Relationship of Personal Hygiene and Nutritional Status to Intestinal Parasitic Infection in Simo, Boyolali

<p>Intestinal parasitic infections are caused by protozoa, STH and non-STH worms. Immunity, which can be determined by measuring nutritional status, and personal hygiene can affect the occurrence of intestinal parasite infections. This study aims to determine the relationship between personal hygiene and nutritional status against intestinal parasite infections in elementary school students in Simo Boyolali. This type of analytic observational research with a cross sectional approach. Total sampling was taken at elementary school of Wates, Talakbroto 1, and Kedunglengkong 1 Simo, Boyolali. There were 11 students with worms infections, 16 with protozoa infections, and 4 with worms and protozoa infection. There was a relationship between washing hands before eating (p = 0.004), after eating (0.027), after defecating (p = 0.04), biting nails (p = 0.008), wearing footwear when leaving the house (p = 0.008) , removing shoes while playing during school breaks (p = 0.001), and nutritional status (p = 0.002) with intestinal parasite infection. There was no relationship between nail clipping once a week (p = 0.118) and the availability of a latrine (p = 0.416) with intestinal parasitic infections. So, there is a relationship between personal hygiene (washing hands before eating, after eating, after defecating, biting nails, wearing footwear when leaving the house, removing shoes when playing during school breaks, and nutritional status) and intestinal parasitic infections.</p><p> </p><p>Keywords<strong>:</strong> elementary school; protozoa; worms.</p>

Vitamin E and Antioxidants Content of Portulaca oleracea L. Form Various Altitudes in East Java, Indonesia

<p>This study aims to obtain purslane plants as a source of local food and a quality bioactive component from various altitudes in East Java, Indonesia. Purslane planting materials were collected from the lowlands &lt;200 m asl in Surabaya, medium plains 200-800 m asl in Malang DAU, and highlands&gt; 800 m asl in Batu, Malang. Analysis of vitamin E was as total tocopherol. The results of the analysis of the content of <em>Portulaca oleraceae</em> L. of vitamin E were as followed: in the highlands 0.1056%, medium lands 0.1253%, and lowlands 1.162%. The analysis showed that <em>Portulaca oleraceae</em> L. could be a source of high quality local food and bioactive components because it contains vitamin E and antioxidants.</p><p>Keywords<strong>:</strong> bioactive components; local food; lowland.<strong></strong></p><p> </p>

Effects of Gamma Irradiation on Phenotypic Changes in Vanda Hybrid

<p>Vanda Orchid is one of the most popular ornamental plants. Orchids have slow growth. One way to overcome this weakness is by using gamma-ray irradiation. This research aimed to study the morphological characters of various radiation doses resulting from the crossing of the Vanda Orchid. This study was carried out by observing the characters of vegetative growth for each plant on 0 Gy, 10 Gy, 20 Gy, 30 Gy, 40 Gy, and 50 Gy doses of gamma irradiation treatments. The observed variables were the increase in plant height, leaf length, root length, number of roots, number of leaves, leaf width, and leaf color. The results showed that the dose of gamma-ray irradiation were able to increase plant height. 10 Gy and 20 Gy, gamma-ray irradiation doses, resulted in discolored yellowing of orchid leaves. The discoloration of orchid leaves to light green occurs at irradiation doses of 30 Gy, 40 Gy, and 50 Gy. The morphological characteristics of <em>Vanda</em> sp. hybrid results gamma irradiation are high at dose 10-40 Gy.</p><p> </p><p>Keywords:<strong> </strong>characteristics; morphological; orchid.</p>

The Effect of Concentration and Time Interval of Kinetin Application on The Growth of Daun Duduk (Desmodium triquetrum L.) Seeds

<p>Daun duduk (<em>Desmodium triquetrum </em>L.) is a medicinal plant that has the power to treat hemorrhoids, but has not been widely cultivated. This research was conducted to obtain the right concentration and time interval of kinetin application to increase the growth of Daun duduk seedlings. This research was conducted from November 2019 until March 2020 at the Screen House, Faculty of Agriculture, UNS. The factors of the experiment were concentration of kinetin (0 ppm, 10 ppm, 20 ppm and 30 ppm) and the time interval of application (once every three months, once every 1.5 months and once a month). The parameters observed in this study were plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, number of branches, number of roots, root length, fresh stover and dry stover. The results showed that the single factor of kinetin concentration could increase plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, number of branches and dry stover. Meanwhile, the time interval for application and the interaction between the two factors did not have any significant effect. The most effective kinetin concentration in increasing the growth of Daun duduk was 30 ppm.</p><p> </p><p>Keywords<strong>:</strong> growth regulators; herbal medicines; plant height.</p>

Antibacterial Activity Test of Ethanol Extract and SAP of Betung Bamboo Shoot (Dendrocalamus asper) Against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bacteria

<p>Boiled water from bamboo shoots is often used for pneumonia and a cleanser for the wound. It is known that bamboo can be an antibacterial agent because it has saponin, alkaloid, and flavonoid. This research aims to study whether ethanol extract and sap from bamboo betung shoot (<em>Dendrocalamus asper</em>) has secondary metabolism and antibacterial activity against <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> and <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>. The extract was taken by maceration method using ethanol 96%, and the sap was taken from the water of bamboo shoot. Antibacterial activity test was conducted using disc diffusion method to measure the magnitude of inhibitory power at six concentration ratios of b/v solutions (10%; 20%; 30%; 40%; 50%; 60%). The result showed that ethanol extract and sap of bamboo betung shoot contained saponin, quercetin, and quinine which were supposed to have antibacterial activity against <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> and <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>. The largest inhibitory zone diameter was found in ethanol extract 60% with the category of moderate inhibition of 9.05 ± 0.12 mm against <em>Kliebsiella pneumoniae</em> and 5.07 ± 0.13 mm against <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>. While the sap with a concentration of 60% was included in the weak inhibitory category, which was 5.65 ± 0.05 mm in the <em>Kliebsiella pneumoniae</em> and 4.81 ± 0.22 mm in <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>.<strong></strong></p><p> </p>Keywords: antibacterial; bamboo shoot; betung bamboo.

Genetic of Salak Pondoh, Gading Varieties and Its Hybrids Based on RAPD Markers

<p>A molecular marker of parent and offspring is used to find fast and accurate markers influenced by DNA isolation and amplification. This research aims to find the most suitable DNA isolation and DNA amplification methods. This study used four DNA isolation methods; namely IM01, IM02, IM03, and IM04. DNA amplification used ten protocols (AP01, AP02, AP03, AP04, AP05, AP06, AP07, AP08, AP09, and AP010). The results of the research showed that the most suitable DNA isolation method for salak was IM0, and the most suitable DNA amplification for salak was AP04 that produces the highest value of DNA bands.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p>Keywords: DNA isolation; DNA amplification; hybrids.</p>

In Vitro Propagation of Tribulus terrestris with IAA and BAP Concentrations

<p><em>Tribulus terrestris</em> is conventionally propagated using seeds but has limited germination capacity. One approach that can be done for this plant multiplication is in vitro tissue culture. This study was conducted to determine the growth potential of <em>T. terrestris</em> in vitro by the addition of auxin (IAA) and cytokinin (BAP) as growth regulators at several concentrations. The study was conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta from February to December 2017. The experiment employed factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method with 2 factors, namely IAA concentration (0 ppm, 0.1 ppm, 0.2 ppm, 0.3 ppm), and BAP concentration (0 ppm, 0.3 ppm, 0.5 ppm, 0.7 ppm). The observed growth parameters were shoot emergence time, leaf emergence time, root emergence time, number of leaves, and number of roots. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance followed by DMRT with a 95% confidence level. The results showed that the addition of IAA only affects leaf emergence time, while the addition of BAP had a significant effect on the leaf emergence time and number of leaves. The interactions between IAA and BAP had a significant effect on leaf emergence time.</p><p> </p><p align="left">Keywords: explant; plant growth; tissue culture.</p>