Design and Development of Smartphone Application Control

Smartphone Application Control is a project designed to block other phone applications that have excessive use by users. Excessive phone use is often experienced by children aged 7-18 years old. At the same time, many parents nowadays do not have time all day long to monitor and limit the use of their children’s phone due to work. The efforts of the mass media to advise on the use of phone do not give much positive impact on these children. Therefore, a robust alternative such as Smartphone Application Control is essential to curb these issues. To develop this application, a methodological approach has been used namely the Evolutionary Prototyping model. Android Studio version 3.6.2 is used to develop this application while SQLite Database acts as a database for storing all application usage statistics and Google-Cloud Firebase is used to store user-related information for user authentication purposes. To create an attractive user interface, Adobe Photoshop CS6 is used to design background and interface buttons. This app is able to track usage hours of other apps and block them if they exceed their daily usage limits. The time limit for such use can only be set by parents. Additionally, notification of excess usage will be sent to parents via email as a notification. A pop-up alert notification will be issued when user has reached his or her application limit. Smartphone Application Control is very important in helping user to control their phone usage behaviour.

Non-Proportionality Indices and Error Constraint in Modal Analysis of Viscously Damped Linear Structures

Use of modal procedures in systems with non-proportional damping (such as structures with added viscous damping systems) results in response errors, shown in this study to depend on dissimilar and often conflicting conditions for different variables and stories; thus, it is not possible to propose simple rules based on structural or damping properties to limit the error in a global way. However, four existing indices (originally proposed to measure damping non-proportionality) present a positive correlation with the extreme errors in modal procedures for all variables and stories. Thus, limiting the index value is a sufficient condition to keep the error in all variables within a given threshold. For practical application, limit values for these indices are tabulated as a function of error and can be used as an acceptance criterion for the validity of modal procedures.

Application Limits of the Ferrioxalate Actinometer

<div>Evaluating the efficiency of newly designed photoreactors is crucial for systematic development and optimization of photochemical processes. A suitable tool is actinometry, prominently represented by the most widely studied and applied ferrioxalate system. However, such measurements show reproducible problems in the data consistency. This study scrutinizes these issues and approaches an experimental elucidation. An application limit for the ferrioxalate actinometer under intense irradiation was identified and experimentally validated. A drop of the quantum yield at high incident photon fluxes, generating high local concentrations of carboxyl radicals, leads to systematically wrong measurements. For reliable measurements with the ferrioxalate actinometry, a continuous operation mode or extensive mixing should be ensured.</div>

Application Limits of the Ferrioxalate Actinometer

<div>Evaluating the efficiency of newly designed photoreactors is crucial for systematic development and optimization of photochemical processes. A suitable tool is actinometry, prominently represented by the most widely studied and applied ferrioxalate system. However, such measurements show reproducible problems in the data consistency. This study scrutinizes these issues and approaches an experimental elucidation. An application limit for the ferrioxalate actinometer under intense irradiation was identified and experimentally validated. A drop of the quantum yield at high incident photon fluxes, generating high local concentrations of carboxyl radicals, leads to systematically wrong measurements. For reliable measurements with the ferrioxalate actinometry, a continuous operation mode or extensive mixing should be ensured.</div>

1 Selenium Supply Alters Subcellular Distribution and Chemical Forms of Cadmium and Expression of Transporter Genes Involved in Cadmium Uptake and Translocation in Winter Wheat (Triticum Aestivum)

Background Cadmium (Cd) accumulation in crops will affect the yield and quality of crops, and also harm human health. The application of selenium (Se) can reduce the absorption and transport of Cd in winter wheat. Results The result showed that increasing Se supply significantly decreased Cd concentration and accumulation in shoots and roots of winter wheat, and the root to shoot translocation of Cd. The Se supply increased the root length, surface area and root volume, but decreased the root average diameter. Increasing Se supply significantly decreased Cd concentration in cell wall, soluble fraction and cell organelle in roots and shoots. An increase of Se supply inhibited Cd distribution in the organelle of shoot and root, but enhanced Cd distribution in the soluble fraction of shoot and the cell wall of root. The Se supply also decreased the proportion of active Cd (ethanol-extractable (FE) Cd and deionized water-extractable (FW) Cd) in roots. In addition, the expression of TaNramp5-a, TaNramp5-b, TaHMA3-a, TaHMA3-b and TaHMA2 were significantly increased with the increase of Cd concentration in roots, and the expression of TaNramp5-a, TaNramp5-b and TaHMA2 in roots were down-regulated by increasing Se supply, regardless of Se supply or Cd stress, respectively. The expression of TaHMA3-b in root was significantly down-regulated by Se10 treatment at both Cd5 and Cd25 but up-regulated by Se5 treatment at Cd25. The expression of TaNramp5-a, TaNramp5-b, TaHMA3-a, TaHMA3-b and TaHMA2 in shoot were down-regulated by increasing Se supply at Cd5, and Se5 treatment up-regulated the expression of those genes in shoot at Cd25. Conclusions The results confirm that Se application limit Cd accumulation in wheat via regulating subcellular distribution and the chemical forms of Cd in tissues of winter wheat, as well as the expression of TaNramp5-a, TaNramp5-b and TaHMA2 in root.

GENERALISATION AND EVALUATION OF MACROSCOPIC MODELS FOR MICROWAVE SUSCEPTORS IN CONTACT WITH HEATED FOODS

Introducing a thin conductive layer into a finite-mesh (as inherent in e.g. finite difference time domain (FDTD) and finite element (FEM) methods) typically requires a dedicated equivalent macroscopic model allowing for computationally effective and accurate electromagnetic (EM) and thermal simulations. Thin conductive layers, such as microwave susceptors, characterised by their surface resistance (Rs), are adequately represented with a dielectric surrogate layer of higher thickness and proportionally scaled conductivity, maintaining the value of Rs. Systematic evaluation of macroscopic models of microwave susceptors used for enhancing the heating efficiency of microwavable food packages has been reported in [1]. Our studies therein focus on validity, accuracy and practical application limits of the proposed macroscopic models of thin metallic layers, in terms of power dissipated in susceptor placed in free space and irradiated by EM wave, at all angles of incidence. In this work we extend our studies to real-life simulation scenarios, in which microwave susceptor is in contact with food. We first consider a four-layer model as in Fig. 1(left) and conduct both analytical and numerical conformal FDTD calculations. The accuracy and application limit of the macroscopic model are investigated for all incidence angles and both, TE and TM polarisations of the impinging EM wave, for different foods. We aim to determine a range of optimum, in terms of power dissipated in the susceptor, values of the susceptor’s surface resistance in all those cases. The results of our canonical calculations with the four-layer model of Fig.1(left) are validated in the 3D FDTD modelling scenario of Fig.1(right), representative of a real-life domestic oven. While for normal incidence our results are in overall agreement with some of the previously published observations [2], they are formalised and generalised to constitute reliable guidelines for microwave oven and food packaging designers and manufacturers. We also show cases where some of the earlier rule-of-the-thumb guidelines fail.

Stagnation temperature effect on the supersonic flow around pointed airfoils with application for air

The aim of this work is to develop a new numerical calculation program to determine the effect of the stagnation temperature on the calculation of the supersonic flow around a pointed airfoils using the equations for oblique shock wave and the Prandtl Meyer expansion, under the model at high temperature, calorically imperfect and thermally perfect gas, lower than the dissociation threshold of the molecules. The specific heat at constant pressure does not remain constant and varies with the temperature. The new model allows making corrections to the perfect gas model designed for low stagnation temperature, low Mach number, low incidence angle and low airfoil thickness. The stagnation temperature is an important parameter in our model. The airfoil should be pointed at the leading edge to allow an attached shock solution to be seen. The airfoil is discretized into several panels on the extrados and the intrados, placed one adjacent to the other. The distribution of the flow on the panel in question gives a compression or an expansion according to the deviation of the flow with respect to the old adjacent panel. The program determines all the aerodynamic characteristics of the flow and in particular the aerodynamic coefficients. The calculation accuracy depends on the number of panels considered on the airfoil. The application is made for high values of stagnation temperature, Mach number and airfoil thickness. A comparison between our high temperature model and the perfect gas model is presented, in order to determine an application limit of the latter. The application is for air.

Perspectives of transient tracer applications and limiting cases

Currently available transient tracers have different application ranges that are defined by their temporal input (chronological transient tracers) or their decay rate (radioactive transient tracers). Transient tracers range from tracers for highly ventilated water masses such as sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) through tritium (3H) and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) up to tracers for less ventilated deep ocean basins such as argon-39 (39Ar) and radiocarbon (14C). In this context, highly ventilated water masses are defined as water masses that have been in contact with the atmosphere during the last decade. Transient tracers can be used to empirically constrain the transit time distribution (TTD), which can often be approximated with an inverse Gaussian (IG) distribution. The IG-TTD provides information about ventilation and the advective/diffusive characteristics of a water parcel. Here we provide an overview of commonly used transient tracer couples and the corresponding application range of the IG-TTD by using the new concept of validity areas. CFC-12, CFC-11 and SF6 data from three different cruises in the South Atlantic Ocean and Southern Ocean as well as 39Ar data from the 1980s and early 1990s in the eastern Atlantic Ocean and the Weddell Sea are used to demonstrate this method. We found that the IG-TTD can be constrained along the Greenwich Meridian south to 46° S, which corresponds to the Subantarctic Front (SAF) denoting the application limit. The Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) describes the limiting water layer in the vertical. Conspicuous high or lower ratios between the advective and diffusive components describe the transition between the validity area and the application limit of the IG-TTD model rather than describing the physical properties of the water parcel. The combination of 39Ar and CFC data places constraints on the IG-TTD in the deep water north of the SAF, but not beyond this limit.

Relationship Between the Number of Residency Applications and the Yearly Match Rate: Time to Start Thinking About an Application Limit?

Background There has been an increase in the number of applications medical students have submitted for the National Residency Matching Program (NRMP). These additional applications are associated with significant costs and may contribute to match inefficiency. Objective We explored if match rates improved in years when an increased number of applications were submitted. Methods We analyzed yearly published data from the NRMP and the Electronic Residency Application Service for 13 specialties. A generalized linear model was used to assess the relationship between the annual match rate and the mean number of applications submitted per applicant, while controlling for the number of positions available and the number of applicants in the given year. Results Over the last 13 years there has been an increase in the mean number of applications submitted per applicant (P &lt; .001). For the 13 assessed medical specialties, there was no statistically significant relationship between the mean number of applications per applicant per year submitted to the NRMP, and the annual match rate (odds ratios near 1.00 and nonsignificant, P values &gt; .05). Conclusions There was no improvement in the match rate in years when medical students submitted an increased number of applications. Therefore, it would appear that the applicants do not benefit from the larger number of applications submitted. Further study is required to assess the cost and benefit of these additional applications.