PREVENTION OF ILLEGAL FUEL SMUGGLE IN THE BORDER OF EAST NUSA TENGGARA AND TIMOR LESTE

Indonesia is one of the countries with abundant natural resources, this can be seen from the abundant human resources that are able to improve the management of existing natural resources. This is also emphasized in Article 33 paragraph 3 of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia (UUD RI 1945). A different fact is faced by small communities in the border area between Nusa Tenggara Timur Indonesia and Timor Leste. The problem is that the small communities there are not unable to enjoy subsidy relief due to wrong targets but because of smuggling carried out to neighboring countries. In several criminal cases that occurred in the border area between East Nusa Tenggara and Timor Leste, one of them was the Indonesian National Armed Forces (Satgas Pamtas) RI-RDTL East Sector Border Security Task Force, Yonif Raider 408 / Sbh, thwarted the smuggling of thousands of liters of fuel oil. (BBM) in the RI-RDTL border area.There have been many efforts made by the government to improve the welfare of its citizens by utilizing existing natural resources, especially in the oil and gas sector, one of which is in terms of access to energy consumption through fuel oil (BBM) subsidies which are still being debated. Some are of the view that state assistance must be maintained, but on the other hand, they still think that fuel subsidies are still not on target. A different fact is faced by small communities in the border area between Nusa Tenggara Timur Indonesia and Timor Leste. In addition, at the opening of the International Convention on Indonesian Upstream Oil and Gas 2020, which was organized by SKK Migas, the Government also supported the improvement of the investment climate in Indonesia's upstream oil and natural gas (oil and gas) sector, amid a decline in national oil and gas production and sluggish movement of strategic industries due to the the Covid-19 pandemic.

ANALYSIS OF THE PERFORMANCE AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF THE CREDIT COOPERATIVE (Case Study of Koprasi Swastisari in Kupang)

The objective of this research is to know the level of financial health of Koperasi Swastisari Credit 2012-2016 based on the Regulation of State Minister of Cooperatives and Small and Medium Enterprises of Republic of Indonesia No.06 / PER / DEP.6 / IV / 2016 concerning capital aspect, earning asset quality, management, liquidity, efficiency, independence and growth as well as cooperative identity.This research is a type of descriptive evaluative research. The subject of this research is Credit Cooperative (Kopdit) Swastisari in which the object of evaluation is financial health Kopdit Swastisari. Data analysis techniques in this study using descriptive analysis. In this research data is collected through documentation and interview method. The results showed that the health level of the 2012-2016 Swaddle Kopdit was in fairly healthy category with the average score of 78.06 with details: (1) the capital aspect was averaged 12.24 and was in the healthy category; (2) aspect of productive asset quality in the mean score 17,25 and in healthy enough category; (3) management aspect was score 13,07 and was in healthy category; (4) the efficiency aspect was averaged 15.00 and was in the healthy category; (5) liquidity aspect in the average score of 7.25 and is in the less healthy category; (6) aspect of independence and growth average score 6.25 and in the category of healthy enough; (7) the aspect of cooperative identity is averaged score of 7.00 and is in fairly healthy category. (8) the level of health of the Swedy Kopdit for 5 years (2012-2016) in a row obtained the total score of 70.35; 71.05; 72.45; 72.70; 72.50 and 78.06 are in fairly healthy categories.Using Trend Analysis least square method taken from the total health ratio of Swasti Sari Kopdit Period (2012-2016) obtained estimates of the results of the health ratio assessment in the coming year (2017-2020), the score obtained is 73.58; 74.17; 74.76 and 75.35 which indicate a good prospect for the next 5 year.

Perbandingan Penyelesaian Kasus Pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia Antara Indonesia dan Afrika Selatan (Perspektif Lembaga Pelaksana dan Upaya Kedepan)

Proses penyelesaian kasus pelanggaran hak asasi manusia di Indonesia dan di Afrika Selatan memiliki kesamaan, yakni dilakukan oleh suatu lembaga yang sama. Akan tetapi, Komisi Kebenaran dan Rekonsiliasi/KKR (Truth and Reconcilliation Commission) di Afrika Selatan lebih terlihat perannya dibandingkan KKR yang dibentuk di Indonesia. Terlebih lagi setelah adanya putusan MK yang membubarkan KKR di Indonesia. Oleh sebab itu, penting untuk menguraikan persoalan kelembagaan antara KKR di Indonesia dan Afrika Selatan, serta merumuskan kembali langkah yang dapat dilakukan oleh pemerintah Inonesia kedepannya. Dalam praktiknya, Pelaksanaan tugas KKR melalui tugas, fungsi, peraturan yang jelas, serta peran tokoh-tokoh nasional akan turut menunjang keberhasilan kinerja KKR dalam penyelesaian HAM sebagaimana dipraktekkan oleh KKR di Afrika Selatan. adanya ruang yang diberikan oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi agar proses penyelesaian pelanggaran HAM dapat dilakukan melalui proses rekonsiliasi harus ditindaklanjuti oleh pemerintah Indonesia secara cepat dan tepat.

Penerapan Pasal 33 Ayat (2) Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2011 Tentang Mata Uang di Maluku

Penolakan mata uang sangat sering ditemui terutama di Kota Ambon Provinsi Maluku, dan apabila masyarakat tidak mau menerima atau menolak uang pecahan koin tersebut, maka akan terjadi pelanggaran hukum sesuai dengan pasal 33 ayat (2). Dalam penelitian ini metode yang digunakan adalah yuridis empiris yang dengan kata lain adalah jenis penelitian hukum sosiologi dan dapat disebut pula dengan penelitian lapangan, yaitu mengkaji ketentuan hukum yang berlaku serta apa yang terjadi dalam kenyataannya di masyarakat. Legal tender pada prinsipnya adalah sebuah ketentuan hukum yang menyatakan bahwa suatu alat pembayaran dapat diterima secara umum sebagai alat pembayaran yang sah secara hukum dan tidak dapat ditolak sebagai alat pembayaran. Dalam menangani masalah-masalah dalam penegakan hukum pidana yang terjadi dalam masyarakat dapat dilakukan secara penal (hukum pidana) dan non penal (tanpa menggunakan hukum pidana). Untuk mencegah praktek penolakan pembayaran dengan mata uang rupiah, dalam ilmu hukum pidana dikenal ada dua cara atau usaha kepada kepolisian dan Bank Indonesia kantor perwakilan maluku untuk menanggulangi kejahatan atau pelanggaran yaitu upaya preventif (mencegah sebelum terjadinya kejahatan) dan upaya represif (usaha sesuda terjadinya kejahatan).

Ganti Kerugian dan Rehabilitasi Bentuk Perlindungan Terhadap Korban Tindak Pidana dan Korban Proses Penegakan Hukum di Indonesia

This research and analysis is interesting because the author divides victims into 2 (two) forms, namely, general victims of law enforcement processes and crimes. Compensation and rehabilitation are the rights of victims that the state must enforce through legal means. This research is a normative research through a conceptual and statutory approach and the legal materials obtained are analyzed in an explanatory-deductive. The results indicate that the normative aspects of the balance of regulations related to compensation and rehabilitation for victims of the law enforcement process and victims of crimes in the Indonesian judicial system are still partial, so that its realization still requires criminal procedural law, law civil procedural or a combination of the two, as well as through state administrative law facilities, especially rehabilitation. We note several shortcomings and weaknesses in the use of legal means in this document. the form of compensation for the victim is in cash, while rehabilitation is in the form of restoring the good name, dignity and respect. The mechanisms and procedures for enforcing compensation and rehabilitation for victims still need to be simplified in order to realize the rights of victims of crime and victims of a balanced law enforcement process in the future.

Kepemilikan Tanah Adat Suatu Kajian Pada Masyarakat Hukum Adat Tidore (Studi Kasus di Kelurahan Folarora, Kecamatan Tidore, Kota Tidore Kepulauan)

Territorial unity (land) as one of the elements froming a customary law community, is one of the important elements related to certain regulations in terms of ownership, control and management as well as the process of transfering. This often creates problems, such as what happened on Tidore Island as the central area of the Tidore Sultanate. Hale Gimalaha, which was the land given by the holder of GimalahaTomayouin the Government Structure of Tidore Sultanate, turned out to be a certificate of ownership by one of the GimalahaTomayou. The status of customary land which is converted into ownership rights will be the mainfocus of this research. The method used is socio-legal research using primary data through in-depth interviews with competent parties and the community in Folarora Village, Tidore District, Tidore Islands City, as well as historical and sociological descriptions. So it can be concluded that the main obstacle if problems arise with regard to customary land lies in evidence. Customary land ownership in the Tidore customary law community generally doesn’t have a written (formal) proof of ownership. Communities in obtaining ownership rights over customary land in accordance with applicable customary rules and based on information from simo-simo. The problem with the Hale Gimalaha, thatGimalahaTomayoumade a certificate of ownership, so there is an alternative solution through the Imperial Court Institution or internal root by GimalahaTomayou. These problems lasted for a long time and occurred among the generations of GimalahaTomayou, eventually reluctance to resolve the conflict because people believed a magical imbalance would arise when the problems that had first returned to the surface.

Penyelesaian dugaan Kelalaian medik melalui mediasi (studi terkait pasal 29 Undang-Undang No. 36 thun 2009 tentang kesehatan)

Penelitian yang dilakukan penulis untuk menjawab permasalahan-permasalahan yang terjadi belakangan ini. Yaitu tentang pengaturan proses penyelesaian sengketa medik hubungannya dengan ranah hukum perdata maupun pidana. Masalah pokok yang dijabarkan adalah Pertama tentang kedudukan dari Pasal 29 Undang-Undang No. 36 Tahun 2009 tentang proses mediasi yang harus dilakukan jika ada indikasi kelalaian medik, Kedua, dikarenakan penjelasan dalam Pasal 29 Undang-Undang No. 36 Tahun 2009 multitafsir tentang bentuk kelalaian yang terjadi maka muncul pertanyaan lanjutan apakah penyelesaian sengketa medik melalui mediasi sesuai dengan Pasal 29 Undang-Undang No. 36 Tahun 2009 dapat diterapkan pada kasus sengketa medik yang berarah pada ranah hukum pidana, bagaimana pengimplementasian dan justifikasi mediasi dalam ranah pidana di Indonesia.Berdasarkan metode yang digunakan, sifat penelitian adalah penelitian empiris yuridis, yang meliputi kajian langsung dilapangan tujuannya untuk mengumpulkan data juga informasi secara objektif yang nantinya menjadi data primer dan penelitian ini juga menggunakan sistem wawancara secara langsung kepada penegak hukum, praktisi hukum yang bersentuhan langsung dengan masalah yang diurai. Penulis juga menggunakan metode komparansi yang nantinya menjadi pembanding dalam penelitian ini.Dari data dan informasi yang didapatkan maka penulis menyimpulkan bahwa kedudukan dari Pasal 29 Undang-Undang No. 36 Tahun 2009 tidak mempengaruhi atau berbenturan dengan instrument hukum lain yang mengatur tentang mediasi di pengadilan, karena dalam pengimplementasiannya Pasal 29 Undang-Undang No. 36 Tahun 2009 memberikan ruang untuk pembentukan satu lembaga diluar pengadilan yang khusus untuk menyelesaikan sengeketa medik yang terjadi didalam pelayanan kesehatan. Lembaga yang belum terbentuk inilah yang mnejadi kelemahan dalam pelaksanaan mediasi di luar lembaga peradilan sehingga kebanyakan kasus sengketa medic yang terjadi langsung bermuara ke pengadilan perdata atau pidanaDisamping itu, pengaturan mengenai mediasi dalam ranah hukum pidana (Mediasi Penal) di Indonesia belumlah diterapkan sepenuhnya dan baru sekedar wacana dan merupakan ide-ide pembaharuan bagi hukum pidana, dalam proses kelalaian medik yang terjadi diranah hukum pidana Pasal 29 Undang-Undang No. 36 Tahun 2009 sebenarnya mempunyai andil yang penting jika lembaga penyelesaian sengketa medik yang dimaksud sudah ada sehingga bisa diselesaikan melalui lembaga tersebut. Akan tetapi jika belum ada maka sengketa medik yang berarah pada ranah hukum pidana bisa dimediasi dengan syarat Pelanggaran hukum pidana tersebut termasuk kategori ringan/serba ringan dan aparat penegak hukum menggunakan wewenangnya untuk melakukan diskresi. Sehingga dengan demikian, diperlukan adanya pembaharuan hukum pidana untuk menyelesiakan permasalahan sengketa medik, namun bila KUHP belum ada aturan yang mengatur tentang penyelesian hukum pada sengketa medik maka alternatif yang harus dibuat yaitu diberlakukannya PERKAP, PERJA dan PERMA.Kata kunci : Kelalaian Medik, Mediasi, Mediasi Penal

Eksistensi Penerapan Ultimum Remedium dalam Sistem Hukum Pidana Indonesia

Criminal Law in Indonesia which was ideally applied as the ultimate last weapon (ultimum remedium) in dealing with violations, has now shifted to become the main weapon (primum remedium). This is inseparable from the criminal law policy which is still oriented as a form of retaliation and punishment so that it prioritizes penal policies with a focus on imposing sanctions in the form of deprivation of liberty. Criminal law has always been used as the main weapon in solving various kinds of violations. This has led to a condition of over-criminalization which has created new problems at the applicative level. Reforming criminal law is considered very urgent to be carried out by accommodating a restorative justice approach in order to re-place criminal law as an ultimum remedium. First, the application of decriminalization policies in various laws and regulations in Indonesia. Second, the reorientation of the criminal procedural law system which gives the possibility of a criminal case settlement process out of court (afdoening buiten process). Keyword: Criminal Law; Restorative Justice; Ultimum Remedium.

Kewenangan Pemerintah Daerah dalam Penertiban Pertambangan Batuan di Kelurahan Kalumata Kota Ternate Selatan

This study aims to determine the role of local government in the issuance of rock mining in Kalumata Village, South Ternate City and to determine the factors that become obstacles in controlling rock mining in Kalumata Village, South Ternate City. This type of research is empirical law using a statute approach and a case approach located in Rock Mining in Kalumata Village, South Ternate City. The enactment of Law No. 4 of 2009 on Mineral and Coal Mining provides a change in the management and exploitation regime of mineral and coal mining from a contract regime to a permit regime. With the spirit of regional autonomy, it has inspired local governments to be empowered to be able to manage government affairs by themselves in order to optimally advance their economy. This is the basis for the legitimacy of the North Maluku provincial government in exercising its authority. It is important to oversee the North Maluku provincial government on rock mining activities in Kalumata. From the pre-research data, the researcher found that the rock mining that has occurred so far does not have a permit as stipulated in statutory regulations. From these problems, the focus of the research is how the role of the local government in the issuance of rock mining in Kalumata Village, South Ternate City and what factors are the obstacles in controlling rock mining in Kalumata Village, South Ternate City. Government supervision of mining activities is ideally seen from the implementation of good mining principles, supervision of the implementation of mining business management, and supervision of the implementation of mining business activities. Based on these government functions, it will be a benchmark for the performance of the North Maluku provincial government in carrying out its supervisory function.Keywords: Rock Mining, Supervision, and Government

Desentralisasi Asimetris Kewenangan Provinsi Kepulauan dalam Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Alam untuk Mewujudkan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat

The research entitled Asymmetric Decentralization of the Authority of Archipelago Provinces in Natural Resources Management to Realize Community Welfare aims to (1) determine the meaning and urgency of implementing the concept of asymmetric decentralization in regulating the authority of archipelagic provinces; and (2) analyze how the authority of the archipelagic provinces in the management of natural resources can create public welfare. This research is a normative legal research (juridical normative) using approaches including: a statute approach, a conceptual approach, and a historical approach. This research uses the main theory "welfare law state theory" to analyze the achievement of the goal of legal development, namely the welfare of the community. In order to analyze the existing problems, several relevant concepts were also used, including: (1) the concept of asymmetric decentralization and regional autonomy; and (2) the concept of an archipelagic state and archipelagic province that is specifically focused on the formulation of the norms of regional government authority in provinces characterized by islands.Keywords: Asymmetric Decentralization, Islands, Natural Resources