Visual Scanning Behavior and Attention Strategies for Shooting Among Expert Versus Collegiate Korean Archers

This study analyzed differences in visual scanning behavior and resistance to distractions between Olympic and collegiate archers. The experiment required the participants to watch a test film comprising six stages corresponding to the phases of an archery performance. The recording emulated the archer's point of view. During initial phases of shooting, Olympic archers demonstrated more frequent and longer fixations than did their collegiate counterparts, whereas during the later phases of shooting, the groups' visual scanning patterns did not differ significantly. In a second experiment within this study, auditory and visual distractors led Olympic archers to exhibit fewer fixations of longer duration and less eye movement, regardless of the type of distraction. Thus, in each experiment, Korean national-team archers modified their attentional strategies more efficiently than collegiate archers, expanding and narrowing their focused attention based on task demands. These findings provide fundamental information on the nature of expert shooters' visual scanning patterns and have implications for developing training protocols for aspiring athletes.

The Cinema Intelligence Apparatus

This chapter, by Nathaniel Brennan, discusses the efforts of the Museum of Modern Art Film Library to make use of captured enemy motion pictures on behalf of the federal government’s wartime intelligence programs during World War II. While the chapter presents an overview of the film library’s governmental intelligence work, ranging from matters of storage to the challenges of training analysts, the central case study examines the work of British anthropologist Gregory Bateson, whose work at the film library consisted of trying to define an objective approach to the study of culture through cinema and the preparation of a test film that would instruct American soldiers about the peculiarities of the German character. Although Bateson’s plans did not materialize, the efforts of Margaret Mead to adapt Bateson’s anthropological film methodology for the Cold War nonetheless influenced the development of postwar film studies and the analysis of national cinemas.

The incumbent resin effect for single-screw extrusion of polyethylene resins: The effect of resin changeover on gels in the product

Innovative polyethylene films are constantly being developed by switching the existing or incumbent resin with a new or challenger resin. If the extrusion equipment is designed properly, the film with the challenger resin will be acceptable for further testing and marketing. However, if the extrusion equipment is not designed properly, old degraded material from the incumbent resin will be pushed out of the extruder by the challenger resin, contaminating the test film. In many cases, the challenger resin is incorrectly blamed for the gels. This paper describes the incumbent resin effect, presents a case study, and provides technical solutions.

The Use of Patterns to Disguise Environmental Cues During an Anticipatory Judgment Task

A number of novel manipulations to the design of playing uniforms were used to try to disguise the actions of penalty takers in soccer. Skilled and less-skilled soccer goalkeepers were required to anticipate penalty kick outcome while their opponent wore one of three different uniform designs that were intended to disguise the availability of potentially key information from the hip region. Variations of shapes/patterns were designed to conceal the actual alignment of the hips. Three occlusion points were used in the test film: −160 ms, −80 ms before, and at foot–ball contact. Skilled individuals reported higher accuracy scores than their less-skilled counterparts (p < .05). There were no performance decrements for the less-skilled group across the different uniform conditions (p > .05); however, the skilled group decreased their accuracy on the experimental conditions compared with the control (p < .05). Findings highlight the potential benefits of designing playing uniforms that facilitate disguise in sport.

Design Optimization and In Vitro-In Vivo Evaluation of Orally Dissolving Strips of Clobazam

Clobazam orally dissolving strips were prepared by solvent casting method. A full 32 factorial design was applied for optimization using different concentration of film forming polymer and disintegrating agent as independent variable and disintegration time, % cumulative drug release, and tensile strength as dependent variable. In addition the prepared films were also evaluated for surface pH, folding endurance, and content uniformity. The optimized film formulation showing the maximum in vitro drug release, satisfactory in vitro disintegration time, and tensile strength was selected for bioavailability study and compared with a reference marketed product (frisium5 tablets) in rabbits. Formulation (F6) was selected by the Design-expert software which exhibited DT (24 sec), TS (2.85 N/cm2), and in vitro drug release (96.6%). Statistical evaluation revealed no significant difference between the bioavailability parameters of the test film (F6) and the reference product. The mean ratio values (test/reference) of Cmax (95.87%), tmax (71.42%), AUC0−t (98.125%), and AUC0−∞ (99.213%) indicated that the two formulae exhibited comparable plasma level-time profiles.

Mechanical Properties Measurement of Polymer Films by Bulge Test and Fringe Projection

This paper aims at determining the mechanical properties such as Poisson ratio, biaxial modulus, and residual stress of polymer membranes using the bulge test and fringe projection. Under this idea, a bulge test apparatus has been developed for robust usage, under the room temperature, in industrial environments that are usually noisy and full of all kinds of vibrations. A setup of the bulge test, consisting of single chips and digital on-off valves, was used to achieve automatic precision control of pressure application to gas chamber with a circular polyimide (PI) test film fixed on the opening of it. A deformed image was then obtained via fringe projections with a series of optical apparatuses, and a 3D membrane deformation distribution was further achieved from this deformed image by some image processes that are chiefly through wavelet transformation and phase expansion. With the measurements of maximum membrane deformation versus applied pressure and given the Young’s modulus of test membrane, we could further calculate the Poisson ration (and then biaxial modulus) and residual stress of the film. Also, the measurements were validated to be highly accurate by comparison with a finite element analysis.

Effect of Hydrated Salt Additives on Film Boiling Behavior at Vapor Film Collapse

A high-temperature stainless-steel sphere was immersed into various salt solutions to test film boiling behavior at vapor film collapse. The film boiling behavior around the sphere was observed with a high-speed digital-video camera. Because salt additives enhanced condensation heat transfer, the observed vapor film was thinner. Surface temperature of the sphere was measured. Salt additives increased the quenching (vapor film collapse) temperature, because frequency of direct contact between sphere surface and coolant increased. Quenching temperature rises with increased salt concentration. The quenching temperature, however, approaches a constant value when the slat concentration is close to its saturation concentration. The quenching temperature is well correlated with ion molar concentration, which is a number density of ions, regardless of the type of hydrated salts.