Complex Housing, but Not Maternal Deprivation Affects Motivation to Liberate a Trapped Cage-Mate in an Operant Rat Task

Early life environment influences the development of various aspects of social behavior, particularly during sensitive developmental periods. We studied how challenges in the early postnatal period or (early) adolescence affect pro-social behavior. To this end, we designed a lever-operated liberation task, to be able to measure motivation to liberate a trapped conspecific (by progressively increasing required lever pressing for door-opening). Liberation of the trapped rat resulted either in social contact or in liberation into a separate compartment. Additionally, a condition was tested in which both rats could freely move in two separate compartments and lever pressing resulted in social contact. When partners were not trapped, rats were more motivated to press the lever for opening the door than in either of the trapped configurations. Contrary to our expectations, the trapped configuration resulted in a reduced motivation to act. Early postnatal stress (24 h maternal deprivation on postnatal day 3) did not affect behavior in the liberation task. However, rearing rats from early adolescence onwards in complex housing conditions (Marlau cages) reduced the motivation to door opening, both in the trapped and freely moving conditions, while the motivation for a sucrose reward was not affected.

Determination of Heat Transfer Coefficient from Housing Surface of a Totally Enclosed Fan-Cooled Machine during Passive Cooling

This paper presents the analytical calculation of the heat transfer coefficient of a complex housing shape of a Totally Enclosed Fan-Cooled (TEFC) industrial machine when it works below 20% of its nominal speed or close to stall. Therefore, passive cooling is dominant, and most of the heat is extracted by the combination of natural convection and radiation phenomena. Under these conditions, the area-based composite approach was used for the development of the analytical calculation method. A test rig using a TEFC Synchronous Reluctance Motor (SynRM) was constructed, and the collected experimental data was used to validate the proposed analytical method successfully.

The Community Housing Plan: The Role Of Capacity In Canadian On-Reserve Housing Policy

On-Reserve Housing Policy is failing First Nation communities across Canada as it appears unable to meet the complex housing needs of First Nations people, or effectively manage the operation of housing systems on reserve. This paper explores whether a relationship exists between the ability of First Nations to develop and implement a Community Housing Plan (CHP) and capacity development on-reserve. It does this by questioning whether on-reserve housing policy has created the appropriate administrative, financial and governance capacity to support the successful implementation of Community Housing Plans onreserve. The research uses qualitative methodology, reviewing literature and seven reports that explore Indigenous history in Canada and Canadian On-Reserve Housing Policy. The findings contemplate the wider implications of On-Reserve Housing Policy when First Nation capacity is not supported by the Federal Government, and the role of planning in the decolonization of Indigenous housing and policy.

The Community Housing Plan: The Role Of Capacity In Canadian On-Reserve Housing Policy

On-Reserve Housing Policy is failing First Nation communities across Canada as it appears unable to meet the complex housing needs of First Nations people, or effectively manage the operation of housing systems on reserve. This paper explores whether a relationship exists between the ability of First Nations to develop and implement a Community Housing Plan (CHP) and capacity development on-reserve. It does this by questioning whether on-reserve housing policy has created the appropriate administrative, financial and governance capacity to support the successful implementation of Community Housing Plans onreserve. The research uses qualitative methodology, reviewing literature and seven reports that explore Indigenous history in Canada and Canadian On-Reserve Housing Policy. The findings contemplate the wider implications of On-Reserve Housing Policy when First Nation capacity is not supported by the Federal Government, and the role of planning in the decolonization of Indigenous housing and policy.

Skuteczność Narodowego Programu Mieszkaniowego w zakresie społecznej polityki mieszkaniowej

In the first 20 years of the 21st century, the social housing policy in Poland underwent many changes. They resulted from the lack of consistency in this respect and low patience of the ruling parties, which led to profound modifications in the approach to the housing policy practically with every new government. Until the implementation of the National Housing Programme (NHP), the housing policy in Poland was characterised by fragmented solutions, without any comprehensive approach to the issue in question. The aim of the article is to verify the effectiveness of the NHP, especially in terms of its social part, i.e., Mieszkanie Plus [Apartment Plus] package. The programme was described using the framework of theoretical assumptions of the social housing policy and the implementation of this policy in Poland after the year 2000. The author claims that the NHP is the first housing policy in Poland which applies a holistic approach and moves away from the practice of short-term, fragmented solutions. He recommends that those who are in power should exercise patience and refrain from introducing alterations after a very short period from the point of view of investment processes, as the implementation of such a complex housing policy as the NHP is planned for many years.

Административно-правовой механизм комплексной реконструкции жилищного фонда исторических центров городов России

На основе обзора теоретической и законодательной базы реконструкции жилищного фонда исторических центров городов России, а также результатов работы государственных органов за последние три десятилетия авторы представляют Механизм комплексной реконструкции жилищного фонда исторических центров городов России. Этот административно-правовой Механизм направлен на улучшение условий жизни людей и сохранение уникальных исторических ландшафтов городов. Проведён анализ действующей законодательной и нормативно-правовой базы охраны объектов культурного наследия: городского планирования и землепользования, а также институционных взаимодействий между государственными органами охраны объектов культурного наследия (федеральными, региональными и муниципальными), государственными кадастровыми органами и администрацией муниципалитетов, правовых отношений между участниками в области реконструкции жилищного фонда. Главное положение Механизма – согласование всех его элементов для обеспечения комплексной сохранности объектов культурного наследия. Ключевые слова: Механизм комплексной реконструкции, реконструкция жилищного фонда, исторический ландшафт города, объекты культурного наследия, градостроительство An overview of the accepted practice, theoretical and legislative basis for the renovation of the housing stock of the historic centers of Russian cities is presented. On this basis, the authors propose a Mechanism for the complex housing renovation of historic centers of Russian cities, aimed at improving the living conditions and preserving the unique historic urban landscapes. The analysis of the current legislative and regulatory framework for the protection of cultural heritage: urban planning and land use; institutional interactions - between state bodies for the protection of cultural heritage (federal, regional and municipal); state cadastral bodies and municipal authorities; legal relations between the participants of housing renovation programs. The Mechanism proposed by us is based on the results of the work of state bodies over the past three decades; one of its central provisions is the coordination of all elements of the Mechanism to ensure the comprehensive preservation of cultural heritage. Keywords: Mechanism of complex renovation of historic housing, historic urban landscape, cultural heritage, urban planning

Effects of maternal deprivation and complex housing on pro-social behavior in rats: An automated, operant task examining motivation to liberate a trapped conspecific

Early life environment influences the development of various aspects of social behavior, particularly during sensitive developmental periods. Here, we aimed to study how challenges in the early postnatal period or (early) adolescence affect pro-social behavior. To this end, we adapted an existing paw operated liberation task to an automated operant task, to measure motivation (by progressively increasing required lever pressing) to liberate a trapped conspecific. Liberation of the trapped rat resulted either in social contact, or in liberation into a separate compartment. Additionally, a condition was tested in which both rats could freely move in two separate compartments and lever pressing resulted in social contact. When partners were not trapped, rats were more motivated to press the lever for opening the door than in either of the trapped configurations. Contrary to our expectation, the trapped configuration resulted in a reduced motivation to act. Early postnatal stress (24h maternal deprivation on postnatal day 3) did not affect behavior in the liberation task. However, rearing rats from early adolescence onwards in complex housing conditions (Marlau cages) reduced the motivation to door opening, both in the trapped and freely moving conditions, while motivation for a sucrose reward was not affected.

Suburbs and Suburbanization

The suburb is defined as a residential area situated on the outskirts of a city or urban district. Suburbs are an outgrowth of many influences and ideas stemming from a desire for individual home and land ownership, population decentralization, enthusiasm for dwellings located a greater distance from industrialization, and finally an eagerness for community building and a sense of belonging—an opportunity to forge new social contracts literally and geographically. Suburbs, characterized initially as clusters of remote country estates or picturesque villages, have been in existence since before the time of Pompeii. They became most widespread in the latter half of the 19th century as byproduct of the Industrial Revolution and grew increasingly popular with the advent of commuter rail travel. Today, the suburb and suburbanization persist as a double-edged sword—as housing alternatives spawned to relieve urban density and as options for affordable residential growth, yet more often than not suburban development has occurred in a heedless manner. Most frequently, suburbs have been built lacking the collaborative input of planners, government officials, and architects and thus are identified as responsible for the course of unchecked housing growth, problematic social assimilation, and strident class divisiveness. The course of suburbanization has led to the unfolding of a complicated and complex housing type spurring analysis from every possible angle. The genesis of the suburb and suburbanization has been examined from the perspectives of various academic disciplines. The scholarship is vast and comprehensive. Herein lies the basis of where to begin such research.

The Naked Mole-Rat: An Unusual Organism with an Unexpected Latent Potential for Increased Intelligence?

Naked mole-rats are eusocial, hairless mammals that are uniquely adapted to their harsh, low-oxygen subsurface habitat. Although their encephalization quotient, a controversial marker of intelligence, is low, they exhibit many features considered tell-tale signs of highly intelligent species on our planet including longevity, plasticity, social cohesion and interaction, rudimentary language, sustainable farming abilities, and maintaining sanitary conditions in their self-built complex housing structures. It is difficult to envision how naked mole-rats would reach even higher levels of intelligence in their natural sensory-challenged habitat, but such an evolutionary path cannot be excluded if they would expand their range onto the earth’s surface.

ANALISA PENERAPAN MANAJEMEN WAKTU PADA PROYEK KONSTRUKSI JALAN LINGKUNGAN (Studi Kasus : Perumahan Komplek Teratai Putih Kalimantan Selatan)

Manajemen waktu adalah bagian esensi dari setiap aktivitas proyek. Potensi pemborosan dan kegagalan proyek akan semakin besar tanpa manajemen waktu yang optimal. Waktu menjadi salah satu sumber daya unjuk kerja. Sumber daya yang mesti dikelola secara efektif dan efisien. Penelitian ini secara khusus membahas bagaimana pelaksanaan manajemen waktu proyek konstruksi jalan lingkungan oleh kontraktor Perumahan Komplek Teratai Putih Kalimantan Selatan. Analisa pada penelitian ini sesuai dengan aspek-aspek manajemen waktu, yaitu mengenai schedule, monitoring, analisis, corrective action, update schedule. Dari hasil analisis disimpulkan bahwa manajemen waktu yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan kontraktor Perumahan Komplek Teratai Putih Kalimantan Selatan sudah melaksanakan dengan baik hanya belum mampu dilaksanakan dengan optimal dikarenakan adanya hambatan yang ditemui dalam pelaksanaan aspek manajemen waktu. Hambatan yang sering ditemui terjadi pada pengendalian proyek. Selama proses pengendalian proyek, schedule mengikuti perkembangan proyek dengan berbagai permasalahannya. Selain itu proses monitoring selalu dilakukan untuk mendapatkan penjadwalan yang paling realistis agar alokasi sumber daya dan penetapan durasinya sesuai dengan sasaran dan tujuan proyek. Hal ini sangat penting untuk dilaksanakan karena analisis hasil pekerjaan dapat dilaksanakan dari hasil monitoring yang teratur.Time management is an essential part of every project activity. The potential for waste and project failure will be even greater without optimal time management. Time is one of the resources for performance. Resources that must be managed effectively and efficiently. This study specifically discusses how the implementation of time management of environmental road construction projects by the White Lotus Complex Housing contractor in South Kalimantan. The analysis in this study is in accordance with aspects of time management, namely regarding schedule, monitoring, analysis, corrective action, update schedule. From the results of the analysis it was concluded that the time management carried out by the Housing Project of the White Lotus Complex in South Kalimantan had been implemented properly only had not been able to be implemented optimally due to obstacles encountered in the implementation of time management aspects. Barriers that are often encountered occur in project control. During the process of controlling the project, the schedule follows the development of the project with various problems. In addition, the monitoring process is always carried out to get the most realistic scheduling so that the allocation of resources and determination of duration is in accordance with the project goals and objectives. This is very important to implement because analysis of work results can be carried out from regular monitoring results.