Voter Behaviour of Local Community in Indonesia: Evidence from The Ambaipua Village Community in Regional Head Elections of South Konawe 2020

The research aims to determine and analyze the voter behavior of the Ambaipua Village community in regional head elections of South Konawe in 2020. This research uses political participation and voter behavior concept to see what underlying the community in determining the choice of their regional head, whether influenced by sociological, psychological or rational aspects. The data collection techniques used were interviews, literature studies and documentation. The results showed that the voting pattern of the Ambaipua Village community could be understood from three approaches, namely sociology, psychology and rational. A sociological approach in which the majority of informants stated that the religious aspect greatly affects who the candidate will be elected, that they will choose a candidate who has the same belief/religion. Meanwhile, from the psychological approach, it was found that the informants were not influenced by the political parties carrying the regional head candidates, but the majority would choose the incumbent with the assumption that they had succeeded in developing the region in the previous period. On the other hand, the rational approach was seen from the tendency of informants to choose candidate who have good political experience. Based on the results by the writers, it can be concluded that the sociological approach especially religion is more prominent than the other two approaches. This is because religious knowledge will have a great influence on aspects of people's lives, including their political choices.

Covid-19 as a Non-Military Threat: Implementation of State Defense for Civil Servants in Indonesia

Indonesia is one of the countries affected by the Covid-19 pandemic and its spread is still ongoing. The Covid-19 pandemic has affected government policy making and services both at the central and regional levels. The government is required to continue to take various steps to adapt to developments caused by this pandemic. The purpose of this study includes the efforts of the Civil Servants as one of the elements of the National Defense Reserve Component in dealing with Covid-19 as a non-military threat. The method used in this research is qualitative with research design using literature study. The research data were taken from journals, books, previous research, scientific articles, literature and news from official websites and the research subject was the Civil Servants. The results of the research are that the Civil Servants as a government apparatus should be a pioneer and take part at the forefront of every effort to defend the country, according to their respective fields and responsibilities. In the implementation of defending the state in the daily work of the Civil Servants in the form of love for the homeland, being aware of the nation and state, namely Pancasila as the ideology of the State, willing to sacrifice for the nation and the State, having the initial ability to defend the State.

Healthcare Financing in Low and Middle-Income Countries and Achieving Universal Health Coverage

Using a comparative healthcare system approach, this paper discusses the existing healthcare financing methods in low-and middle-income countries in the move towards achieving universal health coverage (UHC). The article finds that traditional channels of financing the health sector in these countries include government’s budget, donors’ aid, national health insurance, and out-of-pocket model. Moreover, the paper explores other alternative mechanisms for raising resources for the health sector including tax on demerit goods, remittances, and sovereign wealth funds’ revenues. This paper is of particular interest to policymakers in low-and middle-income countries targeting to achieve UHC.

Leadership of Kiai and Students' Obedience in Islamic Boarding School

Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) are non-formal Islamic educational institutions where students (santri) live together in a cottage (dormitory) to study Islamic religious scholarship under the guidance of the caretaker of the cottage who is often referred to as a kiai. The pesantren, which from its inception, prioritized religious knowledge and pesantren culture, was easily able to apply the slogan sam'an watha'atan (submission and obedience) to the kiai which later became the principle of santri in everyday life. However, along with the development of increasingly modern pesantren, this principle has been displaced by various experiences and knowledge. The disobedience of santri to the kiai as a leader in the pesantren is caused by various factors, one of which is the perception of the santri towards the leadership of the kiai.