Մեսրոպ Մաշտոցի անվան հին ձեռագրերի ինստիտուտի արաբատառ ֆոնդի թիվ 1713 և Սաուդ թագավոր համալսարանի թիվ 6770 ձեռագրերում առկա մեկնաբանությունների և ծանոթագրությունների համեմատական բնութագիրը

2021 ◽  
pp. 136-143
Author(s):  
Vahe Hakobyan

The purpose of this article is to analyze the two manuscript versions of the work «The Confluence of the seas» composed by Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Halabi the prominent religious scholar who is also considered to be one of the outstanding representatives of the Hanafi religious law school, written by two different writers. The tasks arising from this goal are: to study the manuscript version of the work «Multaqa al-ābḥur» kept at the Mesrop Mashtots Institute of Ancient Manuscripts (Matenadaran, No. 1713) and the manuscript of the same work kept at King Saud University (No. 6770) and present a comparative description of the comments and footnotes in them. During the research various methods were used such as: the complex and systematic study method, methods of comparative analysis and juxtapose. As a result of our research it was concluded that there are clear and distinct differences in the comments and footnotes to the two manuscripts. There are chapters and subsections in which the commentators did not comment at all. Mostly, comments were made on those passages which the commentators found difficult for readers to understand.

2014 ◽  
Vol 638-640 ◽  
pp. 1185-1189
Author(s):  
Tan Hua

To explore the effects of different factors on the rheological properties of cariphalte modified asphalt, based superpave asphalt binder relevant norms, through the use of dynamic shear rheometer Shell 70# asphalt under different temperature, frequency and strain conditions and rheological properties of cariphalte modified asphalt carrying on a systematic study, and comparative analysis of the two anti-fatigue properties of asphalt in the middle and low temperature.The results show that: compared with 70# asphalt, cariphalte modified asphalt has better rutting resistance over a wide temperature range; at lower frequencies and high intensity pavement, cariphalte modified asphalt to better resistance to permanent deformation; better fatigue resistance at low temperatures, and more fatigue damage is not easy to achieve.


Author(s):  
У.П. Природина

В статье проводится исследование одного из сегментов топонимической системы шведского языка, а именно годонимов города Стокгольма, включающих в свой состав наименования животных. Цель исследования - установить структурно-семантические особенности избранной для изучения группы годонимов на основе анализа соотношения их с производящими словами, номинирующими различные виды птиц и млекопитающих, и показать важность избранной лексической группы в фиксации элементов шведской культуры. Актуальность статьи определяется главным образом важностью систематизированного изучения топонимов шведского языка и их лингвокультурной специфики. Избранный объект исследования рассматривается в двух ракурсах: лексикологическом и культурологическом. В первой части статьи изучаются структурно-семантические и, в частности, деривационные особенности отобранных единиц. Во второй части исследования данные наименования подвергаются культурологическому описанию, а именно, с точки зрения национально-культурного содержания, соотносимого с зоологическим компонентом годонимов города Стокгольма. Проанализированы 64 годонима города Стокгольма, производящей основой которых являются лексемы, называющие различные виды птиц и млекопитающих, имеющих важное значение в производственно-материальной деятельности шведов или представляющих определенные символы их духовной деятельности. В работе использованы следующие методы исследования: метод наблюдения, описательный метод и метод дефиниционного анализа, метод сопоставительного анализа и метод этимологического анализа. Результаты проведенного исследования дают представление о национальных особенностях зоологического кода шведской культуры, а также вносят некоторый вклад в развитие ономастики. Статья может быть интересна специалистам в области языкознания и культурологии, преподавателям шведского языка, аспирантам и студентам лингвистического и культурологического направлений подготовки. The article investigates one of the segments of the toponymic system of the Swedish language, namely the godonyms in Stockholm, which include the names of animals. The purpose of the study is to establish the structural-semantic features of the group of godonyms chosen for studying on the basis of analyzing their relationship with the producing words that nominate various species of birds and mammals, and to show the importance of the chosen lexical group in fixing the elements of the Swedish culture. The relevance of the article is determined mainly by the importance of a systematic study of the toponyms of the Swedish language and their linguistic and cultural specifics. The selected object of study is considered in two ways: lexicological and culturological. In the first part of the article, structural-semantic and, in particular, derivational features of the selected units are studied. In the second part of the study, these names are subjected to a culturological description, namely, from the point of view of the national-cultural content, which is correlated with the zoological component of the godonyms in Stockholm. 64 godonyms in Stockholm are analyzed, the production basis of which are lexemes that name various species of birds and mammals, which are important in the production and material activities of the Swedes or represent certain symbols of their spiritual activity. The following research methods were used in the work: observation method, descriptive method and method of definition analysis, comparative analysis method and etymological analysis method. The results of the study give an idea of the national features of the zoological code of the Swedish culture, and also make some contribution to the development of onomastics. The article may be of interest to specialists in the field of linguistics and cultural studies, teachers of the Swedish language, postgraduate students and students of linguistic and cultural studies.


2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Soudabeh Marin

This paper suggests the use of cultural expertise as encompassing concept that can account for the natural cultural competence developed in Iran. In earlier times, Zoroastrian law was first based on religious norms and the primary theological division between sins and offenses. Iranians had to adapt to different legal systems: customary law, religious law and secular law. Priests, jurists, judges, officials and translators were the main cultural “experts” and mediators between the people and the normative institutions. The introduction of imami legal theories and jurisprudence in the 16th century together with the reinforcement of the secular political power engaged Iran in a stabilized judicial context ruled by shiʿi scholars, qāzis and mujtahids. In 1919, as a consequence of the new French inspired Constitution, the Ministry of Justice, in order to train a new generation of judges, magistrates and justice personnel, set up a law school. Professors, who can be considered as cultural experts, contributed to the acculturation process initiated in the judicial system. Examples of his continuous struggle are recounted in Ostad Elahi's (1895-1974) memoirs, relating the difficulty Iranians had to accept the change, both cultural and psychological, initiated by the modernization and westernization program put into operation (1911-1935).


2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald L. Breiger ◽  
Julia Grace Smith

Progress in theorizing networks and events requires formulating a greater diversity of networks and, in particular, enabling network analysis to exploit relations between events and the attributes, actions, and variables that characterize them. We advance this line of inquiry in dialogue with a recent approach to the systematic study of violent conflicts among state actors and groups of people who refuse to accept their governments’ power. One productive way to analyze an insurgency is to view it as a network of sequenced events across stages (periods) of conflict. We explore this formulation, identify limitations, and present illustrative analysis demonstrating how new and useful insights can be obtained by combining our formal approach with one grounded in the comparative analysis of case studies.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
L.I. Chernyshova ◽  
A.V. Chernyshov

Background. The outbreak of the disease, caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, began in mid-December 2019 in China. The infection quickly spread around the world and became a global pandemic, causing “the greatest quarantine in human history”. Nevertheless, the pandemic continues, and in some countries, there are repeated waves of rising incidence. Less than 12 months after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, several research groups accepted the challenge and developed vaccines that protect against SARS-CoV-2. The purpose was to compare the main vaccines against COVID-19. Materials and methods. Existing instructions for vaccines, intermediate results of vaccine efficacy studies, as well as recommendations of the WHO, EMA, CDC and others were used. A comparative analysis of existing data on COVID-19 vaccines was performed. Results. A comparative description of the composition of vaccines and their mechanism of action, storage temperature, indications and contraindications to vaccination, vaccination regimens and methods of vaccination, vaccination efficacy, side effects, prevention in contact persons and in patients who have become ill has been made. Conclusions. The identified features of the composition of vaccines and their usage can be used in immunoprophylaxis against COVID-19.


2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-356
Author(s):  
Layla Wilkie-Buckley

On 11 and 12 March, an international and interdisciplinary conference was held at Cardiff Law School to mark the tenth anniversary of the foundation of its Centre for Law and Religion. Eleven professors, all of whom are leading scholars with international reputations in this field, addressed the changing understandings of the family in international law, state law and religious law. The papers given provided a clear illustration of the vast array of areas in which law, religion and the family interplay and affect each other through the application of the law, such as legislative developments concerning same-sex relationships, biomedicine and religious reservations, and developments that illustrate a changing understanding of what constitutes a family.


2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Wodehouse ◽  
Gokula Vasantha ◽  
Jonathan Corney ◽  
Ross Maclachlan ◽  
Ananda Jagadeesan

This paper presents a new crowdsourcing approach to the construction of patent clusters, and systematically benchmarks it against previous expert and algorithmic approaches. Patent databases should be rich sources of inspiration which could lead engineering designers to novel solutions for creative problems. However, the sheer volume and complexity of patent information means that this potential is rarely realised. Rather than the keyword driven searches common in commercial systems, designers need tools that help them to understand patents in the context of the problem they are considering. This paper presents an approach to address this problem by using crowd intelligence for effective generation of patent clusters at lower cost and with greater rationale. A systematic study was carried out to compare the crowd’s efficiency with both expert and algorithmic patent clusters, with the results indicating that the crowd was able to create 80% more patent pairs with appropriate rationale.


2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Mingxin Li

<p><em>The Analects, Chinese original name Lun Yu, as the most important Confucius book, has enjoyed its powerful vitality with its enduring influence in Sinology home and abroad. People have made many attempts to explore its problems of translations, hoping to account for factors behind individual versions of Lun Yu. However, what the researchers based either on language-oriented or culture-oriented theory, a systematic study is on demand with the development on Confucianism research. This thesis explores two English versions of Lun Yu in light of the adaptation theory of Translational ecology. It provides a new way to interpret Lun Yu as the representative cultural classic. The research objective can be attained as: in light of Verscheren’s adaptation theory, different translations of Lun Yu can be investigated comprehensively at the Language-internal and the language-external levels. The adaptation theory can manifest the translators’ subjectivity according to different eco-translational environment. Moreover, the research focuses on Kung Hung ming’s translation version and Arther Waley’s version with their distinct features which can thrown light on the readers to understand Lun Yu from a new perspective. In this thesis, a descriptive approach is adopted in the comparative analysis on the two versions of Lun Yu. This research can provide an attempting and concept for the broader context of translation study.</em></p>


2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monalisa Febriani ◽  
Jufrizal Jufrizal

Social dialect is a branch of dialectology discusses about different language used because of social socio-economic background and educational background. From those background differences, it turns out to cause linguistic phenomena in the use of language which is one of the symbols as a determinant of social status. Most researchers have studied about different language used due to social status that discussed the language variety, meanwhile in this research the different language used is discussed in three aspect such as different diction, different pronunciation and different suprasegmental (stress) between employees and labourers in Padang. The method used in this research is by provoking the informant to utter the words researcher intended by using interview guideline. The data are words that are explained in comparative description form. The result of this research is there are found 5 types of different diction, 3 types of different pronunciation with the same diction and 3 types of different stressed sound with the same diction used between employees and labourers in Padang. 


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