Monitoring of Gold Biodistribution from Nanoparticles Using a HPLC-Visible Method

There is intensive research using gold nanoparticles for biomedical purposes, which have many advantages such as ease of synthesis and high reactivity. Their possible small size (<10 nm) can lead to the crossing of biological membranes and then to problematic dissemination and storage in organs that must be controlled and evaluated. In this work, a simple isocratic HPLC method was developed and validated to quantify the gold coming from nanoparticles in different biological samples. After a first carbonization step at 900 °C, the nanoparticles were oxidized by dibroma under acidic conditions, leading to tetrachloroaurate ions that could form ion pairs when adding rhodamine B. Finally, ion pairs were extracted and rhodamine B was evaluated to quantify the corresponding gold concentration by reversed-phase HPLC with visible detection. The method was validated for different organs (liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys, or brain) and fluids (plasma and urine) from rats and mice. Lastly, the developed method was used to evaluate the content of gold in organs and fluids after intravenous (IV) injection of nanoparticles.

Gold and Porphyry Cu–Mo Mineralization of the Bumbat Ore Cluster and Its Relationship with the Early Paleozoic Magmatism of the Lake Zone (Western Mongolia)

––Geological, mineralogical, and geochemical studies of copper and gold mineralization in the Bumbat ore district of Mongolia have shown its association with igneous rocks of different ages formed under different geodynamic, geologic, and geochemical conditions. Copper ore occurrences (site 98 and Altan Gadas site) with an age of 518.0 ± 4.9 Ma have similar mineralogical and geochemical features and seem to be related to plagiogranite-porphyry stocks formed at the late island arc stage (524.5 Ma). The ores were deposited from weakly concentrated solutions with a low content of СО2 at 240–230 °С under subsurface conditions. The association of mineralization with plagiogranites, its localization predominantly in veins, and its essentially copper composition, with high contents of Zn, Mn, Ba, and, in some samples, Ag and Bi, permit us to assign this mineralization to the vein quartz–sulfide type. Its commercial value has yet to be assessed. Gold mineralization of the Three Hills and Darvi sites formed later (455.9 ± 4.3 Ma), during the formation of the final granitoid phases at the accretion–collision stage (511–465 Ma). These sites are mineralized crushing zones composed of hydrothermally altered rocks of sericite–quartz composition with veinlet and disseminated (stockwork) sulfide mineralization and gold-bearing quartz veins. The content of gold in the ores varies from tenths to tens of ppm, and its fineness varies from 700 to 1000‰. The ores of both sites have high contents of Cu, Zn, Mn, Ba, and, in places, Mo. Mineralization formed from hydrothermal solutions with TDS = 9.5–12.0 wt.% NaCl eq. at medium temperatures (230–300 °C) under subsurface conditions. The above specific features of gold mineralization are typical of the flank zones of porphyry Cu–(Mo) deposits.

SOME NEW RESULTS OF MODELING THE PROCESSES OF THE GAS-PHASE SYNTHESIS OF CU - AU NANOPARTICLES

Методом молекулярной динамики на основе потенциала сильной связи проведена имитация процесса синтеза из высокотемпературной газовой среды бинарных нанокластеров Cu - Au методом конденсации. В качестве начальной конфигурации были использованы 91124 атомов Cu и Au , расположенных хаотично в пространстве с целевым химическим составом CuAu, CuAu, CuAu и CuAu. Найдено, что в случаях стехиометрического химического состава исходной газовой смеси (CuAu или CuAu) наблюдается выделение очень мелких кластеров с подавляющим содержанием в них атомов золота. Также было показано, что многие полученные при таком синтезе наночастицы обладали пятичастичным строением. Сделано предположение, что причиной такого расположения атомов в исследуемых соединениях может быть разный размер атомов золота и меди, приводящий к «разрыхлению» кристаллической решетки. Simulation of synthesis of binary Cu - Au nanoclusters from a high-temperature gas medium by the condensation method was carried out by the molecular dynamics method based on the tight-binding potential. The initial configuration consisted of 91124 Cu and Au atoms was located randomly in space with the target chemical composition CuAu, CuAu, CuAu and CuAu. It was found that in the cases of the stoichiometric chemical composition of the initial gas mixture (CuAu or CuAu), very small clusters with an overwhelming content of gold atoms were observed. It was also shown that many nanoparticles obtained by this synthesis had a five-particle structure. It is assumed that the reason for such an arrangement of atoms in the compounds under study may be the size mismatch of gold and copper atoms, leading to «loosening» of the crystal lattice.

OBTAINING SOME THERMOD AINING SOME THERMODYNAMIC PARAMETERS CONTAINING ME AINING METACRYLATE AND ALL TE AND ALLYL GROUPS CON YL GROUPS CONTAINING IN COMPOSITION

The article discusses the results of studying the material composition and the development of technology for processing gold-bearing sulfide ore samples. The material composition of the ore samples was studied by spectral, chemical, assay and rational analysis of gold and silver. Based on a study of the material composition of the ore samples, the following conclusions were made: gold and silver are the industry's most valuable components. It is shown that the use of sulfuric acid treatment of a cinder of graviofloraf concentrate can allow to improve the technological performance of the process. As a result of the mixture of gravio-flotation concentrate after sulfuric acid treatment drying, grinding to a size of 95% CL. -0,074+0 mm and subjected to sorption cyanidation. In the initial cake, the content of gold -77.83 u. e. and silver-16.3 u. e., the concentration of sodium cyanide 0.15%, the ratio W:t=2:1; resin AM-2B-5% of the pulp volume, the duration of cyanidation 36 hours.the Content in the tailings of cyanidation of gold - 6.5 u. e., and silver - 4.8 u. e. the Extraction of noble metals in solution and on the resin was 91.65 and 70.55%, respectively. Through extraction of 87.63% gold and 55.6% silver from ore.

Effective Gold Recovery from Near-Surface Oxide Zone Using Reductive Microwave Roasting and Magnetic Separation

High content of gold in near-surface oxide zones above the gold ore deposit could be recovered using cyanidation. However, restricting the use of cyanide in mines has made it difficult to recover gold within the oxide zone. In this study, we investigated an application of the reductive microwave roasting and magnetic separation (RMR-MS) process for the effective gold recovery from ores in a near-surface oxide zone. Ore samples obtained from the near-surface oxide zone in Moisan Gold Mine (Haenam, South Korea) were used in RMR-MS tests for the recovery of iron and gold. The effect of the RMR process on the recovery of iron and gold was evaluated by given various conditions of the microwave irradiation as well as the dosages of reductant and additive. The microwave roasting resulted in a chemical reduction of non-magnetic iron oxide minerals (hematite) to magnetite minerals, such as magnetite and maghemite. This mineral phase change could induce the effective separation of iron minerals from the gangue minerals by magnetic separation process. The increased iron recovery was directly proportional to the gold recovery due to the coexistence of gold with iron minerals. The RMR-MS process could be a promising method for gold recovery from the ores in near-surface oxide zones.

The influence of CePO4 nanorods on the CO oxidation activity of Au/GdPO4-rods

A CePO4–GdPO4 composite was prepared by a general ultrasound method and could be a good support for gold nanocatalysts. Au/CePO4–GdPO4 catalysts with a low content of gold showed good catalytic activity, high temperature resistance and stability for CO oxidation.

PALEOGEODYNAMICAL RECONSTRUCTIONS AND MINERAGENY OF EARLY-JURASSIC BASALT-ULTRABASITIC FIAGDONSKIY COMPLEX (REPUBLIC NORTHERN OSSETIA-ALANIA, CAUCASUS, RF) ON PETROCHEMICAL, GEOCHEMICAL AND, ISOTOPIC DATA

В статье приведены впервые полученные изотопно-геохимические данные, позволившие уточнить геодинамическую обстановку при образовании пород раннеюрского Фиагдонского комплекса (ФК). Раннеальпийские магматические комплексы, изучавшиеся в середине и конце ХХ века, практически не были охарактеризованы изотопно-геохимическими данными. Этот пробел восполнен полученными нами принципиально новыми данными, на основе которых сделаны следующие выводы: – на диагностических диаграммах породы ФК сконцентрированы в полях: базальтов СОХ, окраинных морей; или в зоне перекрытия полей базальтов MORB и IAT; – сравнение мультиэлементных спектров и спектров распределения REE с эталонами N-MORB указало на их близость к толеитовым базальтам задуговых бассейнов, занимающих промежуточное положение между MORB и IAT – энсиматических островных дуг; – величины 87Sr / 86Sr в породах ФК, варьируют в пределах от 0,7038 до 0,7057 и сопоставимы по этим величинам с базальтами IAT и окраинных морей; – геодинамическая обстановка, в которой сформировались породы ФК, определена как надсубдукционная офиолитовая (suprasubduction zone ophiolites). Резко повышенные содержания золота (от 0,2 до 3?7 г / т) в лиственитизированных серпентинитах, позволили предполагать, что выявлен новый для Большого Кавказа золото-лиственитовый с шеелитом тип рудной минерализации. The firstly obtained isotope-geochemical data, allows to specify the geodynamics situation in the course of origin of Fiagdon complex (FC) rocks are reported in this article. Early Alpine magmatic complexes, which have been investigated during middle-and end of XX century, were not described by modern isotope-geochemical data. This flaw was supply by on principle new data obtained, on base of which the following conclusions were done: – on the diagnostic diagrams the rocks of FC are concentrated in the fields of basalts of MORB, marginal sea or in zone of overlapping fields basalts MORB and IAT; – comparison of multielements spectrums and spectrums of distribution of REE with N-MORB standart, shown its closeness to tholeitic basalt of the back arc basins, which are intermediate between МОRВ and IAT; – value of 87Sr / 86Sr in basalts and picrites of FC are vary in the range from 0,7038 to 0,7057 and correlated with basalts of ensimatical island arc and marginal sea; – geodynamics conditions of origin of FC rocks are correspond as suprasubduction zone; The radically increased content of gold (from 0,2 tо 3?7 ppm) in serpentinite with process of listvenitization alteration suggests that a new for the Great Caucasus gold-listvenitical type with scheelite of ore mineralization was revealed.

Geochemical specialization terrigenous deposits Bashkirian meganticlinorium

The paper presents materials on geology and geochemical specialization Riphean clastic rocks of Bashkirian meganticlinorium, including carbonaceous shales and conglomerates. In the last set high content of gold and platinum group elements, confined mainly to heavily dislocated zones. The conclusion is that the potentially ore-bearing zones in clastic sediments of the Bashkir meganticlinorium is a result of polygenic multistep processes, caused geodynamic development of the region in the Riphean-Vendian time.

KETERDAPATAN EMAS LETAKAN DAN IKUTANNYA DI PERAIRAN DELTA KAPUAS, PONTIANAK, KALIMANTAN BARAT

Perairan Delta Kapuas merupakan tempat yang baik bagi akumulasinya endapan letakan asal Sungai Kapuas. Permukaan dasar lautnya ditutupi oleh sedimen pasir, pasir lanauan, lanau pasiran dan lanau. Sedimen ini mengandung logam emas (Au) dan ikutannya, yaitu perak (Ag), tembaga (Cu), timbal (Pb), seng (Zn) dan timah (Sn). Kadar terendah yaitu emas berkisar 2 - 92 ppb dan tertinggi Sn < 10 - 320 ppm. Keterdapatan emas secara lateral relatif membesar ke arah bagian hulu dan secara vertikal membesar ke bagian bawah permukaan. Keterdapatan emas dan ikutannya tersebut tidak satupun dijumpai pembawa mineral bijihnya. Namun secara kualitatif keterdapatan unsur-unsur logam ini sesuai dengan hasil analisis geokimia dari percontohan "stream sediment" dan "pan concentrate" di Sungai Delta Kapuas. Primernya diduga berkaitan dengan peristiwa Batuan Terobosan Sintang yang dijumpai secara setempat di sebelah timur daerah penelitian. Delta Kapuas Waters are a good place for placer deposits accumulation originally from Kapuas River. The seafloor sediment surface are covered by sand, silty sand, sandy silt and silt. These sediments content of gold (Au) and its associate metal, such as silver (Ag), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn) and tin (Sn). The lowest content of gold is approximately between 2 - 92 ppb and the highest content of tin is approximately between < 10 - 320 ppm. Laterally, the occurrence of gold is relatively higher to the upstream part and vertically higher to the deeper part of the sediment. The existence of gold (Au) and its associate metal as mentioned above could not be traced to its ore mineral. But qualitatively the existence of these metal elements are in accordance with the result of geochemical analysis of the stream sediments and concentrate pan samples in the Delta Kapuas river. Its primary source is anticipated relate to the Sintang intrusion event which occurred locally in eastern of research area.