Effect of cytokinins on growth and phenylpropanoid accumulation in Tartary buckwheat sprouts (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)

This study analyzed the effect of plant hormones, zeatin, 6-benzyl amino purine (BAP), kinetin, and thidiazuron (TDZ) on the growth of Tartary buckwheat sprouts and analyzed the fresh weight, shoot and root length, and production of phenolic compounds. All the hormone-treated plants at the lowest concentration (0.1 mg/L) showed the highest levels of growth parameters (fresh weight, shoot, and root length) when compared to the control. Among the various hormones treatment, the plant treated with 1 mg/L of BAP, kinetin, and zeatin showed the highest total phenolic level, whereas the TDZ showed the highest accumulation of total phenolic at the lowest concentration (0.1 mg/L). A total of 6 compounds were identified (4-hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, rutin, and trans-cinnamic acid) were quantified by high liquid performance chromatography (HPLC) after treatment of plant with different concentrations of hormones. Among these individual phenolic compounds, at the higher hormonal concentration (1 mg/L) the rutin showed the highest accumulation in BAP, zeatin, and kinetin treated sprout, whereas in the TDZ treated sprout the rutin content was highest at the lowest concentration (0.1 mg/L). From these results, it is suggested that BAP, zeatin, and kinetin at the lowest concentrations might positively enhance the growth of buckwheat sprouts, whereas at the highest hormonal treatment the accumulation of the phenolic compounds was higher. However, in TDZ treatment the growth and phenolic compound accumulation were highest at the lowest concentration. From these results, it is showed that suitable concentrations might enhance the growth and phenolic compound accumulation in Tatary buckwheat sprout.

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Accumulation of Phenolic Compounds and Glucosinolates in Sprouts of Pale Green and Purple Kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes) under Light and Dark Conditions

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11101939 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 1939

Author(s):

Ramaraj Sathasivam ◽

Min Cheol Kim ◽

Hyeon Ji Yeo ◽

Bao Van Nguyen ◽

Soo In Sohn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Brassica Oleracea ◽

Root Length ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Light Treatment ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Light Conditions ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Dark Conditions ◽

Pale Green

Kohlrabi is considered an important dietary vegetable worldwide. In this study, we investigated the growth and accumulation of phenolic compounds (PCs) and glucosinolates in sprouts of pale green and purple kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes) in response to light and dark conditions. Pale green kohlrabi presented high fresh weight and root length irrespective of light treatment, whereas under dark conditions, it presented higher fresh weight and shoot length than purple kohlrabi. In contrast, the root length of both kohlrabies increased markedly under light conditions compared to that under dark conditions. Thirteen PCs and eight glucosinolates were detected and quantified in 10-day-old pale green and purple kohlrabies. In both kohlrabies, the individual and total phenolic levels were much higher under the light treatment than under the dark treatment. Under light and dark conditions, the total phenolic content was 6362.13 and 5475.04 µg/g dry weight in the pale green kohlrabi, respectively, whereas in the purple kohlrabi, it was 10,115.76 and 9361.74 µg/g dry weight, respectively. Dark conditions favored higher accumulation of glucosinolates than light conditions. Progoitrin, neoglucobrassicin, glucoerucin, and 4-methoxyglucobrassicin were the predominant glucosinolates in both kohlrabies and were present in much higher amounts in the pale green kohlrabi. In pale green kohlrabi under dark conditions, the total glucosinolates content was 4.75 and 2.62 times higher than that of the purple kohlrabi under light and dark conditions, respectively. Among individual glucosinolates, in the pale green kohlrabi under the dark condition, progoitrin was found to have the highest content, which was 90.28 and 54.51 times higher than that in the purple kohlrabi under light and dark conditions, respectively. These results show that the phenolic and glucosinolates levels varied widely, and these variations between the two types of kohlrabi under both light and dark conditions were significant. Our findings suggest that light and dark conditions enhance the accumulation of PCs and glucosinolates, respectively, during the development of kohlrabi seedlings.

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Phenolic compound, nutritional and antioxidant profile of pollen collected by the genus melipona in North Eastern Brazil

BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF FOOD TECHNOLOGY ◽

10.1590/1981-6723.07918 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

Author(s):

Rosane Gomes de Oliveira ◽

Sona Jain ◽

Lisiane dos Santos Freitas ◽

Edilson Divino de Araújo

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Phenolic Compound ◽

Cinnamic Acid ◽

Antioxidant Property ◽

Food Supplement ◽

Nutritional Composition ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Eastern Brazil

Abstract The pollen collected by eusocial bees is often reported as being healthy food due to its important nutritional and therapeutic properties. However, studies reporting such properties are rare, especially for pollen collected by the genus Melipona in northeastern Brazil, which is the focus of this research. Pollen from seven species of stingless bees was analysed for its nutritional composition (sugar, lipid, protein and amino acids). The phenolic compound profile was described based on fourteen phenolic compounds (apigenin, kaempferol, luteolin, naringin, rutin, gallic acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, abscisic acid, protocatechuic acid, vanillic acid and trans-cinnamic acid). The antioxidant property was analysed by quantifying of total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids and DPPH. Chromatographic methods were used to identify and quantify the phenolic compounds and amino acids. The pollen samples from the bees under study showed good concentrations of proteins and amino acids and good antioxidant potential. The phenolic compounds luteolin, trans-cinnamic acid and apigenin were identified and described in pollen for the first time. Of the amino acids analysed, asparigine, glutamic acid, leucine and proline showed the highest concentrations. The research related to the theme showed that this is one of the first studies to identify and quantify the phenolic compounds and amino acids in stingless bee pollen, reflecting its importance in therapeutic use and as a food supplement.

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Effects of Different Combination of Growing Media on Growth and Total Phenolic Content in Labisia pumila (Kacip Fatimah)

Journal of Natural Products and Resources ◽

10.30799/jnpr.091.20060201 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 258-261

Author(s):

Md. Ariff Farah Fazwa ◽

Saffie Norhayati ◽

Samsul Bahari Syafiqah Nabilah ◽

Sundara Rajoo Keeren

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Total Phenolic Content ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Abiotic Factors ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Growth Media ◽

Growing Media ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Labisia Pumila

Labisia pumila, locally known in Malaysia as Kacip Fatimah, is highly-prized for its phenols. Phenolic compounds in L. pumila has numerous pharmacological properties such as having anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer potential. The production of phenolic contents in plants is influence by various factor, including abiotic factors such as soil properties. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of different combinations of growing media on the growth and total phenolic content in L. pumila leaves. Six combinations of growing media were used, each using different types of compost that had differing amounts of L. pumila leaves. The plants were grown in all media for a period of six months at FRIM’s nursery. Besides growth performance, the total phenolic content was also determined, six months after planting. There was no significant difference in growth parameters for all treatments, with the exception of control (significantly lower than all treatments). However, the total phenolic content of Treatment 1 (80.6 mg GAE/g) was significantly higher than all other treatments. This can be attributed to the properties of Compost 1 (which was in the growth media of Treatment 1), as it had the highest pH (5.26), the highest potassium concentration (0.7%) and high nitrogen concentrations (1.32%). The composition of Compost 1 was 5 kg dry leaves + 500 g dry Kacip Fatimah + Slow Release Fertilizer (SRF). Results from this study showed that growing media is a key factor that leads to significant increment in phenolic compounds in L. pumila.

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Effect of Oak Chips Application on Phenolic Compounds of Wine Vinegars at Different Maturation Times

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology ◽

10.24925/turjaf.v9i6.1053-1061.4192 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 1053-1061

Author(s):

Mustafa Bayram ◽

Semra Topuz ◽

Cemal Kaya ◽

Rahmi Ertan Anlı

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Methyl Ester ◽

Gallic Acid ◽

Phenolic Compound ◽

Vanillic Acid ◽

Acid Methyl Ester ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Total Phenolic Compound ◽

Oak Chips ◽

Acid Methyl

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of oak chips-supplementations on phenolic compound profiles of grape vinegar samples. Total acidity, volatile acids, non-volatile acids, pH, dry extract, ash, color, alcohol, total phenolic compound, individual phenolic compounds and aroma compounds of un supplemented control (UC) samples and oak chips-supplemented (OCS) samples were analyzed at the 0th, 1st and 3rd months of ageing. Total phenolic compound of UC vinegar samples was measured as 1256.50 mg GAE/L at the end of the 3rd month. Total phenolic compound of OCS vinegar samples was measured as 1521.03 mg GAE/L at the end of the 1st month and as 1470.67 mg GAE/L at the end of the 3rd month. Gallic acid, catechin and vanillic acid contents of UC vinegar samples were respectively measured as 8.43 mg/L, 22.26 mg/L and 1.78 mg/L at the end of the 3rd month. Gallic acid, catechin and vanillic acid contents of OCS vinegar samples were respectively measured as 19.12 mg/L, 17.98 mg/L and 2.58 mg/L at the end of the 3rd month. The 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid methyl ester and 9-octadecanoic acid methyl ester quantities increased at the end of the 3rd month with oak chips-supplementation to ageing process. It was observed that oak chips-supplementation increased total phenolic compound and some individual phenolics of grape vinegar samples.

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(35) The Influence of 1-MCP on Firmness, Soluble Sugar Levels, Chlorogenic Acid, and Total Phenolic Compounds in Ripening Banana Fruit

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1005b ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 1005B-1005

Author(s):

Daniel A. Stanley ◽

Donald J. Huber

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Chlorogenic Acid ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Banana Fruit ◽

Fruit Firmness ◽

Total Phenolic Compounds ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Control Fruit ◽

Sugar Levels

In previous studies, 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) was shown to significantly suppress peel degreening and appearance of senescent spotting of banana fruit (Stanley and Huber, 2004). In the present study, the effect of the ethylene antagonist on banana pulp soluble sugar levels and on peel soluble and total phenolics was measured. One hundred and sixty hands (10 boxes) of banana fruit (Musaacuminata cv. Cavendish) were treated with ethylene (300 μL·L-1, 24 h, 15 °C, 90% RH) at a commercial ripening facility in Bradenton, Fla., and transported by truck (15 °C) to the University of Florida. Fruit were sorted and placed in 174-L ripening chambers, where 80 hands received 500 nL·L-1 1-MCP for two 12-h periods at 18 °C, while the other 80 hands (controls) were maintained in identical containers without 1-MCP for equal time periods at 18 °C. Mean whole fruit firmness in both treatment groups was 140 N and decreased to 15 N (controls) and 30 N (1-MCP) by day 12. Soluble sugars in the pulp of control fruit achieved levels between 160–180 mg·g-1 fresh weight by day 8, while 1-MCP treated fruit required about 12 days to achieve similar soluble sugar levels. Total phenolic compounds present in peel tissue of control and 1-MCP treated fruit required 10 and 14 days, respectively, to achieve levels of about 4000 μg·g-1 fresh weight. Chlorogenic acid levels, a subset of total peel phenolic compounds, peaked above 500 μg·g-1 by day 10 in control fruit and by day 12 in 1-MCP treated fruit. Maintenance of fruit firmness along with the achievement of acceptable sugar levels of 1-MCP treated fruit demonstrate possible benefits of suppression of ethylene action for retail and processing markets for banana fruit.

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Comparative Study on Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activities of Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) Strobile Extracts

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants11010135 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 135

Author(s):

Jae Il Lyu ◽

Jaihyunk Ryu ◽

Kyoung-Sun Seo ◽

Kyung-Yun Kang ◽

Sang Hoon Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Phenolic Compound ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Water Extract ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Antioxidant Property ◽

Flavonoid Compound ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Extraction Solvent

In this study, we investigated the phenolic compounds in hop strobile extracts and evaluated their antioxidant property using DPPH and ABTS assay. The total phenolic compound (TPC) and total flavonoid compound (TFC) estimated in two different solvent extracts considerably varied depending on the extraction solvent. The most abundant phenolic compound in hop strobile was humulones (α-acid) with levels ranging from 50.44 to 193.25 µg/g. El Dorado accession revealed higher antioxidant activity in ethanol extracts (DPPH: IC50 124.3 µg/mL; ABTS: IC50 95.4 µg/mL) when compared with that of the other accessions. Correlations between DPPH (IC50) scavenging TFC in ethanol extract (TFC_E, −0.941), and TPC_E (−0.901), and between ABTS (IC50) scavenging TFC_E (−0.853), and TPC_E (−0.826), were statistically significant at p < 0.01 level, whereas no significant correlation was observed between antioxidant activities, TPC and TFC in water extract. This study is the first to report that variations in the level of phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of various hop cultivars depended on the type of extraction solvent used and the cultivation regions. These results could provide valuable information on developing hop products.

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Cambuci: a native fruit from the Brazilian Atlantic forest showed nutraceutical characteristics

Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura ◽

10.1590/0100-29452018666 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 40 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tatiane de Oliveira Tokairin ◽

Aline Priscilla Gomes da Silva ◽

Poliana Cristina Spricigo ◽

Severino Matias de Alencar ◽

Angelo Pedro Jacomino

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Atlantic Forest ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Brazilian Atlantic Forest ◽

Fruit Pulp ◽

Total Phenolic Compounds ◽

Fresh Weight

Abstract The Atlantic Forest is recognized as a biome rich in biodiversity. Cambuci trees (Campomanesia phaea) produce fruits that may be consumed as both fresh and processed forms but are still underutilized. The aim of this study was to describe the physicochemical characteristics and bioactive compounds in cambuci fruits from Brazilian Atlantic Forest, located at Natividade da Serra-SP, Brazil. Cambuci fruits of the fifty-nine accessions were characterized according to fresh weight, pulp yield, peel percentage, longitudinal and transversal diameters (LD and TD, respectively), pH, soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), SSC/TA ratio, ascorbic acid, total phenolic compounds content, and antioxidant activity using the DPPH assay. The soluble solids contents varied from 5.10 °Brix to 11.00 °Brix. The titratable acidity varied from 1.29 to 2.90 g citric acid 100 g-1. Ascorbic acid content was of 31.12 to 139.38 mg 100 g-1. Total phenolic compounds varied from 330.5 mg GAE 100 g-1 to 3,526.04 mg GAE 100 g-1. The antioxidant activity was of 65.03 µmol Trolox g-1 fruit pulp (fresh weight) to 199.78 µmol Trolox g-1 fruit pulp (fresh weight), a factor of 6.7 difference between the extremes. These results showed cambuci fruits presented as rich source of ascorbic acid, total phenolic compounds, and with high antioxidant capacity.

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BIO-HERBICIDAL EFFICIENCY OF WITHANIA SOMNIFERA AGAINST IMPORTANT HIMALAYAN WEEDS

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i3.14740 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 88

Author(s):

Mamta Sharma ◽

Rupinder Kaur ◽

Sunil Puri

Keyword(s):

Weed Management ◽

Root Length ◽

Withania Somnifera ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Stem Length ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Germination And Growth

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the bioherbicidal activity of Withania somnifera against germination and growth of noxious weeds of Himalaya i.e. Ageratum coenyzoides, Chenopodium album and Achyranthus aspera in a laboratory and foliar spray bioassay which will act as a tool of weed management in the Himalayan region.Methods: Root, stem and leaf aqueous extract of Withania somnifera at 100% concentration were applied to determine their effect on the seed germination and seedling growth of tested weeds under laboratory condition. Foliar spray bioassay was carried out by spraying extracts of Withania somnifera on three-month-old seedlings of weeds for two months. Germination and growth of weeds were assessed using growth parameters into account i.e. germination percentage, stem length, root length, fresh weight, dry weight, no of shoot branches and no of root branches.Results: The results revealed that all the aqueous extracts markedly suppressed germination and seedling growth of A. coenyzoides, C. album and A. aspera. Withania extracts remarkably effected germination, the growth of Ageratum coenyzoides in comparison to other studied weeds. The leaf extract of Withania was more pronounced than stem and root extracts in germination assay. Infoliarspray bioassay, aqueous leaf extracts of 100% w/v concentrations were sprayed on three month old seedlings of weeds at an interval of 5 d. All the aqueous extracts significantly suppressed shoot length, root length, fresh weight and dry weight of Ageratum coenyzoides, Chenopodium album and Achyranthus aspera seedling. In foliar spray bioassay, leaf extract suppressed the stem length, root length, fresh weight, dry weight, no. of root branches and no of shoot branches of studied weeds more commendably than stem and root extract. The suppression of growth parameters could be attributed to the presence of phytochemicals present in the extracts of Withaniasomnifera.Conclusion: The present study concludes that Withania somnifera contain bio-herbicidal compounds in leaf, stem and root as plant extracts adversely affect weed growth of studied weeds. Henceforth the strategy bio-control of weed is a safe and effective method which could prove a milestone in weed management in Mid-Himalaya.

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Extraction, Analysis, and Antioxidant Activity Evaluation of Phenolic Compounds in Different Italian Extra-Virgin Olive Oils

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules23123249 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (12) ◽

pp. 3249 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Chiara Fanali ◽

Susanna Della Posta ◽

Alessandra Vilmercati ◽

Laura Dugo ◽

Marina Russo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Phenolic Compound ◽

Limit Of Detection ◽

Total Concentration ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Virgin Olive Oils ◽

Olive Oils ◽

Italian Regions ◽

Compound Concentration

The analysis of phenolic compounds in extra virgin olive oils was carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography utilizing photodiode array and mass spectrometry detectors. The chromatographic profile of thirty samples from four Italian Regions highlighted the presence of secoiridoids, phenolic alcohols, flavonoids, and phenolic acid classes. A similar qualitative profile was observed with some differences in peak area and fifteen compounds were tentatively identified. Quantitative analysis was performed by UV detection considering eight standard phenolic compounds. The chromatographic method, after optimization, was validated studying some parameters, e.g., intra-day and inter-day retention time precision, limit of detection, limit of quantification, and linearity. Recovery of the method was performed achieving good results (10 and 50 g·g−1 with recovery of 72.9–92.1% (w/w) and 79.1–102.8% (w/w), respectively). In all samples secoiridoids were the main compounds ranging from 85 to more than 99% (w/w) of the total concentration of detected phenolic compounds while phenolic acids accounted for the lowest percentage (0.1–0.6%, w/w). Finally, total concentration of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity were determined with different chemical assays. A good and significant correlation among total phenolic compound concentration and antioxidant activity was observed. A significant different phenolic compound concentration and antioxidant activity was determined between samples from Puglia and Sicily. This was studied performing statistical analysis by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Bonferroni post-hoc test.

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Castanea sativaMill. Flowers amongst the Most Powerful Antioxidant Matrices: A Phytochemical Approach in Decoctions and Infusions

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/232956 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Márcio Carocho ◽

Lillian Barros ◽

Albino Bento ◽

Celestino Santos-Buelga ◽

Patricia Morales ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Organic Acids ◽

Phenolic Compound ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Total Phenolic Compounds ◽

Free Sugars ◽

Hydrolyzable Tannins ◽

Chestnut Tree ◽

Phytochemical Profile

Infusions and decoction of chestnut tree flowers have been used for different medical purposes, but their phytochemical profile and antioxidant activity are still mostly unknown. Herein, decoctions and infusions of flowers from the two most appreciated chestnut cultivars (longalandjudia) in Trás-os-Montes, Portugal, were prepared and characterized with regard to their content in free sugars, organic acids, and phenolic compounds, such as flavonoids and hydrolyzable tannins, and their antioxidant activity. Overall, the decoction of the cultivarjudiawas the sample with both the highest quantity of flavonoids and antioxidant activity. The phenolic compound with the highest abundance in all samples was trigalloyl-HHDP-glucoside, followed by pentagalloyl glucoside. The sample with the highest quantity of total phenolic compounds wasjudiainfusion, closely followed bylongaldecoction, which also gave the highest quantities of ellagitannins. Regarding sugars and organic acids, the profiles were more similar. These results corroborate ancestral claims of the health benefits of infusions and decoctions of chestnut flowers.

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