Economic impact of biomaterials for bone regeneration in Brazil during the pandemic

Implantable devices are therapeutic options for oral rehabilitation, with several presentations available in the dental consumption market. The consumption power of health products is a little explored in the literature, particularly in the face of financial crises. The aim of this study was to evaluate the economic impact of biomaterials for bone regeneration in Brazil during the pandemic. A quantitative study was carried out through online document analysis, with publicly accessible secondary data extracted from IBGE and websites for the sale of dental products. Data collection in the second quarter of 2020 and 2021 of absolute values ​​of products, official GDP data and population estimates allowed the generation of a biomaterial/income coefficient. The categories obtained from grafts and membranes were stratified by composition, origin and industry. Statistical analysis used the Shapiro-Wilk test to assess normality, the non-parametric Kruskall-Wallis test to compare the means of variables and the Wilcoxon test for paired samples of medians according to the two periods, considering significant differences if p <0.05. Of 97 products analyzed, a higher frequency of bone grafts than barrier membranes was observed, with an average growth of 18.5% in the price of biomaterials, below 28.7% of GDP in the same period. The highest prevalence of biomaterials was the ceramic composition for bone grafts and resorbable polymeric for membranes, from the xenogenous source and Brazilian industry. There was a chronological decrease in the biomaterial/income coefficient in most categories, with a drop in the general average from 4.67±4.40% to 4.30±3.96%, accompanied by an increase in the median, demonstrating a trend towards homogeneity of this coefficient in the comparison between years. The drop in the coefficient indicates a greater purchasing power of biomaterials by the potential consumer. Market knowledge can contribute for the decision making in clinical planning involving bone regeneration.

Spatial epidemiologic analysis of the liver cancer and gallbladder cancer incidence and its determinants in South Korea

Background There have been reports on regional variation in prevalence of hepatitis B and C, and Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis) infection, which indicates potential of spatial variation in liver cancer and gallbladder cancer incidence in Korea. Therefore, we aimed to assess the regional variation of liver and gallbladder cancer incidence and its determinants based on the regional distribution of risk factors, including hepatitis B infection in Korea. Methods This study used an ecological study design and district-level cancer incidence statistics generated by the National Cancer Center. Spatial clusters of liver and gallbladder cancer incidence were detected based on spatial scan statistics using SaTScan™ software. We set the size of maximum spatial scanning window of 25 and 35% of the population at risk for analyses of liver and gallbladder cancer, respectively. Significance level of 0.05 was used to reject the null hypothesis of no cluster. We fitted the Besag-York-Mollie model using integrated nested Laplace approximations to assess factors that influence the regional variation in cancer incidence. Results Spatial clusters with high liver cancer incidence rates were detected in the southwestern and southeastern regions of Korea. High gallbladder cancer incidence rates are clustered in the southeastern region. Regional liver cancer incidence can be accounted for the prevalence of high household income (coefficient, − 0.10; 95% credible interval [CI], − 0.18 to − 0.02), marital status (coefficient, − 0.14; 95% CI, − 0.25 to − 0.03), the incidence of hepatitis B (coefficient, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.29 to 1.44), and liver cancer screening (coefficient, 0.06; 95% CI, 0.00 to 0.12), while gallbladder cancer incidence was related to the prevalence of high household income (coefficient, − 0.03; 95% CI, − 0.05 to 0.00) and living close to a river with a high prevalence of liver fluke infection (coefficient, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.14 to 0.96). Conclusions This study demonstrated geographic variation in liver and gallbladder cancer incidence, which can be explained by determinants such as hepatitis B, income, marital status, and living near a river.

Nonlinearity between CO2 Emission and Economic Development: Evidence from a Functional Coefficient Panel Approach

This paper investigates the nonlinear relationship between CO2 emission and economic development using a newly developed functional coefficient panel model. In contrast to the existing literature, which suggests that the income elasticity of CO2 emission is parametrically modeled as a function of income, the income coefficient of CO2 emission is set as a function of both income and time. Then, we estimate the income elasticity in a nonparametric way using the country panel data covering 1971–2017. By doing so, we impose richer dynamics to the income elasticity not only over income but also over time. Our empirical results indicate that the income elasticity has decreased over time for high-income countries, whereas it has increased over time for low-income countries.

Pengaruh Hasil Investasi, Pendapatan Premi, dan Beban Klaim Terhadap Pertumbuhan Aset pada Asuransi Jiwa yang Terdaftar di Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) Periode Tahun 2014-2017

The purpose of this research was to analyze the effect of investment returns, premium income and claims for the growth of assets life insurance at the Financial Services Authority. The population in this research are life insurance companies on the Financial Services Authority at period 2014-2017. The analyze technique used is multiple linier regression.The results of calculations with the F test of 7.168 with growth of assets 0.000 means that simultan investment returns, premium income and claims affect the growth of assets. The results of calculations with the t test of the coefficient of investment returns of -3,294 with a significance level of 0.001 smaller than 0.05 then there is the effect of investment returns on the growth of assets, the value of the premium income coefficient of 4,564 with a significance level of 0,000 less than 0.05 then there is an influence of premium income on the growth of assets, and the claims coefficient value of -3,617 with a significance level of 0,000 less than 0.05, there is an influence of the claims on the growth of assets.

RISIKO PENDAPATAN PADA USAHATANI JERUK SIAM DI KABUPATEN SAMBAS

This study aims to determine the income, income risk and the factors that affecting the income risk of citrus farming in Sambas district. The data used in this study is the cross sectional from 106 farmers in Sambas district. Analysis of the data using the formula of farm income, coefficient of variation and residual squared of income function model. The result showed that the value of average income of citrus farming per hectare per year is Rp 18,492,410 million. Variability of the average value at income risk of citrus farmers is 0.809 or 80.9%. The variable that decreases the income risk is managerial capabilities while the variables which increases the income risk of citrus farming are size farm and the price of NPK fertilizer. Keywords: Risk, Income, Citrus Farming

Optimal Maintenance Interval for Wind Turbine Gearbox

A maintenance interval optimization model for wind turbine gearbox considering the maximization component profit per unit time was presented in this paper. First, the principle and configuration of gearbox were introduced, and the failure characteristic is analyzed as well as the failure rate distribution of components in gearbox. Then, the concept of component income coefficient λ and element utilizing rate per unit time U(t) were given. λ describes the proportion that component takes up the total income of wind turbine electric power sale，and U(t) represents the average income per unit time to wind turbine electric power sale during 0~t. Based on above two concepts the model of optimizing maintenance interval was proposed. Last, the paper used the proposed method to evaluate wind turbine gearbox maintenance interval in an actual wind farm. The simulating results indicates that the component profits per unit time for gears, intermediate speed shaft bearings and high speed shaft bearings increases by 16.88%, 30.26% and 32.59% respectively.