Making Sense of Public-Private Partnership: A Case of Punjab Education Foundation

The difference between policy rhetoric of Public Private Partnership PPPs and likely outcomes of these reforms call forth a dialectic investigation of the reform-agenda processes and the actors involved in it. This paper is based on a case analysis of PPP Model of Punjab Education foundation (PEF), which was established in the wake of neo-liberalism. The Model of PPP is considered to be responsible for a mushroom growth of Private entrepreneurs for the provision of public education. The private provision of education is legitimized in the garb of efficiency, quality and access. These public private partnership reforms are dictated by the donor agencies and IFIs as the hegemonic power to remotely control the policies ultimately resulting into ideological shifts in developing countries like Pakistan. Using the sense making technique the contents of the PPP model and the underlying rationale for the inception of Punjab Education Foundation are explained in the light of the governance context of Pakistan; hence the nature of this paper is more predictive than descriptive to explain the likely and apparent repercussions of Public-Private Partnerships as a reform agenda in the education sector of Pakistan.

Sustainable Leadership Enhance Innovation: A Systematic Review of Past Decade

The globalization has made it manadory for the industries to introduce novel ideas in the products and services that they offer, and that is due to the rapidly increasing competition. For this prevaling innovation, it is very important for the management to adopt the right type of leadership. A managerial perception having the aim of producing constant and better results and reducing turnover and absenteeism of employees and last but not the least hastening the inventions and new creations, is called sustainable leadership. The purpose of this review is to facilitate the researchers by providing an authentic relationship that exits between the sustainable leadership and innovation that is stated after studying 27 articles. This study comprises a review of literature encompassing past 9 years, this research involves and provides many pieces of guidance for researchers and leaders.

Impact of Taxes on Unemployment of Pakistan.

This study focuses to find out the impact of taxes on unemployed labor force of Pakistan. Since Pakistan is among the countries which have high unemployment rates, this study is conducted to find whether taxes have an impact on unemployment of Pakistan or not. The independent variable of study includes tax revenues while the dependent variable includes unemployed labor force of Pakistan. To find out this impact, data on both the mentioned variables is collected for the period of 36 years that is from year 1980 to 2016-17. Results from Linear Regression Analysis shows that tax revenues have positive and significant impact on unemployed labor force of Pakistan, which means; with the increase in taxes the unemployment of Pakistan also increases.

Satisfaction Level of Health Insured and Financial Profitability of Health Insurance Companies from Health Insurance Product

The research is focused on finding whether the insurance companies are providing health insurance to their clients are enough to meet their expectations or the employees are bound to pay the premium for availing the employer-based health insurance. Another part of the study is focused on finding the financial profitability of health insurance companies particularly, from the health insurance product they are offering to their clients. The premium these companies charging are enough to generate the profitability of health insurance companies or there is not any significant impact on their profitability from this product. It is obvious that a sick employee would be less interested in his or her work and the ratio of absenteeism will increase. The main purpose is to evaluate if providing health insurance is a profitable activity for both sides. This research was conducted through primary data; the data has been collected with the help of adopted questionnaire and a sample size is of 70 respondents. It is found from the research that employees are moderately satisfied with employer-based insurance facility and there is not any significant difference between premium paid and utilized. So, insurance companies are earning less from health insurance product.

Traditional Institutions and Their Roles: Toward Achieving Stable Democracy in Nigeria

Traditional institutions are formed to play a vital role in society, this paper examined the roles of traditional rulers in accomplishing stable democracy in Nigerian. Indeed, in the olden days, traditional rulers are believing to be royal fathers in their various domain, and they perform better in accomplishing firm democracy, but with coming of colonialist and democracy, the role of the traditional rulers became less recognized in the democratic system. This paper is qualitative in nature where data were obtained from secondary sources, and systematically reviewed these includes; books, journals, newspapers, magazines, published and unpublished documents. The study found that traditional institutions play a significant role in the olden days. But with the advent of the British colonial master and democracy, their power became less recognized in the democratic movements, this is because the traditional rulers were negated and have less power in the society. In explaining the topic under study, the researcher adopted two theories; these are Servant Leadership theory and Dependency theory, these theories centered on the autonomy of the traditional rulers and the qualities of the rulers in each society. the paper recommended that in order to have a steady democracy traditional institution need to be independent in discharging their duties, they also need to serve their people first not people to serve them. The paper concludes that traditional institutions play an important role in achieving a stable democracy if given autonomy and possess all leadership qualities.

Youth Empowerment Program In Nigeria: A Strategy For Poverty Alleviation And National Development

Development is a process of attaining sustainable growth and the system's ability to cope with periodic changes in the realization of political, economic and social development through policies and programs. Successful governments in Nigeria have introduced several programs to alleviate poverty and attain national development. This paper is positioned on the qualitative method of social science research using secondary sources of data to examine the impact of the Youth Empowerment Program (YEP) on poverty reduction and national development. The study reveals that Low GDP growth, economic recession, and low investment are direct causes in the shrinking demand for job opportunities for the teeming unemployed youth and above all a mirror image of the state of an economy. It, therefore, explains that YEP has not alleviated poverty among the target beneficiaries and has insignificantly contributed to national development. The paper attributed poor performance of YEP to the high rate of unemployment in the country and therefore recommends for empowering the youth by exposing them into different vocational skills may help them to engage into sustainable-income and self-empowerment for national development which will lead to sustained poverty alleviation.

Impact Of Sustainable Leadership Practices On Public Sector Organizations: A Systematic Review of Past Decade

Leadership has identified as the important factor that participates in the public sector organization success. Therefore, the leader’s and subordinates effort put together in order to enhance the performance of an organization by leadership. In recent years, different leadership concepts have emerged for increasing sustainability of the organization in terms of sustainable leadership that is the newly established leadership style. This paper addresses the relationship between 23 sustainable leadership practices towards enhancing the performance of the organization. This paper purpose is to explore the theoretical review that sustainable leadership practices have an effect on public sector organizations. This literature review is gained from books and journals of SL practices in public organizations. The overall determination of this paper to highlight the benefits and values of leadership sustainability and practices by leaders adapted in public sector organizations

Capture-Recapture Sampling Techniques: Artificial and Real Population Data Analysis

Capture-Recapture sampling methods are being used to estimate the population size of an unknown population. These methods are widely used for determining the population size of animals and birds. Literature shows that these methods were purely used by ecologist in the past. But now-a-days, these methods are also used to determine the chronic diseases, for example, cancer patients, HIV Aid patients, etc. Not only this, many studies had conducted to determine the road accidents ratios on different points. This study covered two examples; one was the total number of female drivers at Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan and the second example was about the total number of male smokers at Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan. On these two examples, the basic capture-recapture sampling methods were used which involved Lincoln Peterson Index, Chapman Estimate and Schnable Estimate. Then an artificial data with known population was created and same methods were used for analysis. In the end, the results of artificial data and two examples were compared with each other through analysis on excel sheet.

The Influence of Secondary Schoolteachers on Educational Sustainability in Mubi Nigeria.

The implementation of effective public awareness programs for environmental sustainability depends on certain symbolic steps that require the contribution and participation of each stakeholder. This aspect is generally believed to be to a larger extent based on the understanding of the cultural, economic, political and environmental realities of the domain under consideration. This article assesses the level of environmental sustainability awareness of some schools in Mubi, a locality in the extreme North-Eastern part of Nigeria with its unique cultures and attitudes towards the subject. The teacher and his students were targeted in the survey since this is one important institution upon which the future of societies is based. The survey conducted reveals the level of practice of environmental sustainability among this strong media of information dissemination (primary and secondary schools). Areas of concern in the result of the assessment were highlighted. Recommendations in areas of further improvements were suggested.

Factors Affecting University Selection: Empirical Evidence from Hyderabad, Pakistan

Selection in Hyderabad, Pakistan. Method/Design: There are three independent variables selected, which are Financial Variable, Institutional Awareness and Institutional characteristics and the selected dependent variable is University selection. A 5 Likert scale adopted questionnaire was used as the instrument for the research. The data was gathered from a sample of 130 students and was analyzed by applying reliability (Cronbach’s Alpha) and Multiple regression in SPSS version 20. Findings: It was concluded from the findings of the research that Financial Variable and Institutional characteristics have a positive and significant impact on university selection. Whereas, Institutional Awareness was found to have negative and insignificant impact on university selection. Practical Implications: It is recommended that universities should consider these factors in order to increase the enrollment in their university. This will also improve the name and reputation of the university. Students should also consider these factors in order to select a proper university.