MODIFIKASI PATI BIJI NANGKA SECARA FISIK DAN KIMIA

Modifikasi pati biji nangka dapat dilakukan dengan cara fisik (annealing, perlakuan panas lembab, pregelatiniasasi dan ekstrusi) dan cara kimia (eterifikasi, karboksimetilasi, esterifikasi, ikatan silang dan oksidasi). Modifikasi pati biji nangka tersebut dapat merubah sifat fisiko-kimia dari pati biji nangka alami. Perubahan sifat fisiko-kimia trersebut memungkinkan penggunaan pati biji nangka termodifikasi dalam bidang industri pangan. Review ini bertujuan untuk merangkum metode dan sifat fisiko-kimia pati biji nangka termodifikasi.

EFEKTIFITAS BIO-KOMPOS DAN BIO-POC TERHADAP SERANGAN HAMA PENGGEREK BATANG (Ostrinia furnacalis) PADA JAGUNG MANIS

The stem borer (Ostrinia furnacalis Guenee) is one of the main pests of corn. The yield loss due to this pest attack reaches 20-80%. These pests are generally controlled chemically, causing various negative effects from the results of control, therefore environmentally friendly control techniques are needed, such as the use of bio-compost and bio-LOF. Bio-compost is compost combined with a consortium of bacteria Serratia marcecens, Bacillus thuringiensis and Pseudomonas fluorescens. Bio-LOF is a liquid organic fertilizer that is processed using cow feces, cow urine, Glicerida leaves and coconut husk. The research objective is to determine the effectiveness of bio-compost with several concentrations of bio-LOF to control stem borer pests in sweet corn. The research was conducted at experimental land of Payakumbuh Agricultural Polytechnic from January to June 2020. This study used a factorial completely randomized design (4x3) with 3 replications. Factor K, namely K1; Tithonia bio-compost, K2; Hay bio-compost. K3; Manure bio-compost. K4: without bio-compost. Factor D are: D1; Bio-LOF concentration 30%, D2; Bio-LOF 20%. D3: without Bio-LOF. The data obtained were analyzed for variance using a statistical program of 8.0, then continued with the dancun test α 5%. The results showed that the three types of bio-compost combined with bio-LOF could reduce the percentage of O. furnacalis pest attack on the stems and tips of sweet corn cobs. There were 5 treatment combinations with very effective criteria for coefficient of relatively control (CRC), namely. Tithonia bio-compost, Bio-LOF 30%, Hay bio-compost, bio-LOF 30%, chicken feces bio-compost, bio-LOF 30%, Straw bio-compost, Bio-LOF 20%, Without bio-compost, Bio-LOF 30%. The concentration of bio-LOF sprayed on the stems and leaves affects the effectiveness of the control where the 30% bio-LOF concentration had the very effective criteria of control, while the 20% concentration had the effective criteria of control.

IDENTIFIKASI POTENSI PEMANFAATAN TANAMAN OBAT DI DESA TONGKONAN KABUPATEN ENREKANG

Masyarakat di Kabupaten Enrekang, khususnya di Desa Tongkonan Basse, sejak dulu telah memanfaatkan tanaman yang berkhasiat obat untuk penyembuhan berbagai macam penyakit. Pengambilan sebagian bahan alami obat umumnya masih dilakukan dengan cara pemungutan di hutan-hutan sekitar desa. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan identifikasi untuk mendapatkan informasi baru mengenai potensi tumbuhan obat yang ada di Desa Tongkonan Basse.Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama 2 bulan pada bulan November sampai bulan Desember 2019. Lokasi penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Tongkonan Basse Kecamatan Masalle Kabupaten Enrekang Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis tanaman obat, manfaatnya dan cara pemanfaatannya sebagai obat tradisional. Metode pengambilan data dengan observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi dan penelusuran referensi. Teknik wawancara menggunakan 10 Informan Kunci. Data dari hasil penelitian selanjutnya dianalisis secara deskriptif sesuai dengan tujuan penelitian yang nantinya akan disajikan dalam betuk tabel dan gambar.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan jenis tanaman obat yang dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat di Desa Tongkonan Basse Kabupaten Enrekang yaitu berjumlah 25 spesies diantaranya pohon 12% (3 jenis tanaman), perdu 68% (17 jenis tanaman) dan herba 20% (5 jenis tanaman). Bagian tananam yang digunakan sebagai obat ada buah, daun, getah, batang, kulit, dan ubi. Bagian yang paling banyak digunakan adalah daun. Kata Kunci : Informan Kunci , Obat Tradisional, Tanaman obat

Aplikasi Ekstrak Bawang Merah Terhadap Pertumbuhan Okulasi Tanaman Jeruk Manis (Citrus sp.)

Kebutuhan akan buah jeruk dari tahun ke tahun terus meningkat. Berbagai upaya terus dilakukan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman jeruk. Salah satunya adalah melalui perbanyakan vegetatif seperti okulasi dengan bantuan ZPT ekstrak bawang merah. Pelaksanaan penelitian dilakukan selama 2 (dua) bulan yaitu mulai bulan September - Oktober 2018. Alasan penelitian ini dilaksanakan adalah karena sejauh ini penggunaan ekstrak bawang merah dalam okulasi jeruk belum banyak dilakukan di dataran Wamena. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak bawang merah terhadap okulasi tanaman jeruk (Citrus sp.) dan konsentrasi ekstrak bawang merah berapaka yang terbaik bagi keberhasilan okulasi, dengan rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok yang terdiri dari 4 aras konsentrasi ekstrak bawang merah dan apabila menunjukkan pengaruh nyata maka akan dianalisis lanjut dengan uji BNT (Tukey) taraf 5 %. Masing-masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali, macam perlakuannya adalah: M0 (Konsentrasi 0% (300 ml air tanpa ekstrak bawang merah); M1 (Konsentrasi 25%); M2 (Konsentrasi 50%); M3 (Konsentrasi 75%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak bawang merah berpengaruh nyata terhadap saat munculnya tunas (HSO), jumlah daun (helai), tinggi tunas (cm), persentase keberhasilan okulasi hidup (%) yang ditunjukkan oleh konsentrasi ekstrak bawang merah 50% (perlakuan M2).

ANALISIS KELAYAKAN DAN RISIKO USAHATANI KENTANG DI DESA KUTABAWA KECAMATAN KARANGREJA KABUPATEN PURBALINGGA

This study aims to determine the feasibility of potatoes farming in Kutabawa Village, Karangeja District, Purbalingga Regency, and farming risks such as production, price, and income. The method used in this research is the descriptive analysis method with 30 respondents who were taken through the survey method. The results showed that the feasibility study was obtained by an R / C ratio of 2.33 or> 1 which indicated that potatoes farming in Kutabawa Village, Karangreja District, Purbalingga Regency were feasible with an average income of IDR 50,633,333 and a total cost of IDR 21,744,673. In terms of production and income, it has a high risk because it has a variation coefficient of more than 0.5 (0.7945 for production and 1.00895177 for income) and also a lower limit of production of -4123 kg and a lower limit of income of - Rp.29,405. 870 where it is less than 0. Whereas seen from the price aspect it has a coefficient of variation less than 0.5 (0.206965 <0.5) and also a lower limit of production of IDR 4253.71 where the farm will always profit or break even with an increase in the price of Rp. IDR 4253.71.

ANALISIS EFISIENSI USAHA PENGGEMUKAN DOMBA DARI POLA KEMITRAAN ANTARA PERUSAHAAN DENGAN PETERNAK DI JAWA BARAT

The performance of sheep breeders in West Java is still low. This can be seen from the decline in the productivity of the sheep business from year to year, namely in 2017 993,087 tons, while in 2018 as many as 857,552 tons. Therefore, to encourage the development of the sheep business, cooperation is pursued through a partnership pattern. This study aims to determine the factors that affect the efficiency of the sheep fattening business, evaluate the level of technicall, allocative, economic efficiency and measure the degree of partnership between companies and breeders. Respondents were determined by survey using the multistage cluster random sampling model, resulting in 10 groups of respondents from a total population of 31 groups. Data collection was carried out in November–Desember 2019, then analyzed using the Cobb-Douglass production function model. The results showed that factors that influenced the production of the sheep fattening business were feeder, forage, area of pen, outpouring of labor, number of dependents and degree of partnership. In general, the business of the sheep fattening is not efficient technically, allocatively and economically. The use of production factors which allocatively need to be reduced is the amount of feeder (0,01677), concentrate (-1,08009), cage area (0,009393), labor outpouring (0,57167) and forage (0,80451). This condition causes the fattening business of the sheep with a technical and economic partnership pattern to be inefficient. However, the implementation of the partnership pattern was relatively good, this condition can be seen with the average score of the degree of partnership pattern of 83,34 percent.

Studi Struktur Biaya dan Penerimaan Usahatani Kelapa Sawit Swadaya Pasca Peremajaan Di Kecamatan Sungai Bahar Kabupaten Muaro Jambi

Palm oil development provides benefits in increasing the income of smallholders and communities, where palm oil production becomes the raw material of the processing industry that creates added value in the country. However, the cost and revenue of palm oil farming is a consideration of smallholders in the implementation of replanting. This research aims to: (1) describe the oil palm farming in Sungai Bahar Sub-District of Muaro Jambi Regency (2) Analyze the cost structure and revenue of smallholder oil palm in Sungai Bahar Sub-district of Muaro Jambi Regency. The scope of this research area is Suka Makmur Village, Marga Mulya Village, Mekar Sari Village, Sungai Bahar District Muaro Jambi Regency. This research was conducted by a descriptive and quantitative method using an analysis of the cost structure and revenue of oil palm smallholders. The results showed a replanting palm oil farm area of 2.13 hectares with palm oil of 7 to 8 years and production of 18,170 Kg/Ha/year. The cost incurred is Rp 25,647,303/Ha/year, and the revenue amounts to Rp. 33,527,655/Ha/Year. In the future, although there is still a positive difference between the revenue and cost of farming after the replanting, smallholders are suggested better to optimize the resources as an alternative to increasing revenue to meet the needs.

POTENSI KONSORSIUM BAKTERI PEMACU PERTUMBUHAN SEBAGAI BAHAN AKTIF PUPUK ORGANIK HAYATI PADA TANAMAN JAGUNG

The purpose of this research are to determine the potential of consortium of plant growth-promoting bacteria as an active ingredients of bio-organic fertilizers and to determine the effect of bio-organic fertilizers on growth and production of maize. The research was carried out at the Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Payakumbuh Experimental Field, Limapuluh Kota Regency, West Sumatra in March-July 2020. The research was starting with the manufacture of water hyacinth bio-organic fertilizer (POH) which inoculated with a consortium of bacteria from the genera Pseudomonas and Bacillus. POH observations were carried out on species, population size, and nutrient content of bio-organic fertilizers. The POH application research was using a factorial design in a randomized block design with treatment I at POH 40, 80, 120, 160 ml / l water and treatment II with frequency of 2, 3, 4 times giving POH. The variables observed were N, P, K nutrient content, plant dry weight, and dry maize seed production. The results of the POH study contained P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis, and B. cereus with a total population of 2,8,107–2,8,108, potentially as active ingredients for bio-organic fertilizers. POH water hyacinth can increase plant N, P, K nutrients, plant dry weight, and dry maize seed production. The optimal POH dose for all observed variables is 80 ml / l of water.

DIVERSIFIKASI PRODUK PANGAN BERBASIS AIR KELAPA

Air kelapa merupakan cairan yang berasal dari buah kelapa, yang umumnya merupakan hasil samping dari pengolahan santan, atau dari buah kelapa yang sengaja diambil buah dan airnya untuk dikonsumsi. Air kelapa memiliki sejumlah makro dan mikromineral, juga mengandung vitamin, protein (asam amino) meskipun dalam jumlah yang kecil. Pengolahan air kelapa masih sangat terbatas. Oleh karena itu tulisan ini bertujuan untuk merangkum penelitian-penelitian hasil studi pusta, yang dilakukan dalam rangka mengolah air kelapa menjadi beebagai produk pangan. Produk pangan yang dapat dibuat dari air kelapa meliputi air kelapa kemasan, minuman isotonik, nata de coco, cuka, minuman antioksidan, minuman berkarbonasi, jus kurma, yougurt kelapa, drink yougurt, serbuk minuman kelapa, minuman probiotik, sorbet kelapa, edible film, coco cider, kefir, susu kelapa, kecap, permen kelapa jahe, permen jelly kelapa, keju kelapa, dan selai kelapa.

The Characteristic of Groundwater Table and Subsidence of Degraded Peatland in Ex ICCTF Plot Central Kalimantan

Degraded peatlands typically have been cultivated by communities for agriculture. Ex ICCTF plot in Jabiren is considered as a degraded peatland since the area has been cultivated and drained for smallholder plantation. This study aimed to characterise the groundwater level and peat subsidence periodically over seven months of observation. It has been found that the groundwater level fluctuated from 50 cm to 150 cm below the peat surface, implying the deterioration of peat ecosystem. Based on the transect observation, the groundwater table seems to form a dome shape with the deeper level existed adjacent to the canal. The average peat subsidence was around 27 to 39 cm in cumulative since the subsidence stick installation. However, in the range of ten-month of observation, the peat subsidence was around 8.5 cm. The subsidence was higher on the location adjacent to the canal (25 m) compared to the farther one (100 m). The subsidence also fluctuated, notably in the wet season, indicating the influence of rain event to peat subsidence. Rewetting peatland was likely to result in reducing peat subsidence suggesting the importance of water management in peatland to recover degraded peatland.