Features of the anatomy of the leaves of Laurocerasus officinalis M. Roem.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu.S. Cheryatova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Spongy Mesophyll ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Stomatal Apparatus ◽  
Main Vein

The article presents the results of microscopic analysis of the leaves of L. officinalis. The main anatomical and diagnostic features that can be used in identifying and evaluating the authenticity of medicinal plant raw materials are established. Analysis of the anatomical structure showed that the leaves of L. officinalis are dorsoventral; the leaf plastic is hypostomatic, and the stomatal apparatus is anomocytic. The main vein of the leaf blade and petiole is represented by a bicollateral conducting bundle. Idioblasts represented by round- shaped essential oil cells were first identified in the columnar and spongy mesophyll of the leaf and petiole. Single diamond-shaped crystals and calcium oxalate druses were also found in the leaves. The information obtained can serve as a basis for the development of the section "Microscopy" in the draft regulatory documentation.

STUDY OF MICROSCOPIC FEATURES OF TANACETUM SANTOLINA PLANT

2022 ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
М.С. Жанибек ◽  
К.К. Орынбасарова
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Plant Fibers ◽  
Oil Glands ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Diagnostic Signs

В данной статье представлены результаты микроскопического исследования особенностей анатомического строения (листья, цветки) растения пижмы сантолинной (Tanacetum Santolina). Цель работы: изучение анатомического строения надземных органов, определение подлинности и отличия от других видов. Материалы и методы: объект исследования - цветки пижмы сантолинной, собранные в период цветения в мае 2020 года в предгорных равнинах Каратау. Микроскопическое исследование цветков пижмы сантолинной проводилось в соответствии с требованиями государственной фармакопеи Республики Казахстан. С помощью микроскопа Биолам-5 изучался объект с увеличением от х40 до х400. Исследование срезов и создание микрорисунков проводили с помощью цифрового камерного тринокулярного микроскопа «МТ300L» (Япония) (увеличенный 7х1,5х4,5; 7х1,5х8; 7х1,5х40). Результаты и обсуждения: изучены диагностические признаки для определения цельного сырья: диагностические признаки листьев, форма клеток эпидермиса, тип аппарата устьиц, строение волосков и эфирномасличных желез; формы оксалата кальция. Выводы: проведен микроскопический анализ цветков пижмы сантолинной. Для определения подлинности этого сырья были выявлены анатомодиагностические признаки. Во всех частях растения встречаются одноклеточные волоски и пучковые волокна. На обеих частях листовой пластины хорошо видны волокна и волоски, устьица, пигментные полости. Кристаллы оксалата кальция, находятся в мезофильных полостях листа. В цветках оксалат кальция встречается только в виде четырехугольного кристалла. На анатомическом признаке измельченного сырья видны эфирномасличные железки. Форма эфирно-масличных желез обнаруживает основные диагностические признаки цветков и листьев пижмы сантолинной. Анатомические характеристики позволяют повысить уровень стандартизации, дальнейшее изучение лекарственного растительного сырья This article presents the results of a microscopic study of the anatomical structure (leaves, flowers) of the Santolina’s tansy plant (Tanacetum Santolina). The purpose of the work: to study the anatomical structure of aerial organs, to determine authenticity and differences from other species. Materials and methods: the object of research is the flowers of Santolina’s tansy collected during the flowering period in May 2020 in the foothill plains of Karatau. Microscopic examination of the flowers of Santolina’s tansy was carried out in accordance with the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Using a Biolam-5 microscope with magnification from x40 to x400 an object was studied. The study of sections and the creation of micro-nozzles was carried out using a digital chamber trinocular microscope "MT300L" (Japan) (enlarged 7x1.5x4.5; 7x1.5x8; 7x1.5x40). Results and discussions: diagnostic signs for the determination of whole raw materials were studied: diagnostic signs of leaves, the shape of epidermis cells, the type of stomatal apparatus, the structure of hairs and essential oil glands; forms of calcium oxalate. Conclusions: microscopic analysis of flowers of Santolina’s tansy was carried out. Anatomical and diagnostic signs were identified to determine the authenticity of this raw material. Unicellular hairs and beam fibers are found in all parts of the plant. Fibers and hairs, stomata, pigment cavities are clearly visible on both parts of the leaf plate. Calcium oxalate crystals are located in the mesophilic cavities of the leaf. In flowers, calcium oxalate occurs only in the form of a quadrangular crystal. On the anatomical feature of the crushed raw materials, essential oil glands are visible. The shape of the essential oil glands reveals the main diagnostic signs of flowers and leaves of santolina tansy. Anatomical characteristics make it possible to increase the level of standardization, further study of medicinal plant raw materials.

scholarly journals Identification of anise (Anisum vulgare Gaertn.) herbs by morphological and anatomical characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
S. V. Kolisnyk ◽  
T. M. Gontova ◽  
U. A. Umarov ◽  
K. R. Hordiei
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Professional Literature ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
Normative Documentation ◽  
First Time

The fruits of anise contain different classes of biologically active compounds, due to which they have antidepressant, antiperoxidant, antidiabetic effect; extracts of this plant have an antibacterial effect. Professional literature lacks information on the chemical composition of anise herbs and prospects for their use in medicine. The aim of the work is to study of the morphological and anatomical structure of the aboveground organs of anise and to establish of macro- and microscopic diagnostic characters necessary for the identification of the plant raw materials. Materials and methods. Anise herbs consisting of stems, leaves flowers, and unripe fruits were used for the study. Fresh and dried raw materials were macroscopically analyzed with the naked eye and using a magnifying glass (×10). Studies of transverse and longitudinal sections, epidermis and surface preparations were performed using conventional techniques: with microscopes MBS 9, MS 10 (glasses ×5, ×10, ×15, lenses ×10, ×40), Micromed XS-4130 (eyepiece WF15X, lenses ×40/0.65, ×10/0.25) with a photomicrographic attachment. The micrographs were taken with Samsung PL50 camera. Results. As a result of the macro- and microscopic analysis, diagnostic properties of anise herbs were established. Conclusions. It is for the first time that macro- and microscopic characteristics of anise herbs were studied, which confirms the identity of raw materials. The obtained results will be used for the development of domestic normative documentation on anise herbs raw materials.

On the diagnostics of Adonis L. species (Ranunculaceae) of the Russian flora

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Luferov
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Scientific Medicine ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
Alternative Sources

The article provides brief information about cardiotonic, sedative, cytostatic, diuretic, and antibacterial effects of biologically active compounds of Adonis L. (Ranunculaceae) species. Chemical studies allowed to identify the cardiac glycosides, or cardenolides: or cardenolides: adontoxin, adonitol, adonitoxigenin, acetyldigitoxin and others. In scientific medicine, it is currently allowed to use Adonis vernalis L. Other types of Adonis have a similar chemical composition and are offered as substitutes for this official species, for example, Adonis apennina L. Many Adonis species have limited natural resources, and in some regions are rare, requiring conservation of their natural populations. The search for alternative sources of medicinal plant raw materials, based on this, is relevant. The experimental part of our research was carried out using the morphological and geographical method with the involvement of information on ecology and phenology. For the first time summarizes the diagnostic features of Adonis flora of Russian flora. Previously unknown structural features (shape and size of anthers) were identified that characterize the subgenera Adonanthe and Adonis. Taxonomic study of the genus Adonis of the Russian flora allowed us to determine its species composition, clarify its systematic affiliation, and nomenclature synonyms. 9 species were identified. Of these, 6 are perennials belonging to the subgenus Adonanthe, section Consiligo, which includes 2 subsections: Amurenses (2 species) and Vernales, which is differentiated into 2 rows: Apenninae (2 species) and Vernales (2 species). Subgenus Adonis is represented by 2 sections: Adonis (1 species) and Lophocarpa with sections Aestivales (1 species) and Dentatae (1 species). For all the considered species and varieties, the main distribution areas are given. A key has been compiled to determine the wild Adonis species distributed in Russia.

scholarly journals Comparative pharmakognostical study of roots of Rosa Majalis Herrm. and Rosa Canina L.

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Tetiana Oproshanska ◽  
Olga Khvorost ◽  
Kateryna Skrebtsova ◽  
Konradas Vitkevicius
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Rosa Canina ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
Boundary Limits

The aim is to conduct a comparative pharmacognostical study of the series of roots of Rosa (R.) majalis Herrm. and Rosa (R.) canina L. with the establishment of diagnostic features of morphological and anatomical structure and boundary limits of numerical indicators of raw materials. Materials and methods. The fresh and dry raw materials were used to study the macroscopic microscopic features by microscope Delta optical BioLight 300 (Poland). Determination of total polyphenols was performed by spectrophotometry (on a spectrophotometer Optizen POP (Korea)) and HPLC (chromatograph an Agilent 1200 3 D LC System Technologies (USA)). Results. The morphological (nature of the surface (periderm) and fracture) and anatomical (color of cell walls and their cavities; location of the sclerenchyma; the presence of a crystalline coating of the sclerenchyma at the root of R. canina; of various elements of the remains of the tetraarchic conducting bundle in the center of the root) diagnostical features of roots of R. majalis and R. Canina were established. Comparing the numerical values of loss on drying (not more than 10 %), total ash (not more than 5 %), extractable matter (not less than 9 %) and the quantitative content of total polyphenols (not less than 4 %) it was determined that both types of raw materials according to these indicators are almost indistinguishable. Conclusions. Loss on drying, total ash, extractable matter and content of total polyphenols of the root of R. majalis and R. canina do not have significant differences, that is why the root of both plant species can be used as medicinal plant raw materials such as “Rose root”. The obtained data will be used in further research when creating methods of quality control of plant raw materials and phytomedicines

scholarly journals The utility of Bambusoideae (Poaceae, Poales) leaf blade anatomy for identification and systematics

2016 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 708-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Leandro ◽  
R. T. Shirasuna ◽  
T. S. Filgueiras ◽  
V. L. Scatena
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Bundle ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Subsidiary Cell ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Bulliform Cells ◽  
Herbaceous Bamboos ◽  
Stomatal Apparatus ◽  
Woody Bamboos

Abstract Bambusoideae is a diverse subfamily that includes herbaceous (Olyreae) and woody (Arundinarieae and Bambuseae) bamboos. Species within Bambusae are particularly difficult to identify due to their monocarpic lifecycle and the often long durations between mass flowering events; whereas the herbaceous bamboos are pluricarpic, but often are found with no reproductive structures. The leaf blade anatomy of 16 sympatric species of native Brazilian bamboos (Olyreae and Bambuseae) from the Atlantic Rainforest was studied in order to detect useful features for their identification. All the studied species share the following features: epidermis with a single stratum of cells; adaxial bulliform cells; mesophyll with arm cells, rosette cells, and fusoid cells; and collateral vascular bundles. Herbaceous bamboos share two features: papillae scattered on the abaxial surface and parallel-sided arrays of bulliform cells; whereas woody bamboos share: centrally organized papillae and fan-shaped arrays of bulliform cells. Also within the woody bamboos, intercostal fibers and a midrib with only one vascular bundle (simple midrib) characterize the subtribe Arthrostylidiinae; whereas a midrib with more than one vascular bundle (complex midrib) and a stomatal apparatus with two pappilae per subsidiary cell characterize the subtribe Chusqueinae. There are also diagnostic features for the sampled species, such as: papillae shape, and the outline and structure of the midrib. An identification key for all the studied species is provided based on the anatomical features.

scholarly journals MICROMORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE AERIAN ORGANES OF MARRUBIUM ALYSSON L. FROM FLORA OF TUNISIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 462-474
Author(s):  
F. K. Serebryanaya ◽  
G. Zayer
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Central Vein ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Anatomic Structure ◽  
Histochemical Methods ◽  
Stomatal Apparatus ◽  
Epidermis Structure ◽  
Product Specification ◽  
Micromorphological Analysis

The micromorphological investigations ofMarrubium alysson L.growing on the territory of the Tunisian Republic have been conducted.The aimof the study was to conduct comparative ecological and morphological researches ofMarrubium alyssonaerian parts, to study an anatomical structure of caulifoliary system elements including stems, petioles, leaf margins a structure of the epidermis.Materials and methods.As an object of the research, dried-up herb and herbarium specimens ofMarrubium alysson L., growing on the territory of the Tunisian Republic, were used. The micromorphological investigations were conducted by morphological and histochemical methods.Results and discussion.Comparative ecological and morphological researches have been conducted. The anatomic structure of the elements of the caulifoliary system including stems, petioles, leaf margins has been studied. The anatomic structure of the epidermis has been studied, too. The diacytic type of the stomatal apparatus, numerous branched trichomes with multicellular basis, located both on top and lower leaf parts have been found out. The conducted researches are a fragment of complex researches of perspective raw plants of Tunisian flora.Conclusion. Comparative eсological and micromorphological researches have been conducted, the anatomic structure of the stems, petioles, leaf margins, and also the epidermis structure of top and lower leaf parts has been also carried out. The diacytic type of the stomatal apparatus, trichomes with multicellular basis located both on top and lower leaf parts have been found out. The collenchyme is located in the subepidermal zone of a stem, petioles and in the zone of the central vein of a limb. The revealed signs can be included into product specification files on herbal raw materials

Comparative morphoanatomical studies of south eastern Nigerian representatives of Oldenlandia L. (Rubiaceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-118
Author(s):  
Chimezie Ekeke ◽  
Chinedum Alozie Oagzie ◽  
Josephine Agogbua
Keyword(s):  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Spongy Mesophyll ◽  
Leaf Vein ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Edo State ◽  
Endodermal Cells ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
Agricultural Farm

Leaf and stem anatomical structure of the four Oldenlandia L. (O. affinis (Roem. & Schult.) DC., O. corymbosa L., O. herbacea (Linn.) Roxb., and O. lancifolia (Schumach) DC.) from some parts viz. Ogbokor (Edo State), Obiga-Asa (Abia State), IITA staion Onne (Rivers State), and Agricultural farm Uniport (Rivers State) Nigeria were examined by light microscopy. The epidermal cells are pentagonal to polygonal with straight, curved or wavy anticlinal walls, and paracytic stomata. All the species have dorsiventral leaf with the leaf vein vascular bundles embedded in the spongy mesophyll. The midribs vascular bundles form an arc enclosed by parenchymatous endodermal cells. O. herabcea is amphistomatic while the other species are hypostomatic. Raphide bundles were seen only in the lamina of O. corymbosa. Tuft hair is absent in O. herbacea but occurred on the adaxial leaf surfaces of O. affinis, O. corymbosa, and O. diffusa. The stem of O. diffusa is terete while other species have quadrangular stem. Papillae occurred on the adaxial epidermis of O. affinis and O. corymbosa. The stem pith thickness (PT)/cortical thickness (ET) ratio varied among the species. Notable diagnostic features in these species include the PT/ET ratio, layers of cortex in the stem, occurrence of tuft hairs on the leaf veins and surface, presence or absence of raphides and papillose, layer of abaxial and adaxial cortex in the midrib, and amphistomatatic or hypostomatic leaf.

scholarly journals Morphological and anatomical properties of Veronica crista-galli Steven

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Nigar Hidayet Pashayeva ◽  
Tahir Abbasali Suleymanov ◽  
Yusif Balakerim Kerimov ◽  
Eldar Kocheri Gasimov ◽  
Fuad Huseynali Rzayev
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Picric Acid ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Sponge Tissue ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Diagnostic Signs ◽  
Plant Raw Material ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Tem Method

The aim of this work was to study of diagnostic signs of the morphological and anatomical structure of Veronica crista-galli Steven. from the flora of Azerbaijan. Materials and methods. The samples for research were collected during their flowering time in June 2018, in the Ismailli region of the Republic of Azerbaijan. Plant samples were fixed in a solution made in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH=7.4), containing 2.5 % glutar-aldehyde, 2.5 % paraformal-aldehyde and 0.1 % picric acid. In the next stage was the preparation of block and their filling in Araldite – Epon according to the TEM method. Results. The leaf is simple, lower part is short-petiolate and upper is sessile. The surface, on both sides of the leaf, is reliefly, and 7–8 conductive veins are clearly visible. The lower and upper sides of the leaf, and also margin, are strewn with multicellular hairs. The calyx of the flower consists of two sepals which grown together at the base, covered with simple multicellular hairs. The stalk in is a long filiform. The corolla of flower consists of 4 petals which grown together at the base and 2 stamens attached to the tube of the corolla. On the epidermis, cells with sinuous and bead-like walls, numerous stomata of the stavrocytic type, capitate hairs are visible. From the cross section of the leaf, it is visible that palisade tissue at the upper and sponge tissue at the bottom. Conclusions. As a result of morphological and anatomical studies, it was revealed that diagnostic signs of plant raw material can be: Present of multicellular hairs on the leaf blade; The location of the capsule between the sepals; Stavrocytic type of the stoma structure; The bead-like walls of the epidermis; Capitate hairs on the epidermis; Sepals covered by hairs. The established anatomical diagnostic features can be used for the drafting of the normative document on the plant raw materials and for identification of plant raw material of Veronica crista-galli

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES CONTENT IN THE LEAVES AND FRUITS OF A ROWAN-TREE (SORBUS AUCUPARIA FRUCTUS) AND ASSESSMENT OF PROSPECTS IN MEDICINE AND PHARMACY

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
Chernichkina A.D.
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Mountain Ash ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Pectin Substances

A large number of biologically active substances, organic acids, tannins, and pectin substances were detected during the study of fruits, leaves, and pulp of the fruits of mountain Ash. The content of these substances in leaves and pulp will significantly expand the arsenal of medicinal plant raw materials used. Given the wide distribution of mountain Ash in the territory of the Russian Federation, harvesting leaves from the same plants after harvesting the fruit and using pulp will make it possible to obtain new phytopreparations.

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