Effect of cytokinins on growth and phenylpropanoid accumulation in Tartary buckwheat sprouts (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)

This study analyzed the effect of plant hormones, zeatin, 6-benzyl amino purine (BAP), kinetin, and thidiazuron (TDZ) on the growth of Tartary buckwheat sprouts and analyzed the fresh weight, shoot and root length, and production of phenolic compounds. All the hormone-treated plants at the lowest concentration (0.1 mg/L) showed the highest levels of growth parameters (fresh weight, shoot, and root length) when compared to the control. Among the various hormones treatment, the plant treated with 1 mg/L of BAP, kinetin, and zeatin showed the highest total phenolic level, whereas the TDZ showed the highest accumulation of total phenolic at the lowest concentration (0.1 mg/L). A total of 6 compounds were identified (4-hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, rutin, and trans-cinnamic acid) were quantified by high liquid performance chromatography (HPLC) after treatment of plant with different concentrations of hormones. Among these individual phenolic compounds, at the higher hormonal concentration (1 mg/L) the rutin showed the highest accumulation in BAP, zeatin, and kinetin treated sprout, whereas in the TDZ treated sprout the rutin content was highest at the lowest concentration (0.1 mg/L). From these results, it is suggested that BAP, zeatin, and kinetin at the lowest concentrations might positively enhance the growth of buckwheat sprouts, whereas at the highest hormonal treatment the accumulation of the phenolic compounds was higher. However, in TDZ treatment the growth and phenolic compound accumulation were highest at the lowest concentration. From these results, it is showed that suitable concentrations might enhance the growth and phenolic compound accumulation in Tatary buckwheat sprout.

TECHNIQUES IN QUANTIFYING HORMONES IN BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS

Diagnosing a disease leads to proper treatment of a patient. Various diseases are occurred due to hormonal dis-balances within the body. Minor shift of the hormonal concentration within the body fluids, account for various physio-metabolic disruptions. This leads to formation of many diseases. So, regular or periodic diagnosis of the hormones within body fluids are very important in a clinical point of view. To quantify hormones within the body fluids there are a no. of ways to perform. The procedures may be of radioactive principles or non-radioactive ones. These may be Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), Radio-immuno-assay (RIA), Spectroscopy etc. Modern techniques like Time resolved fluorescence, chemiluminescence etc. are also there. Besides, previously used bioassays are there for experimental usage within the laboratory. The ultimate goal is to elevate the speed of sample collection, faster diagnosis of the hormones and thus, proper treatment of the patient by the physician.

Harmonal Variations in Rutual Period in Male Dromadaire (Camelus dromedarius) at Niono’s Agronomic Research Station in Mali

Dromedary farming is one of the important strategies for adapting to climate change in Mali. Nevertheless, controlling dromedary reproduction is still a great challenge for its production enhancement. The present study, which aims to improve knowledge on the male dromedary reproduction physiology, was conducted on Niono Ranch Agronomic Research Station, from December 13, 2014 to February 06, 2015. It focused on 5 males including 1 adult aged 9-10 years and 4 peri-pubescent aged 4 to 5 years. Blood sample was taken in dry tubes after puncture of the jugular vein as follows: 1) in the dominant male, one sample per day in the absence of females in heat and three samples per day in the presence of females in heat were taken; 2) in the non-dominant males, blood sample was taken daily. Thus, 155 samples were collected from the 5 male dromedaries. Blood samples collected were site centrifuged and the serums obtained were kept in a thermoelectric cooler between 4 - 6°C and then transported for storage at -20°C. ELISA Sandwich method was applied to analyze blood samples using the testosterone specific luteinizing hormone (LH) kits. Serum concentrations obtained were 40.17 ± 3.95pg / ml of testosterone and 2.48 ± 0.38 mIU/ml of LH in dominant males against 20.15 ± 1.84pg / ml of testosterone and 1.09 ± 0.18 mIU/ml LH in non-dominant males. Testosterone and LH variations experienced similar evolution in a saw tooth curve form. Hormonal concentration rate influences the fear and aggression reactions that govern social rank. This hormonal rate concentration increases during intense sexual activities both in the dominant and the non-dominant males who attend a mating. This study laid out foundations for the male dromedary management in a camels herd.

Study of Shoot Multiplication of Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa)

Effects of different hormonal concentration on multiple shoot formation of RABI Strawberry-3 were studied. Where the explants were runner tips that cultured on MS basal medium supplemented with 6-Benzyl Adenine and Kinetin. The maximum percentage 80% of shoot was obtained from Benzyl Adenine concentrations of 0.5 mg/l and 1.0 mg/l whereas Kinetin concentrations were 1.5 mg/l and 2.0 mg/l separately. More promising result was found by combining two impressive concentrations of each hormone. When MS basal media was supplemented with Kinetin 2.0mg/l + Benzyl Adenin A 0.5 mg/l, Kinetin 1.5 mg/l + Benzyl Adenine 0.5 mg/l and Kinetin 1.5 mg/l + Benzyl Adenine 1.0 mg/l respectively then 100% shoots were obtained. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v1i1-2.13936 Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 1 (1&2): 69-72, December, 2011

Development of Efficient Callus Initiation of Malta (Citrus sinensis) Through Tissue Culture

The effects of different hormonal concentration on shoot formation and callus induction were studied on BARI Malta-1 (Citrus sinensis). Seeds containing seed coat and without seed coat was treated by Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with 6-benzyl adenine (BA) and Kinetin (KIN). Removal of seed coat showed an early response for shoot formation. The highest (70%) shoot formation was obtained from seeds without seed coat treated with MS basal media + BA 1.0 mg/l while KIN showed no response for shoot formation in any supplemented concentration. However, in case of callus induction internodes and apical shoot tips were used as explants and 2, 4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2, 4-D) was used as callus inducing hormone. MS basal media supplemented with 2, 4-D, 2.0 mg/l showed highest (68%) callus induction. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v1i1-2.13935 Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 1 (1&2): 64-68, December, 2011