Knowledge Economy

Intellectual capital is now widely recognized as key factor in organization success and as such is of relevance to libraries. Intellectual capital management, therefore, is of great relevance to library and information professions. However, the wider ramification of the relationship between intellectual capital management (ICM), knowledge management (KM), and library and information science (LIS) is yet to be properly exploited by LIS professionals. Without doubt, there is a dynamic and multi-faceted relationship. This chapter introduces key aspects of this relationship, and in particular potential synergies, conflicts in literature, pre-requisites for ICM implementation in libraries and challenges faced by the library and information professions. In the light of this, the author concluded that LIS professionals must see KM and ICM as an integral part of librarianship. More so, in order for LIS professionals to properly implement ICM practices, there is the need to acquire new management skills, strategic and policy-making skills, and have in-depth experience in the management of information. Finally, from the author's perspective, the success of ICM and KM in library organizations would require strong leadership and vision from top administration, which will influence the organization's sharing efforts as a culture.

Evaluating the Research Productivity of Pakistan in the 21st Century

The publications of scholarly communication have been considered as the driving force and the backbone for international development. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the scholarly research productivity by authors affiliated to Pakistan in all areas of knowledge. The Web of Science (WoS) database has been used to extract the records of publications produced by the authors affiliated to Pakistan and published during the 21st century from 2000 to 2019. The analysis of the retrieved documents has been conducted on the following parameters; distribution of publications by year, percentage, and annual growth rate; the top-20 most productive institutions, subject categories, collaborative countries, and preferred source publications. Findings have shown that 148,678 publications were produced by Pakistan with an average of 7,434 documents per year and 42% documents were produced during the last three years from 2017-19. COMSATS University Islamabad and Quaid-e-Azam University were found to be the most productive institutions while medicine general internal and engineering electrical electronic were found as the preferred areas of research. The examination of research showed that China is on the top, followed by United States and Saudi Arabia, but the highest citation impact in documents produced in collaboration with the authors are of Switzerland. Pakistan Journal of Botany has emerged as the most favorite source of publication. The state-of-the-art systematic research plays a significant role in the development of the country and is compulsory for sustainable developments. This study would help to re-examine the research strategies, support in the decision-making process, and further fund allocation. The result also highlights the strong and least preferred areas of research.

Cyberspace Security Threats and Attacks on E-Records Management at Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya

The digital revolution and internet connectivity are the power behind digital-based models in organizations. The broader reach and impact of cyberspace which is accelerating across Moi University seems to be generating complex challenge to address issues of e-records at Moi University. This chapter emanated from a thesis on e-records security management, and therefore investigates cyberspace security threats and attacks on e-records management at Moi University with a view to offering practical and policy interventions to address this challenge. Data was collected from Moi University staff using interviews and questionnaires and was analysed thematically and using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24. Findings revealed cyberspace as an e-records security challenge. Cybercriminals (hackers and crackers), when new technologies emerge, concurrently invent and discover new ways to tap in the new technologies with the intention to steal and corrupt e-records for their benefit, thus hurting the veracity of e-records and university's reputation. Cyber-attacks including an attempted attack on the network, viruses, and worms were widely mentioned in the findings as a threat to both the e-records, and the computer system that host them and storage devices. The chapter recommends that the university should set dynamic security strategy and vision, developing and implementing policies and adopting standards, threat analysis and assessment, integrated and intelligent cybersecurity management service, and investing in e-records security awareness campaigns and training for employees, among others.

The Role of Digital Libraries in Supporting Open Distance E-Learning

This chapter aims to discuss the potential of digital libraries to offer unparalleled resources for supporting open distance e-learning (ODeL). This chapter addresses and discusses such features as what is meant by ODeL and how it can be supported by the library and the functionality of the digital library, and how ODeL resources are included and organised in the digital library environment. The chapter explores the advantages of digital libraries for ODeL and the types of learning that can be supported by digital libraries. There is surely an interest in the usage of electronic resources for teaching, learning, and research, but this appears to be matched by a lack of awareness of how best to assimilate these resources into ODeL. The chapter provides valuable insight into the role and influence of digital libraries and e-resources on ODeL.

Strategies for Digitizing Records in Academic Higher Education in South Africa

Digitizing records ensures that the continuation of information value remains accessible and usable in all academic institutions. The study aimed to establish strategies being used for digitization of records in higher education institutions in South Africa. A case study design was found appropriate to investigate the strategies of digitizing records in KwaZulu-Natal. The study employed the qualitative research approach and collected data from the literature. Content analysis was used for data analysis. Furthermore, the study used an analytical review of empirical findings conversant of digitization of records in academic institutions as the strategy. Literature was reviewed across the world and narrowed down to KwaZulu-Natal intending to trace strategies being used by universities in KwaZulu-Natal. The findings revealed that most records are stored on the digital platforms or network servers that the university manages. Users across the world get access to these records and it gives the platform to download all records. The findings further revealed that records are stored and digitized individually from the portable devices. The study recommended that institutions should offer more training to the staff.

Records as Tools for Concealing and as Weapons for Fighting Corruption in Higher Educational Institutions in Zimbabwe

This chapter aimed at establishing how corruption is hidden and perpetuated through use of some records in a public university, yet records should provide evidence to prove malpractices. Using a questionnaire data were collected from a purposively selected sample of participants employed in a university's four administrative sections. The findings revealed that corrupt malpractices such as employment or promotion of unqualified personnel, unfair tender awarding, forging of records and documents were concealed in the records yet things appear to have been done above board. The study recommends an anti-corruption strategy to campaign against all forms of corruption in the university.

Records and Archives Management Education and Training Opportunities in Bangladesh

The main aim of this chapter is to contextualize the records and archives management (RAM) education and training opportunities in Bangladesh with a view to identify the opportunities and challenges ahead in this endeavour. Some public and private universities and National University affiliated colleges and institutions are providing RAM education and National Library, National Archives, National Museum of Bangladesh, etc. are providing RAM training opportunities hands on practice in Bangladesh. The author discusses the current curriculum of different academia and need for RAM education and training opportunities as a subset of information management, with an acknowledged impact on the systematic and efficient management of Bangladeshi institutions. The author shows how the focus of RAM have shifted over the recent past from the archival management of unwanted documents, to the management of electronic systems, giving records managers an equal standing with other professionals in the field of information management or knowledge management. The result reveals that training opportunities on RAM have increased the professionals' development in Bangladesh. The author feels this chapter may encourage more such research on RAM system in Bangladesh and beyond.

Records Management in the Fourth Industrial Revolution

The chapter looked at records management in the fourth industrial revolution (4IR) with the challenges and the way forward. The chapter discussed the industrial revolutions, records management, and the fourth industrial revolution (4IR), and described the advancement in records management in the 4IR based on the 4IR tools and technologies including artificial intelligence, blockchain, internet of things (IoT), robotics, and big data. The chapter also identified and discussed the benefits of technological advancement in the management of records; challenges of records management at the wake of 4IR and charted the way forward. In the context of document and records management, and taking into account all characteristics of the 4IR technologies and tools as well as its underlying technologies and concepts, the chapter concluded that the 4IR tools can be used to save time to create and process records, secure records from being damaged or destroyed, confirm the integrity of records, among others.

Webrarian

This chapter presents the current trends of Library on the web and the importance of the Librarian in the web-library as a webrarian (web-librarian). In the modern technological era, Ranganathan's five laws of the library may be extended to the web using information and communication technologies (ICTs). When the fundamental laws of library science are applied to the web, then the professional responsibilities and duties of a librarian will be enhanced in order to effectively and efficiently manage the web and serve the web users. Realizing the differences between the web and the library? An idea of the joint venture has been the practicalities of creating another platform for the both and the initiative is a library on the web which is well known as a web-library. Mostly libraries have their websites to organize information and resources and provide access to users for the collections of quality resources. The role of librarians is to adopt the Web technologies into the profession of librarianship. Librarians have been induced by technological developments to become more efficient as but not limited to the role of organizers, indexers, abstractors, archivers, data brokers, and webrarians.

The Situation of Bibliographic Control in Vietnamese Libraries

The role of bibliographic control in Vietnamese libraries is analyzed from various perspectives such as the function, objectives, and direction of standardization in cataloging. In Vietnam, the unified description cataloging and bibliographic control in libraries still faces many difficulties due to the inconsistent application of the MARC21, AACR2, DDC, ISBD, and other emerging cataloging standards in the Vietnamese library system. This chapter analyzes the limitations of applying standards through the Cataloguing in Publication (CIP) tool and offers suggestions for improving the situation for better bibliographic control and better information for users.