Application of Simulation Technologies for Formation of Safety Related Competences

The formation of safety-related competencies is a difficult task. These specific safety competencies, unlike other competencies, are difficult to fully develop by providing safety learners and students. Simulation Technologies could be the solution to make it easier for students to develop competencies related to human safety. In this thesis, the following methods were used: analysis of scientific literature, projective methods, mathematical methods – in particular registration and ranking, theoretical methods including: analysis, synthesis, generalization, comparison, conclusions, modeling, induction, deduction. The study showed that the use of simulation technologies allows creating conditions for the formation of the necessary competencies without increased risk for applicants and others. One of the most promising technologies for the formation of safety-related competencies is the use of virtual reality. The use of simulation technologies in the educational process will intensify it and improve the quality of education. Simulation technologies should take a special place in the training of specialists whose professional activities are associated with increased risk, as well as with significant negative consequences of erroneous decisions, in particular in the training of rescuers, military specialists, police, operators of complex systems (including transport, nuclear, etc.), medical workers, in the aerospace industry, etc.

The Phenomenon of Cognitive Polyphasia in Social Representations on the Mentally

The present study is focused on the phenomenon of cognitive polyphasia in the context of representations of mentally ill people by different groups of society. The authors put at the forefront the problem of finding the conditions for the actualization of cognitive polyphasia. The study was aimed at identifying manifestations of cognitive polyphasia in the structure of social representations (SRs) of the mentally ill in the groups of Orthodox respondents and non-believers. The sample consisted of Orthodox Christians: N = 114 (49 males and 65 females) and non-believers: N = 113 (76 males and 37 females) in the age ranges 18-23, 40-45 and 60-65 years, permanently residing in Moscow. The survey of the respondents at the main stage of the research was carried out using: (1) the authors questionnaire developed on the basis of the results of the search stage and including 29 statements; (2) a scale of self-assessed degree of religiosity; (3) a modified D. Feldes Psychological Distance Scale; (4) a modified sentence completion method; (5) the Bubbles technique and (6) a question pool for obtaining socio-demographic information. The results showed that the emotional component of SRs of the mentally ill changed their modality depending on the survey methods used. When the respondents evaluated the statements of the questionnaire, the core of SRs in both groups contained elements that were extremely sympathetic towards the mentally ill, and the statements revealing negative emotions (the possibility of contracting a mental illness or the need to isolate these people from society) were on the periphery of their representations. At the same time, the data of the projective methods showed that the negative representation background (as compared to the positive one) in relation to mentally ill people significantly predominated among both believers and non-believers. The negative representation of the mentally ill is most pronounced in the group of non-believers and reaches the highest rates in the group of 60-65-year-old respondents. We regard such ambivalence as a manifestation of cognitive polyphasia and, in particular, its variety, i.e., selective prevalence.

Research of relationship of functional-role positions (ego-states) with indicators of future specialists’ independence

The purpose of empirical research is to establish the relationship of functional-role positions (ego-states) with other indicators of future professionals ’independence to establish the level of manifestation of functional ego-states. The investigation contemplated methods are projective methods, psychodiagnostic methods with valid scales, author’s method “Indirect self-assessment of independence” (“ISI”) and the author’s questionnaire “Persuasion in independence” (“PII”). The results indicated that the most important for the respondents the value of independence, the more they are focused on taking into account the actual possibilities and autonomous action on the basis of objective data (ego-state “Adult”), as well as control, management, criticism of other people (ego-state “Parent-controller”). Therefore, the more autonomous respondents, the less interdependent they are, and vice versa.

Projective Indicators of Emotional Destabilization in Children in the Practice of Psychological and Pedagogical Expertise

Psychological and pedagogical expertise is part of divorce proceedings. It is intended to resolve custody disputes and diagnose the emotional status of the child by various projective methods. The research objective was to identify effective projective referents of emotional instability and conflict in 63 children going through a custody trial. The control group included 56 children. The subjects were asked to draw a non-existent animal with crayons. The parameters evaluated on a dichotomous scale included: crosshatching, sketching, erasing and correcting, strong pressure, wounds or scars on the animal's body, weak legs, two or more heads, brightness and polychromy. The φ*-Fischer angular transformation criterion was used to compare the frequency in two independent samples and to assess the reliability of the differences. If the imaginary creature had two heads, it was a sign with a high differentiating power, which indicated an internal conflict and emotional contradiction in the child and, as a result, psychological instability. The polychromic pattern also proved different: the children in the experimental group appeared less likely to use color, which may indicate their low energy tone and depressed emotional state. Imaginary creatures on weak legs also proved more common in the experimental group, suggesting the children were going through an unbalanced state. Other parameters were quite rare in both groups.

Հոգեդիագնոստիկ մեթոդների կիրառման առանձնահատկությունները անձի պաշտպանական մեխանիզմների ուսումնասիրման գործընթացում

The purpose of the article is to put forward and justify the approach according to which, in psychological consultation, especially in the course of studying of protective mechanisms of the person, the application of the characteristics of the psychodiagnostics methods should strictly be taken into account. Our task is to reveal the role of obligatory psychological testing in practical therapy and the exact psychological estimation, particularly highlighting the importance of the harmonious standardized psychodiagnostic tests and projective methods, to try to clarify the comparative boundaries from the point of view of corroboration and efficiency of the methods of being objective-subjective. The model «Big Five» developed by P.Costa and McCray which is objectively revealing the personal traits of people nowadays, is observed as an example. As a result of the conceptual analysis, we came to the conclusion that in order to achieve a positive result, both in the research and applied areas of psychology, it is advisable to harmoniously apply a reliable method of reliable psychological assessment (psychodiagnostics) and target psychological influence is purposeful. Considering that psychology sphere is differentiated with its direct relevance to personal traits and mental processes of a person, a reference is also made to the main characteristics of the specialist, on the basis of which the latter is authorized to process the information of a person's mental world in front of him and give a positive result.

Analysis of Individual and Social Forms of Psychological Trauma

The article attempts to determine its socio-psychological essence through the analysis of the social form of psychological trauma, as well as to identify the psychological nature of the pathological neoplasms that have arisen as a result of it, the specificity of which largely determines the methods and technology of personalistic counseling. These neoplasms are both individual psychological, including the sphere of experiences, and socio-psychological, affecting the relationship of the victims. The integration of the dominant parasitic "Ego" into the depth of the victim's personality, up to the very first level of the primary trusting relationship between the all-powerful and loving mother and a helpless child, we called the introjection of the personifier. As a result of the analysis, we come to the need for a specific restructuring of the irrational relationships of the victim with two other participants in the traumatic situation: the beneficiary, who receives personal benefits from this situation, and the reference group of the victim, who is traumatically personified by him in the image of an impersonal social personifier. The main methods of victims’ examination during the thirty years of counseling were: clinical conversation and projective methods of personality research.

CHANGES IN DANGER PERCEPTION AT DIFFERENT LEVELS OF LOCKDOWN DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN WOMEN

Background. Current investigations shows substantial effect of personal experience on danger perception. During COVID-19 pandemic many people reported about psychological discomfort, anxiety, fear, comes from infection itself and collateral effects of pandemic. Investigations in psychology of risk indicate personal experience as one of components of risk perception. In the same time there are no clearance of the effect of experience of particular danger on wide spectrum of hazards. Objective. Our aim was to clarify the effect of pandemic experience on perception of dangers of external world, to assess quantitative and quantitative differences in danger perception on different stages of coronavirus spread and restrictions rate in Russian sample. Design. The research uses original diagnostic complex designed for danger perception assessment: Photo-test “Danger estimate test based on photos”, modified Drawn Apperceptive Test, DAT (itself a modification of Thematic Apperceptive Test), “unfinished sentences” test (original set). The research had two stages. The first stage was held before coronavirus start spreading in Russia (February 2020) and before restrictions were imposed. The second stage of research was held in the period of pandemic acceleration and hard restrictions (March-April 2020). The research was held online Sample size: 57 undergraduates aged 18–24 years. Results. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed. In Phototest integral score of perceived danger is higher on second stage (p ≤ 0.05) as well as anthropogenic score (p ≤ 0.01). Natural and social scores shows no significant differences. There are mentions of coronavirus are found in answers to unfinished sentences on the second stage of research. Conclusion. Experience of danger situation substantially increases perceived risk score concerning actual hazard. Projective methods shows an actualization of the hazard theme. Experience of pandemic danger don’t effect on assessment of interpersonal relationships risks.

USE OF METAPHORIC ASSOCIATIVE CARDS FOR WORKING WITH OWNERSHIP RELATIONS

The paper deals with the understanding of property relations, a sense of ownership, and the need for property. Ownership relations are presented as a wide range of interactions with or around property, which is based on three interrelated elements: the owner, the target of ownership, and others (potential owners or those who must recognize the legitimacy of psychological possession). Ownership relations, as well as a very sense of ownership, on the one hand is often unconscious, background, and on the other - an ambiguous attitude on the part of society, which encourages people to hide their feelings about a target of ownership. Therefore, to work with such queries, it is best to use, especially in the initial stages, projective methods, including metaphorical associative cards. The aim of the article is to substantiate the practical techniques and means of the psychologists’ work with property relations, attitude towards property and feeling a sense of ownership with metaphorical associative cards as a tool for diagnosing and correcting client behavior and feelings about property relations. Methods. To achieve the goal of the study, the methods of analysis, synthesis and comparison are used to understand the general algorithm of work with the topic of psychological ownership and in general the principles and techniques of working with MAC, as well as the descriptive method. The main demands that can be caused by ownership relations are jealousy, envy, pathological accumulation, waste, excessive frugality, greed, feelings of loss of property, inability to own, irresponsibility, and so on. The possibility of using metaphorical associative cards as a projective method for diagnostic and correctional-therapeutic work of a psychologist with property relations is substantiated. The advantages of metaphorical associative cards for working with such type of queries are shown. The basic algorithms of request processing are described, as well as the techniques "Relationship with the target of ownership", "Ownership and parental guidelines" are presented. It has been shown that projective methods are an effective tool in the work of a psychologist and psychotherapist with such often unconscious issues as ownership and the desire for possession.

CRITERIA OF SOCIAL AND PROFESSIONAL PREPAREDNESS OF PENAL OFFICERS

В статье рассматривается одна из актуальных проблем кадровой политики Российского правового государства на современном этапе развития. Уголовно-исполнительная система нуждается в сотрудниках, способных противостоять агрессии со стороны спецконтингента в рамках международных требований, использовать свои должностные полномочия в соответствии с законом и способствовать адаптации осужденных к условиям изоляции от общества и дальнейшей ресоциализации. Одним из возможных путей решения проблемы является формирование социально-профессиональной готовности сотрудников пенитенциарной системы, обучающихся по программе профессионального обучения в вузах ФСИН России. Опираясь на положения А. М. Столяренко и принимая во внимание специфические особенности профессиональной деятельности сотрудника уголовно-исполнительной системы, авторами были определены критерии социально-профессиональной готовности: аксиологический, интеллектуальный, эмоционально-волевой, коммуникативно-поведенческий и рефлексивный. Для определения уровня сформированности был использован пакет психодиагностических методик, включающий в себя метод беседы, интервьюирования, феноменологическую технику и стандартизированные тесты. Исследование проводилось на базе Пермского института ФСИН России. Респондентами выступили сотрудники, впервые принятые на службу в уголовно-исполнительную систему Российской Федерации, находящиеся на должностях рядового и младшего начальствующего состава, в количестве 168 человек. В результате психологической диагностики по каждому критерию социально-профессиональной готовности были определены уровни: начальный, допустимый, профессиональный. Анализ полученных результатов свидетельствует, что у большинства сотрудников (44,4 %) по всем критериям отмечается начальный уровень. В связи с этим возникает необходимость в создании специальных педагогических условий на этапе освоения программы профессионального обучения в образовательных организациях ФСИН России. Анализ полученных данных в результате использования проективных методов позволил определить основные направления. Приоритетным направлением должно стать совершенствование института наставничества. Второе направление предполагает создание педагогического условия по организации социального партнерства между ведомственными образовательными учреждениями и пенитенциарными учреждениями. Включение в рабочие учебные программы специальных курсов по формированию коммуникативных компетенций для конструктивного общения с субъектами профессиональной деятельности, в том числе и с осужденными, является третьим педагогическим условием, обеспечивающим формирование социально-профессиональной готовности сотрудников уголовно-исполнительной системы. The article views one of the urgent problems of Russian personnel policy as the rule of law state at the present stage of development. The penal system of Russia needs the officers who can counter detainees’ aggression according international requirements, use their official powers in conformity with the law, and contribute to convicts’ adaptation to incarceration conditions and further resocialization. One of the possible ways to solve the problem is to provide social and professional preparedness of penal officers training in Professional Education Program at departmental institutions of higher education of the Federal Penal Service of Russia. Relying on the ideas of A.M. Stolyarenko and taking into account particular features of penal officers’ professional activity, the authors define criteria of social and professional preparedness: axiological, intellectual, emotional and volitional, communicative and behavioural, reflexive. To determine the preparedness level, the set of psychodiagnostic methods, including the method of conversation, interviewing, phenomenological techniques and standardized tests, was used. The survey was carried out at Perm Institute of the Federal Penal Service. Respondents were officers obtained employment in the service in the penal system of the Russian Federation, occupied positions of enlisted and junior commanding staff, totally 168 people. By the results of psychological diagnostics, the levels (initial, permissible, professional) were identified for each of criterion. The analysis of results obtained shows that the majority of officers (44,4 %) has the initial level of all the criteria. Thereby the need of creation of special pedagogical conditions at the stage of mastering Professional Education Program in departmental educational organizations of the Federal Penal Service of Russia arises. Due to using projective methods, the analysis of findings allows ascertaining the main directions. Improving the institution of tutorship should be the first priority. The second direction assumes providing such pedagogical condition as organization of social partnership between departmental educational establishments and penal facilities. Inclusion special courses on forming communicative competencies for constructive dialogue with subjects of professional activity (including convicts) in academic course working programs is the third pedagogical condition guaranteeing formation of penal officers’ social and professional preparedness.

Mental regulators of shift employees in diamond mining in the far north

The article presents an analysis of mental regulators of fly-in-fly-out personnel in diamond mining in the Far North. The study involved 70 fly-in-fly-out workers operating in the diamond mining in Far North. In our study, we relied on the concept of E. A. Klimov, who distinguished three groups of mental regulators of labor: representation of labor object, representation of labor subject, subject-object and subject-subject relations. Research methods are psychophysiological and psychological testing aimed at the diagnosis of mental regulators of labor, as well as questionnaires and projective methods for a qualitative study of mental regulators of labor. We have developed a questionnaire, which included such parameters as the assessment of comfort/discomfort of climatic and geographical, industrial and social conditions; assessment of the degree of danger of various professional situations that may arise during a fly-in; self-assessment of oneself as a professional, one’s professional skills, knowledge and adherence to safety precautions, personal qualities, job satisfaction, “price” of activity. We also developed a method of unfinished sentences. We conducted a content analysis of the results of the method of unfinished sentences, where we identified categories and subcategories related to the representation of labor object, representation of labor subject, subject-object and subject-subject relations. Statistical processing was carried out using multidimensional methods. As a result of the study, the peculiarities of the mental regulators of labor of fly-in-fly-out workers in diamond mining were identified, which must be taken into account when developing more targeted programs for supporting fly-in-fly-out work and selecting personnel in mining companies.