Genome information processing by the INO80 chromatin remodeler positions nucleosomes

The fundamental molecular determinants by which ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers organize nucleosomes across eukaryotic genomes remain largely elusive. Here, chromatin reconstitutions on physiological, whole-genome templates reveal how remodelers read and translate genomic information into nucleosome positions. Using the yeast genome and the multi-subunit INO80 remodeler as a paradigm, we identify DNA shape/mechanics encoded signature motifs as sufficient for nucleosome positioning and distinct from known DNA sequence preferences of histones. INO80 processes such information through an allosteric interplay between its core- and Arp8-modules that probes mechanical properties of nucleosomal and linker DNA. At promoters, INO80 integrates this readout of DNA shape/mechanics with a readout of co-evolved sequence motifs via interaction with general regulatory factors bound to these motifs. Our findings establish a molecular mechanism for robust and yet adjustable +1 nucleosome positioning and, more generally, remodelers as information processing hubs that enable active organization and allosteric regulation of the first level of chromatin.

Feather Gene Expression Elucidates the Developmental Basis of Plumage Iridescence in African Starlings

Iridescence is widespread in the living world, occurring in organisms as diverse as bacteria, plants, and animals. Yet, compared to pigment-based forms of coloration, we know surprisingly little about the developmental and molecular bases of the structural colors that give rise to iridescence. Birds display a rich diversity of iridescent structural colors that are produced in feathers by the arrangement of melanin-containing organelles called melanosomes into nanoscale configurations, but how these often unusually shaped melanosomes form, or how they are arranged into highly organized nanostructures, remains largely unknown. Here, we use functional genomics to explore the developmental basis of iridescent plumage using superb starlings (Lamprotornis superbus), which produce both iridescent blue and non-iridescent red feathers. Through morphological and chemical analyses, we confirm that hollow, flattened melanosomes in iridescent feathers are eumelanin-based, whereas melanosomes in non-iridescent feathers are solid and amorphous, suggesting that high pheomelanin content underlies red coloration. Intriguingly, the nanoscale arrangement of melanosomes within the barbules was surprisingly similar between feather types. After creating a new genome assembly, we use transcriptomics to show that non-iridescent feather development is associated with genes related to pigmentation, metabolism, and mitochondrial function, suggesting non-iridescent feathers are more energetically expensive to produce than iridescent feathers. However, iridescent feather development is associated with genes related to structural and cellular organization, suggesting that, while nanostructures themselves may passively assemble, barbules and melanosomes may require active organization to give them their shape. Together, our analyses suggest that iridescent feathers form through a combination of passive self-assembly and active processes.

ASEAN's Position in Traning Peace in the South China Sea

In the present context, there are many different approaches and assessments of ASEAN'S position in maintaining peace in the South China Sea. The article with a positive view and approach from a historical perspective, the author analyzes the position and effective activities of this organization in maintaining peace in the South China Sea. Accordingly, ASEAN'S outstanding position in maintaining peace in the South China Sea is promoting Asean's central values, flexibility in handling issues and challenges related to peace, security, and regional developments, including the South China Sea issue. This is a fairly active organization in promoting confidence building measures, creating mechanisms for regional cooperation that can engage external partners, especially all major countries to achieve common regional goals.

Analisis Kebiasaan Belajar Mahasiswa yang Aktif Organisasi Maupun Bekerja dengan IPK Cumlaude di Perguruan Tinggi Jakarta dan Depok

This study aims to determine the study habits of students who are active in organizations and works with a GPA of 3.75 (cumlaude) in universities in Jakarta and Depok. The research method used a descriptive qualitative. The subjects of this research were 12 students, i.e. four students were each from the UI, UNJ, AL-Azhar and UNPAM campuses. The selection of sources was categorized as students having a GPA of 3.75 while working or being active in organizations. The instrument used was an interview guide validated by a reviewer and the data collection technique was through interviews. The data analysis technique used source triangulation technique. The results of the study founded that students who studied while working or participating in an organization with a GPA of 3.75 had learning habits such as the followings: 1) Students must have good time management in utilizing soft skills and hard skills by setting a priority scale in the learning process, active organization and work. 2) Students must create habits with certain patterns for the goals to be achieved, by adjusting each individual's ability to study, organize and work. 3) Students must know the strengths and weaknesses of each to find out what supports and hinders the learning process, organization or work.

Genome information processing by the INO80 chromatin remodeler positions nucleosomes

The fundamental molecular determinants by which ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers organize nucleosomes across eukaryotic genomes remain largely elusive. Here, chromatin reconstitutions on physiological, whole-genome templates reveal how remodelers read and translate genomic information into nucleosome positions. Using the yeast genome and the multi-subunit INO80 remodeler as a paradigm, we identify DNA shape/mechanics encoded signature motifs as sufficient for nucleosome positioning and distinct from known DNA sequence preferences of histones. INO80 processes such information through an allosteric interplay between its core- and Arp8-modules that probes mechanical properties of nucleosomal and linker DNA. At promoters, INO80 integrates this readout of DNA shape/mechanics with a readout of co-evolved sequence motifs via interaction with general regulatory factors bound to these motifs. Our findings establish a molecular mechanism for robust and yet adjustable +1 nucleosome positioning and, more generally, remodelers as information processing hubs that enable active organization and allosteric regulation of the first level of chromatin.

Pengaruh Kesehatan Mental, Keaktifan Berorganisasi dan Prestasi AkademikTerhadap Tingkat Pemahaman Moderasi Beragama

This research is quantitative research with the design of research hypothesis testing studies aimed at analyzing, describing, and obtaining empirical evidence of a pattern of relations between two or more variables, both correlational (correlation), causality and comparatively (comparative). This research aims to seek direct influence and indirect influence between mental health, active organization and academic achievement of students (independent variables) with the level of understanding of religious moderation (variable dependent). Samples in the study of 86 people. The method of collecting data used for mental health variables is to use a validated mental efficiency test from an official institution/hospital/a credible psychologist. While the learning achievement variables are taken from the student learning documentation. The active variables of the organization and the level of understanding of religious moderation are the poll methods. The poll used is a closed poll that has provided the answer. Test the significance of the influence of variables independent of the dependent variables simultaneously using the F test and partially using the T test.

Party Vibrancy and Democracy in Latin America

How do political parties remain vibrant organizations? This qualitative study of political parties in Chile, Costa Rica, and Uruguay explains how party vibrancy is maintained and reproduced over time. A vibrant party is an active organization that operates beyond electoral cycles, has clear symbols, and maintains a significant presence in the territory. The study identifies the complex interaction between four causal factors that account for the reproduction of party vibrancy: Purpose, Trauma, Channels of Ambition, and moderate Exit Barriers. Purpose activates retrospective loyalty among members. Trauma refers to a shared traumatic past that engenders retrospective loyalty. Channels of Ambition are routes by which individuals can pursue a political career. Moderate Exit Barriers are rules that set costs of defection at reasonable levels. The case studies suggest that, after a process of consolidation and stability, the presence of the four causal factors explains party vibrancy. The presence of the factors then sustains the reproduction of this vibrancy over time. The four causal factors are observed during a party’s “golden age.” Vibrant parties are resilient. Yet the study also shows that the ability of Trauma to forge loyalty decreases over time and that the long-term reproduction of Purpose can be elusive, as has been shown in Latin America. Older vibrant parties thus exhibit a combination of only Channels of Ambition and moderate Exit Barriers, and are less resilient than those that also have Purpose and/or Trauma.

Re-Thinking the Very Concept of Peace

The appreciation of Peace, the promotion of its values, and the efforts for its attainment as the only way to cope with horrifyingly destructive dimensions of the war we are facing with on a daily basis since so many long years all across the world urges nowadays to the extreme. This necessity appears to such an extent, and with such intensity, as to having been transformed more than ever in one of the most dominant catchphrases of political, social, intellectual and practical discourses of our violent times, a ubiquitous topic within universities, governments, civil societies and other non-governmental organizations and institutions. There are large pacifist movements which are facing off ever more actively against the war. There is also an ever more active engagement of many intellectuals and artists poised to face off against the hawkish and bellicose aesthetics we were facing with up to last two or three decades in most Western countries by a constructive bolstering and promotion of a peaceable and pacifistic aesthetics. By the 1970s the new discipline of peace studies, embracing the history and philosophy of peace, was well establish. Since 1980 there is even a university dedicated to Peace studies, the United Nations mandated “University for Peace”, with its main campus in Costa Rica, which is launching its programs and establishing its centers around the world. About 30 years ago will faced and will be very active well known the CPP, Concerned Philosophers for Peace is the largest, most active organization of professional philosophers in North American involved in the analysis of the causes of violence and prospects for peace. And, many philosophers and thinkers are engaged in the international peace dialog and a large number of separated initiatives that have involving a significant number and pages of essays and conferences on philosophy of war and on the Philosophy of Peace, too.