The infection process of Colletotrichum fuscum on oregano leaves and stems

Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum fuscum, produces regular necrotic spots on oregano leaves and stems, causing severe crop losses. In this study, Koch’s postulates were fulfilled and infection process was investigated using scanning electron microscopy. Leaves and stems of Origanum vulgare were inoculated and incubated at 24°C in wet chambers under high relative humidity. Pathogenicity experiments demonstrated that all tested C. fuscum isolates had infected stems and leaves of oregano. Of all inoculation methods, direct placement of colonized agar plugs on injured epidermis and soaking plant organs in conidial suspension were the most effective. The behavior of the conidia deposited on the oregano leaves was investigated at different time intervals after inoculation: at 12, 18, 32, 48, 67 and 98 h. Conidia produced an appressoria of varying shapes which has been formed at the end of germ tubes of different lengths. Penetration to host tissue through stomata was observed. Acervuli formed on the leaves surface after 98 h after inoculation, typically with sharp pointed setoses.

Characterisation of Microparticle Waste from Dental Resin-Based Composites

Clinical applications of resin-based composite (RBC) generate environmental pollution in the form of microparticulate waste. Methods: SEM, particle size and specific surface area analysis, FT-IR and potentiometric titrations were used to characterise microparticles arising from grinding commercial and control RBCs as a function of time, at time of generation and after 12 months ageing in water. The RBCs were tested in two states: (i) direct-placement materials polymerised to simulate routine clinical use and (ii) pre-polymerised CAD/CAM ingots milled using CAD/CAM technology. Results: The maximum specific surface area of the direct-placement commercial RBC was seen after 360 s of agitation and was 1290 m2/kg compared with 1017 m2/kg for the control material. The median diameter of the direct-placement commercial RBC was 6.39 μm at 360 s agitation and 9.55 μm for the control material. FTIR analysis confirmed that microparticles were sufficiently unique to be identified after 12 months ageing and consistent alteration of the outermost surfaces of particles was observed. Protonation-deprotonation behaviour and the pH of zero proton charge (pHzpc) ≈ 5–6 indicated that the particles are negatively charged at neutral pH7. Conclusion: The large surface area of RBC microparticles allows elution of constituent monomers with potential environmental impacts. Characterisation of this waste is key to understanding potential mitigation strategies.

The instrument transfer method in four handed dentistry in dental operating microscope as a module of a training program in the aspect of reduction of the dynamic load of the visual system of the operator

Resume. Introduction of a Dental Operating Microscope (DOM) in the clinical work can make some difficulties in operator’s work.In particular, to ensure the safety of the operator’s visual system and ergonomics of the work, the operator’s gaze should be continuously directed to the operating field. The instruments should be moved over the operating field by the assisting personnel, whose participation in the transfer is not complete until the evening nstrument is visible through the microscope and the operator is fully capable of controlling its movement. Instrument transfer method in DOM includes 3 steps: modified direct placement, predelivery, delivery and exchange of instruments. In the presented method the most important elements are the properly oriented end of the instrument by dental assistant and mutual grasp of instrument. The method allows to reduce the load on the operator’s visual system and to make four-handed work ergonomic. Key words: dental operating microscope (DOM), four-handed dentistry in DOM, instrument transfer in DOM, mutual grasp, visual system overload of dental operator.

Esthetic composite restoration

Perfect anterior restoration acts as an advertisement for the skills of the dental professional. Most interventions in anterior maxilla are accomplished with the direct placement of composite resins. The skill of the dentist to achieve a natural anatomical shape and color match with the adjacent teeth are prerequisites to achieving a pleasing esthetic result, which can also be assessed easily by the patients. This case report describes minimally invasive restoration of the tooth trauma during the orthodontics using stratfTcation technique.

Usefulness of direct clipping for the bleeding source of colonic diverticular hemorrhage (with videos)

Background and study aims The efficacy of endoclips for colonic diverticular hemorrhage remains unclear. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of endoclips versus endoscopic band ligation (EBL) for the treatment of colonic diverticular hemorrhage. Patients and methods At Nara City Hospital, 93 patients with colonic diverticular hemorrhage with stigmata of recent hemorrhage (SRH) were treated using endoclips or EBL between January 2013 and December 2018. We classified the patients treated by endoclips into the direct clipping group and indirect clipping group. Endoclips were placed directly onto the vessel if technically feasible (direct clipping). When direct placement of endoclips onto the vessel was not possible, the diverticulum was closed in a zipper fashion (indirect clipping). Patient demographics, rate of early rebleeding within 30 days after initial treatment, and complications were retrospectively evaluated. Results Of the 93 patients, 34, 28, and 31 were in the direct clipping group, indirect clipping group, and EBL group, respectively. Rates of early rebleeding in the direct clipping, indirect clipping, and EBL groups were 5.9 % (2/34), 35.7 % (10/28), and 6.5 % (2/31), respectively (P = 0.006: direct clipping vs indirect clipping, P = 1: direct clipping vs EBL). No complications occurred in any groups. All patients who had early rebleeding in the direct clipping group underwent EBL, and no further bleeding occurred after repeat therapy. Conclusions Direct clip placement is acceptable as the first treatment choice for colonic diverticular hemorrhage. When direct placement of endoclips is not possible, EBL should be performed instead of indirect clipping.

Combined method for calculating weighing coefficients in multi-factor economic models

The article presents a comparative analysis of three popular methods for determining the weight coefficients of contributing factors: the direct placement method, the ranking method, and the method of analyzing hierarchies. Advantages and disadvantages of each method are analyzed. A technique that allows combining the advantages of these methods is proposed. Procedures are described based on ranking factors with subsequent introduction of corrections to the weighing coefficients calculated basing on the ranking. The rules for introducing corrections have been formulated. An algorithm for implementing the proposed method is developed, which is illustrated with a model example.

Pengaruh Pengembangan SDM dan Kepemimpinan Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan (BPP) Kemetrian Dalam Negeri

The development of Human Resources ( HR ), human beings can not be separated from other activities such as strategic planning, management development and organizational development. The role of HR in the organization has the same meaning as important as the work itself , so that the interaction between the organization and the focus of' attention of HR leaders. An organization will be able to grow and reach the height of glory if it has qualified human resources. Training and human resource development becomes a necessity for organizations, because employees direct placement in a job does not guarantee they will succeed. This study examines the development of human resources and the leadership to employee performance. The study looked at the effect of' the development of human resources and leadership to the employee performance. Research methodology forget explanatory research that describes the influence of independent variables on the dependent variable with the goal of research is BPP Kemendagri Jakarta with a sample of 78 employees. Results showed as partial the development of Human resources and leadership significantly influence the employee performance. simultaneously both development human resources and leadership training variables jointly significant effect on the employee performance.

PENERAPAN METODE STABLE TAIL ADJUSTED RETURN RATIO (STARR) DALAM PENGUKURAN KINERJA INVESTASI

The purpose of this study was to determine the appropriate approach and method for measuring the performance of the investment, if the return data provided just a little or the data don’t follow the normal distribution. Then, apply it in a real case, that is, investment portfolio performance measurement of a pension fund managed by a private university in Malang town. Data processing was aided by MS Excel which the steps are calculating the average return (mean), standard deviation, VaR and CVaR, deviation VaR and CVaR, BI rate and STARR both in the case of a Gaussian distribution and T-Student. The result of the analysis showed that the T-Student distribution approach and STARR method are better to use for measuring pension fund investment performance than the Gaussian distribution approach and traditional Sharpe method. Two investment instruments that have the best performance are a Direct Placement and Property.