Determining the influence of the microstructure and phase composition of glass-metal-ceramic coatings on their basic physical-technical properties

Given the development of new heat-resistant nickel alloys that operate at temperatures up to 1,250 °C, as well as the introduction of additive technologies for the production of various parts, it is a relevant task to devise new compositions of highly heat-resistant coatings. Determining the influence of the phase composition of glass-metal-ceramic coatings on its basic properties could improve the effectiveness of protecting those parts that operate under extreme conditions. Therefore, it is promising to conduct a study aimed at establishing the relationship between the microstructure and phase composition of glass-metal-ceramic coatings and the main physical-technical characteristics. This study's results have established that the most high-quality coatings were obtained on the basis of non-crystallizing glass. Such glass is characterized by a temperature coefficient of linear expansion of 92·10-7 degrees-1, a glass transition temperature of 625 °C, and surface tension of 260·10-3 N/m at 850 °C. These properties contribute to the formation of a defect-free coating, providing uniform spreading and high-quality adhesion to the substrate. The resulting optimal coating is characterized by the adhesion strength of 98 %, the thermal resistance (mode 950↔20 °C) of 50 cycles, and the high heat resistance (a weight gain after 100 h in the temperature range of 1,000‒1,050 °C) of 0.03 g/m2·h. Coatings with a minimum amount of glass bonding are distinguished by uniformity and high quality. The optimal ratio of phases "glass:metal-ceramic composition" is 10:90. The structure of the recommended coating is uniform, characterized by the homogeneous distribution of components, the absence of cracks, visible defects, and high quality. The phase composition of the coating after firing is represented by crystals of metallic nickel and silicon, as well as a small amount of residual glass phase.

Hydrogel Alginate Seed Coating as an Innovative Method for Delivering Nutrients at the Early Stages of Plant Growth

Seed coating containing fertilizer nutrients and plant growth biostimulants is an innovative technique for precision agriculture. Nutrient delivery can also be conducted through multilayer seed coating. For this purpose, sodium alginate with NPK, which was selected in a preliminary selection study, crosslinked with divalent ions (Cu(II), Mn(II), Zn(II)) as a source of fertilizer micronutrients, was used to produce seed coating. The seeds were additionally coated with a solution containing amino acids derived from high-protein material. Amino acids can be obtained by alkaline hydrolysis of mealworm larvae (Gly 71.2 ± 0.6 mM, Glu 55.8 ± 1.3 mM, Pro 48.8 ± 1.5 mM, Ser 31.4 ± 1.5 mM). The formulations were applied in different doses per 100 g of seeds: 35 mL, 70 mL, 105 mL, and 140 mL. SEM-EDX surface analysis showed that 70 mL of formulation/100 g of seeds formed a continuity of coatings but did not result in a uniform distribution of components on the surface. Extraction tests proved simultaneous low leaching of nutrients into water (max. 10%), showing a slow release pattern. There occurred high bioavailability of fertilizer nutrients (even up to 100%). Pot tests on cucumbers (Cornichon de Paris) confirmed the new method’s effectiveness, yielding a 50% higher fresh sprout weight and four times greater root length than uncoated seeds. Seed coating with hydrogel has a high potential for commercial application, stimulating the early growth of plants and thus leading to higher crop yields.

TO SOME DERIVATION ISOGLOSSES OF SUBSTANTIVE COMPOSITES IN THE IBERIAN-CAUCASIAN LANGUAGES

This article deals with a comparative analysis of compound derivational isoglosses in the Iberian-Caucasian languages. Maximizing the specificity of composite word formation in the studied languages and dialects, the morphological positions in which the structural models of compounds are implemented, are considered, and the reconstruction of the order of the components in the compoundings is presented. In addition, it is suggested that the correlation and distribution of components have historically been dominated by socially more relevant nouns. Along with this, it turns out that in the study of compounds, structural and semantic parallels are mostly distinguished by coordination compounds.

Stress-Strength Parameter Estimation under Small Sample Size: A Testing Hypothesis Approach

In this paper, uniformly most powerful unbiased test for testing the stress-strength model has been presented for the first time. The end of the paper is recommending a method which is appropriate for no large data where a normal asymptotic distribution is not applicable. The previous methods for inference on stress-strength models use almost all the asymptotic properties of maximum likelihood estimators. The distribution of components is considered exponential and generalized logistic. A corresponding unbiased confidence interval is constructed, too. We compare presented methodology with previous methods and show the method of this paper is logically better than other methods. Interesting result is that our recommended method not only uses from small sample size but also has better result than other ones.

Studying the distribution patterns, dynamics and influencing factors of city functional components by gradient analysis

Understanding the spatial distribution characteristics and formation mechanism of urban facilities (city functional components) constitutes the basis of urban layout optimization. Currently, research on the overall distribution of the various types of city functional components is lacking. In this study, by applying the gradient analysis method common in ecology, we considered 13 types of city functional components (80,214 individuals in total) in large, medium and small Chinese cities (9 cities in total) to carry out quantitative analysis of the distribution of components along urban–rural gradients through density distribution curves. The results indicated that: (1) a higher density of city functional components near the city centre revealed an obvious aggregated distribution; (2) the spatial distribution dynamics of city functional components were related to the city size, providing a reference for the rational distribution of components in cities of different sizes; (3) the distribution of city functional components was affected by their ecosystem services. This study offers a new perspective for the application of ecological methods in the examination of the distribution of city functional components.

On the Issue of Alloying and Modification of Alloys: Using the Waste Products for Creation of Novel Materials

At the large and powerful industrial (private or state) enterprises of the world, particularly, Kazakhstan, RF, and some other post-Soviet (and not only) countries, the products are manufactured using obsolete technologies with high wastes’ generation. At that, the storage and warehousing are unorganized and technically unreasonable (wastes of different chemical compositions and hazard class are mixed) that does not allow their further efficient recycling. Increased processing of many industrial and household wastes is not only economical, but also considerably improves the environmental situation, significantly reduces the consumption of natural raw materials, and reduces the use of scarce lands for waste storage [1]. The authors of this article carried out a literary review on this topic and attempted to use microsilica, as a waste of silicon production, to create new materials with special properties. This refers to the field of experimental study of structures, phases, structural components for understanding the processes of alloying, modification, diffusion, etc. Understanding physical thinking from the metal physics point of view in the study of the nature and kinetics of the phase transformations, alloying, and modification processes enables using the physical research methods to solve research and technological problems in metallurgy and materials science in order to predict and change the required set of properties. The method of research in this article is electron microscopy as the simplest and fastest method of obtaining information about the microstructure, elemental composition, and distribution of components in the bulk.

ON THE QUESTION OF WAYS OF MOVEMENT CELLS AND SECRETS BY CHANNEL CHANNELS AND DUCTS

To substantiate the possible relationship of the parameters of homeostasis of the concentration of Ca2+, K+, Na+ and the mass of organic and inorganic substances secreted synthesized еt by the tissues of the genital system of males and females (bull – sperm plasma; cow – vaginal mucus), with passive and/or by active methods of movement of sperm and ova through their channels and ducts, the peculiarities of the distribution of components of open and closed systems of the type "environment – cell (substance)" were investigated. Methods of spectrophotometric (flame photometry, Flapho-4) and gravimetric (combustion, extraction, elimination) analysis of the studied samples experimentally established that the adaptive response of sperm to the protective and/or harmful effects of extreme conditions (concentration, temperature, properties of protective environment components). Sperm preservation (TCS) is different. Depending on those (exo-) or other (endogenous) circumstances, the antiportic way of moving ions can change to symportic. The peculiarities of the parameters of concentration and mass of the components of the studied systems revealed in this connection indicate that the fractions of aqueous extracts (PVE) of tissues and secretions of bull and cow, at different functional states of genitals (norm, pathology), have different concentrations of free of bound alkali metal ions, mass and content of substances of their dry residue eliminated in distilled water and insoluble (water, acids). The limit of the difference of the ratio of the ratio (IC:1) of the concentration of one- (Ca2+:Ca2+, K+:K+, Na+:Nа+) and different (Na+:Ca2+, K+:Ca2+, Na+:K+) pairs of ions indicates that that the limit of osmotic pressure parameters of the organic and inorganic components of samples of tissues of genitals, sperm and uterine-vaginal mucus can also be different. This suggests that different parameters of osmotic pressure of the components of the synthesized secretions and the formed sperm and eggs create (initiate, stimulate, inhibit) favorable conditions for their passive and/or active movement through the channels and ducts of the genitals. However, it should be added that the proposed hypothesis requires discussion and experimental confirmation.