combination with hypomethylating agents in 58% of cases and in 19% with intensive chemotherapy (treatment including cytarabine ≥1 g/m2 or CPX-351); the remaining patients received cladribine and low-dose cytarabine or isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2 inhibitors. The median dose of venetoclax during the initial cycle was 100 mg in all patients (range, 50-800 mg) and 200 mg (range, 100-800 mg) for FL patients. The venetoclax dose was adjusted when used concomitantly with azole antifungal agents. In FL patients, complete remission with and without count recovery in 6 patients (median duration of 6.4 months) and partial remission in 1 patient was noted, with a median overall survival of 7 months. In R/R patients, no formal responses were seen, with a median overall survival of 3 months. Hematologic toxicities and adverse events were frequent; 83% of patients developed grade 3 or higher infection during the initial cycle. Severe hemorrhagic complications were observed in 14 patients, including 6 cases of intracranial and subdural hemorrhage. Overall 4-week and 8-week mortality were 10% and 32%, respectively. Given the substantial treatment-associated hematologic toxicity and mortality, and modest short-lived responses only in newly diagnosed patients with venetoclax-based regimens, additional treatment options are urgently needed for these patients.

Penerapan Metode Bermain Peran untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Siswa Terhadap Konsep Pecahan Sederhana pada Mata Pelajaran Matematika di SD Inpres I Nambaru

The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of implementing role playing methods in learning mathematics on improving learning outcomes and student activeness in the basic material of simple fractions. This research method uses classroom action research. The data source came from grade III students of SD Inpres I Nambaru, totaling 24 students. Data collection techniques through formative test results. Data analysis was performed using quantitative and qualitative analysis, then consulted with the success criteria to determine student learning completeness. Based on the results of the formative tests from the first and second cycles, it was found that students' learning completeness had increased. From the initial cycle there were only 12 students out of 24 students or 50% who completed, then increased in the first cycle to 17 students from 24 students or 71%, and in the second cycle reached 100% completeness, namely 24 students completed out of 24 students. So that the conclusion obtained from this study is that the application of role playing methods in learning mathematics can improve learning outcomes and student activeness in the basic material of simple fractions

Gender Differences in Patients with Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer Who Received FOLFIRINOX

Background: The combination of 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin (FOLFIRINOX) is a very effective chemotherapeutic regimen for unresectable pancreatic cancer. Previous studies have reported that female gender may be a predictor of a better response to FOLFIRINOX. This study was aimed at investigating the clinical outcomes and dose modification patterns of FOLFIRINOX by gender. Methods: Patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer (MPC) who began FOLFIRINOX as the first-line therapy at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital between 2013 and 2018 were enrolled. The patients received at least four chemotherapy cycles. Local regression and a linear mixed model were used to analyze dose modification patterns by gender. Results: Ninety-seven patients with MPC (54 men; 43 women) were enrolled. In the first FOLFIRINOX cycle, there were significant differences in age and body surface area between the genders (58.8 (men) and 64.9 years (women), p = 0.005; 1.7 (men) and 1.6 m2 (women), p < 0.001, respectively). The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 10.8 and 18.0 months, respectively. There was a trend of longer PFS (10.3 (men) and 11.9 months (women), p = 0.153) and a significantly longer OS (17.9 (men) and 25.9 months (women), p = 0.019) in female patients. During the first year of FOLFIRINOX treatment, there was a significant difference of the age-corrected dose reduction pattern by gender (a mean of 95.6% dose at the initial cycle and −0.35% of dose reduction per week in men versus a mean of 90.7% dose at the initial cycle and −0.53% of dose reduction per week in women, p-value of the slope: <0.001). There was no difference in the adverse event rates between the genders. Conclusions: Female patients showed longer OS despite a more rapid dose reduction during each cycle. Gender differences should be considered during FOLFIRINOX treatment.

Inclusion of Multiple Cycling of the Potential into Deep Neural Network Classification of Voltammetric Reaction Mechanisms

The use of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) for the classification of electrochemical mechanisms based on training with simulations of the initial cycle of potential have been reported. In this paper,...