Lagomorpha as a Model Morphological System

Due to their global distribution, invasive history, and unique characteristics, European rabbits are recognizable almost anywhere on our planet. Although they are members of a much larger group of living and extinct mammals [Mammalia, Lagomorpha (rabbits, hares, and pikas)], the group is often characterized by several well-known genera (e.g., Oryctolagus, Sylvilagus, Lepus, and Ochotona). This representation does not capture the extraordinary diversity of behavior and form found throughout the order. Model organisms are commonly used as exemplars for biological research, but there are a limited number of model clades or lineages that have been used to study evolutionary morphology in a more explicitly comparative way. We present this review paper to show that lagomorphs are a strong system in which to study macro- and micro-scale patterns of morphological change within a clade that offers underappreciated levels of diversity. To this end, we offer a summary of the status of relevant aspects of lagomorph biology.

Representatives in a Changing World : Characteristics of Urban Advocacy at the Turn of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries

The Kingdom of Hungary had a strong system of estates within the Habsburg Monarchy, and this exerted a significant influence on the positions of free royal cities. The free royal cities enjoyed a large degree of internal autonomy until roughly the end of the seventeenth century, with little oversight or interference by the larger state. Since 1526, the cities had been members of the estates which had taken part in the Diets (the parliaments which could be regarded as the early modern form of the Hungarian), though they had played a minor role in comparison to the counties. In the last third of the seventeenth century, the system of estates underwent significant changes. The royal state came to exert more control, and in the free royal cities, the central administration began to play a stronger role as a force for oversight. The interests of the state administration now played an important role in the selection of the city’s leaders. The delegates who represented the cities in the Diets were also chosen according to these considerations. The local bodies of state administration were given major say in the selection of the representatives. As a consequence of this, delegates began to be chosen who were from different social backgrounds, including people who had different places within the system of the estates. While earlier, the individuals who had been sent to take part in the Diets had been members of the Lutheran bourgeois elite, from roughly the late seventeenth century onwards, members of the nobility living in the cities began to play an increasingly influential role. Many of the delegates from the city of Kassa (today Košice, Slovakia) who will be discussed in the analysis below came from families of non-noble origins which, however, had been granted nobility as a reward for the services they had performed in the chamber administration. The career paths for members of these families led either to administrative bodies in the city or back into state administration.

Perubahan Sosial Masyarakat di Jazirah Arab: Transformasi Kultural Ashabiyah dalam Menunjang Kekuasaan Nabi Muhammad

Ashabiyah has become one of the important social systems for people in the Arabian Peninsula before the Prophet Muhammad introducing Islam to Mecca. Ashabiyah brought the tribes into one strong unity in Arab, though it turned out this system often leads to egoism and aggression of each group, which caused dispute and war. The Prophet Muhammad then used this system to unify the people of the desert and the people within the country once again with a new purpose, which is Islam, after Islam came into Arabic. The primary purpose of the ashabiyah system was unification and sovereignty for all the people, and it costs the system to have a guideline of religious values. So, based on the values every act made by the tribe will lead to right action as well. This research wants to explain how did Ashabiyah take a role in all peoples of Arabia and be a succession of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) in the spread of Islam. The method that is used in this study is that historical research contains heuristic, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The results of the study showed that the ashabiyah based on Islam became a strong system in building the progress of the ummah because, without social solidarity, unity, and help, the ideals of sovereignty could not be realized.

The Potential Of Steel Wire As A Binder With Plates To Withstand Loads

Road and bridge construction needs to be supported by a strong system, both in terms of material and connections between structural elements. A pile reinforcement connection system with slab support construction on it needs to be considered to work together in carrying the load. Therefore, research is needed to determine how much effect the steel wire has as a binding pile with a plate in resisting uniform loads on it. This research was conducted by testing the model in a laboratory on a test medium that was reinforced with the pile with the slab system. Pile joints are distinguished bound perfectly and unbound. A reduction settlement analysis is performed on the difference in settlement for bound and unbound piles. The results showed that the pile system's performance, which was bound with steel wires on the slab, was better at resisting loads. This is known from the reduction of settlement for bound and unbound piles, which is 11.43% for the time stage and 11.51% for the load stage. The system can work together so that the stability of construction is better maintained and more durable.

A Post-Apocalyptic Redefinition of Homeless Spaces in Cormac McCarthy’s The Road

Homelessness undergoes an important change in a post-apocalyptical setting: it becomes the norm, the only reality for the survivors. Through a process of defamiliarization and reinterpretation of the new reality, space goes back to its mythical sphere, where a permanent sense of anxiety and distress dominates everything. In the present paper, a new vision of homelessness in the characters and spaces portrayed in The Road is presented. Focusing on the new spatial conception will offer a fresh perspective to interpret how a father struggles in his attempts to instill in his boy a strong system of moral values while travelling through the vastness of a space without boundaries that only has one defining and common characteristic: the road.

The Colorado State Constitution

The Colorado State Constitution (2020) is the second edition of the state’s contribution to The Oxford Commentaries on the State Constitutions of the United States. The book opens with a detailed history of the constitution that focuses on events and amendments that transformed the state. As expected in the West, it features some lively adventure stories. Since the first edition in 2002, the state’s population has grown by more than a third. The book explains the many new challenges its legal system has faced. The main section analyzes in detail every provision of the constitutional text. All relevant judicial interpretations are examined. A comprehensive index and a table of cases guide researchers. Interaction with the federal Constitution is carefully explained. Background and interpretations of Colorado’s complex and unique tax revolt, known as TABOR, are carefully analyzed. The state’s extensive provisions for direct democracy, the initiative, veto referendum, and recall of elected officials, are studied in detail. The Colorado Bill of Rights is fully reviewed. The state’s strong system for constitutional home rule for cities, counties, and towns is examined from its adoption into today’s governing system. The state’s strong system for all levels of public education is explained. Its leadership in the marijuana legalization movement is another subject well covered.

Human Resource Management Systems and Work Engagement: Exploring the Impact of Employee Paternalistic Values

Organizations implement high-commitment human resource management (HRM) systems to increase work engagement as they provide employees with a sense of being looked after in the workplace. This relationship is rarely considered alongside the responsibility of management to look after employees beyond the workplace too in return for hard work and loyalty, as represented by paternalistic values. This study, therefore, investigates the effect of high-commitment HRM systems on work engagement, mediated by employees perceiving the HRM system to be distinctive, consistent, and consensual (i.e., a strong system), and moderated by employee belief in paternalistic values. Based on an empirical study of 384 employees, high-commitment HRM is found to increase work engagement as hypothesized. However, HRM system strength does not mediate this relationship as expected and instead is associated with lower levels of work engagement. When testing for the moderating effect of employee belief in paternalistic values, when this is low, high HRM system strength leads to lower levels of work engagement. These findings imply that strong HRM systems may be perceived as intrusive, as paternalism may be, for employees with low belief in paternalistic values.