Deciphering the Nature of Caffeic Acid to Inhibit the HSA Aggregation Induced by Glyoxal

Background: Under certain circumstances, the path for protein folding deviates and attains an alternative path forming misfolded states, which are the key precursors for protein aggregation. Protein aggregation is associated with variety of diseases and leads to the cytotoxicity. These protein aggregate related diseases have been untreated so far. However, extensive attempts have been applied to develop anti-aggregating agents as possible approaches to overcome protein aggregation. Different types of substances have been reported to halt or decrease the formation of ordered protein aggregates both in vitro and in vivo, such as polyphenols and metal ions. Objective: In the present study the in vitro aggregation of human serum albumin (HSA) by using a reactive dicarbonyl glyoxal has been investigated, simultaneously an attempt has been done to inhibit the glyoxal (GO) induced aggregation of (HSA) by caffeic acid (CA). Methods: Different methods have been employed to investigate the process, fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism, cango red binding assay, thioflavin T dye binding, turbidimetric analysis, docking study and transmission electron microscopy. Results: Results have shown that elevated concentration of GO forms aggregates of HSA, and the activity of CA suggested the possibility of inhibiting the HSA aggregation at higher concentrations, and this compound was found to have an anti-aggregation property. Conclusion: The present study explained that micro molar concentrations of CA inhibits the aggregation of HSA and showed pronounced anti-aggregation effect at increasing concentrations in the presence of GO which is elevated in diabetic and hyperglycaemia conditions.

The effect of hepatopancreas homogenate of the Red king crab on HA-based filler

In this study, several methods were used to analyze the hydrolysis of hyaluronic acid (HA)-based cosmetic fillers by the hepatopancreas homogenate of the Red king crab. The results show that the homogenate and commercially available hyaluronidases have similar hydrolysis activities on the fillers. Atomic force microscopy images reveal that the HA fillers consist mainly of spherical-like particles, which are converted into filamentous structures as a result of hydrolysis by the Red king crab hepatopancreas homogenate. Turbidimetric analysis of the hydrolysis process shows that HA aggregation with acidic albumin exhibits a bell-shaped dependence on reaction time. Analysis of the hydrolysis process by nuclear magnetic resonance shows that HA degradation lasts several days. The maximum rate of the reaction is detected in the 1st h of incubation. The data confirm that the purified homogenate of the Red king crab hepatopancreas exerts hyaluronidase activity on HA-based cosmetic fillers; therefore, it may be considered as a potential therapeutic agent for treating filler complications.

The impact of decellularization methods on extracellular matrix derived hydrogels

Tissue-derived decellularized biomaterials are ideal for tissue engineering applications as they mimic the biochemical composition of the native tissue. These materials can be used as hydrogels for cell encapsulation and delivery. The decellularization process can alter the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and thus influence the hydrogels characteristics. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of decellularization protocols in ECM-derived hydrogels obtained from porcine corneas. Porcine corneas were isolated and decellularized with SDS, Triton X-100 or by freeze-thaw cycles. All decellularization methods decreased DNA significantly when measured by PicoGreen and visually assessed by the absence of cell nuclei. Collagen and other ECM components were highly retained, as quantified by hydroxyproline content and sGAG, by histological analysis and by SDS-PAGE. Hydrogels obtained by freeze-thaw decellularization were the most transparent. The method of decellularization impacted gelation kinetics assessed by turbidimetric analysis. All hydrogels showed a fibrillary and porous structure determined by cryoSEM. Human corneal stromal cells were embedded in the hydrogels to assess cytotoxicity. SDS decellularization rendered cytotoxic hydrogels, while the other decellularization methods produced highly cytocompatible hydrogels. Freeze-thaw decellularization produced hydrogels with the overall best properties.

Perspectives on the Use of Hyaluronidase from the Red King Crab Hepatopancreas in Treating Filler Complications: In Vitro Investigations

This study focused on hydrolysis of cosmetic fillers hyaluronic acid (HA) and kinetics of the HA hydrolysis using the homogenate of the red king crab hepatopancreas. Turbidimetric analysis of the reaction mixture revealed a bell-shaped time dependence of aggregation formation. It was shown that the obtained homogenate has the similar activity to the commercially available hyaluronidase. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) examination found that the HA fillers were represented by spherical-like structures. These structures were destroyed under the action of the homogenate of the red king crab hepatopancreas. NMR of the reaction mixture showed that HA degradation lasts for some days, but a maximum rate of the reaction is detected in the first hours of incubation. The preparation with hyaluronidase activity obtained from the red king crab hepatopancreas could be used as potentially safe product for treating filler complications.

Role of Doppler Ultrasonography and C-Reactive Protein in Patients with Acute Scrotum

This research was designate with an intention to find the role of Doppler ultrasonography (DUS) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with acute scrotum. A sum of 80 (mean age 23±2.1 years) consequential patients were recruited for a period of six months between July 2015 and January 2016 in this prospective study. Collected data confined age, medical history, and clinical symptoms. DUS was performed with a linear array transducer (10-15 MHz) connected to HI vision Avius ultrasound unit; Hitachi. CRP was measured using turbidimetric analysis through the Cobas Integra analyzer system (Test CRPL2, 0-293); Roche Diagnostics. Statistical analysis was accomplished using the standard Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20 for Windows; Microsoft. Fitted achievement values for DUS in the diagnosis of testicular torsion, epididymo-orchitis, and varicocele were respectively 100%, 91% and 88% for sensitivity, 92%, 71%, and 90% for specificity, and 94%, 83%, and 89% for accuracy. An increased in the serum CRP level (63.2±40.2 mg/L) was seen in an inflammatory cause of the acute scrotum. In contrast, there was no increase in CRP level (8±3.1 mg/L) in the non-inflammatory cases (P < 0.0001). Scrotal DUS is a highly precise preoperative diagnostic instrument, thereby confirm its course application in the incipient triage of patients with acute scrotum. Serum level of CRP can afford useful advice for differentiation between inflammatory and other reasons of the acute scrotum.

Optimization of therapy clinic-immunological disorders with heroin addiction

The immune defect can be found in all forms of addiction (Frank, 2004). These data determine the use of funds in immunotropic heroin addiction.ObjectiveTo study the effectiveness of antidepressant sevpram (citalopram) and its combination with galavit (imunomodulyator) on a background of standard pharmacotherapy in heroin addiction. To evaluate the immune status of the following methods:– evaluation of lymphocytes (CD4), (CD8) with monoclonal antibodies in cytotoxicity assay;– determination of serum immunoglobulin classes A, M, G performed by turbidimetric analysis;– the concentration of the CIK (circulating immunnokompleks) was determined by precipitation with polyethylene glycol.Patients of the 1st group was administered into the sevpram 10 mg/day in combination with galavit (25 mg daily); group 2 – only the standard therapy (ST).The results of researchAs a result of the treatment in the first group showed an increase of 34.8%) the number of immunoglobulin A, which however does not reach the level of healthy people and reducing the number of circulating complexes by 13.8%, which also indicates the normalization of this index. The first group – a significant improvement of immunological parameters increase of 3 indicators (CD4, CD8, CD4/CD8) and a decrease in the CIK. Analysis of changes in indicators Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, also notes a reduction in the symptoms scores.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.