Sapnis par kosmosa bagātībām – vai kosmosa resursu ieguve ir likumīga?

The paper assesses whether the national legal framework of the United States, Luxembourg and the United Arab Emirates, which stipulates that space resources can be privately owned, and legalizes the acquisition of space resources for commercial purposes, complies with international space law. The article analyses the scope of space use delineated by the 1967 Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies and 1979 Agreement Governing the Activities of States on the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, as well as the subsequent national practices after the entry into force of these agreements, national space law, national policies and public statements. The aim of the analysis is to determine whether international space law contains a prohibition of the extraction and commercial exploitation of space resources. The study evaluates national comprehensions of the space law content with regard to the freedom to use space. It yields a conclusion that there is no absolute ban on the commercial exploitation of space resources under international space law.

Gribas izteikums kā tiesiska darījuma svarīgākais elements

To any uninvolved reader, word combinations like “understand the meaning of one’s action” and “ability to control one’s action” can be confusing. Would the legislator have deliberately created such a broad-ranging combination of philosophical concepts in the text of a legal norm that each factual circumstance could be covered under these concepts and render applicable the legal consequences specified in the legal norm, or, after all, does the legal doctrine and case law already envisage a clear model, according to which the respective legal norm is applied? In the absence of a uniform filling of a legal norm with substance, might such an interpretation permit a purely subjective assessment? For a uniform interpretation and application of legal norms to exist in practice, the interpretation must be based on new fundamental principles and a common legal doctrine, abstaining from the case law and understanding of legal norms that existed before the reform of civil procedure capacity.

Agro jauno laiku Rīgas kapsētu apbedījumu izpēte ar senās DNS analīzēm: nozīmīgākās pieejas un izpētes perspektīvas

The aim of the research is to find out how ancient DNA analysis could supplement the existing knowledge acquired with research methods like analysis of literature and sources, as well as archaeological methods, using specific early modern period burials in Riga as an example. Within the framework of the study, the ancient DNA extraction and analysis was performed. The results are connected with the archaeological and historical context of the burial, thus enabling advancement of hypotheses about the origin of specific individuals based on the population genetics theory. As a result of the study, the approximate maternal origin of three and the sex of all six of the studied individuals was determined. It was found that the buried individuals had different regions of origin, thereby confirming that the inhabitants of Riga in the early modern period were ethnically diverse.

Kā raugs uzvedas, kad tam atņem būvelementus?

The study explored changes in carbon fluxes in the central metabolism of brewer’s yeast in the absence of building blocks such as adenine or nitrogen. These flows provide insight into changes in the central metabolism of brewer’s yeast. It was found that in the absence of a building block, the yeast mainly uses fermentation for growth, producing ethanol. Deletion of Δade1 in purine de novo synthesis reduces ethanol production, and decreased glycerol production in adenine starvation indicates a slowing of central metabolism.

Kas objektu padara par mākslas darbu, skaņu – par mūziku? Artūra Danto mākslas pasaules idejas kritika

he article focuses on the critique of the definition of art by the American art philosopher Arthur Coleman Danto (1924–2013). This definition could be called the “missing link” in the understanding of art for people who do not understand why modern art is art, or openly criticize and abnegate it on the basis of such incomprehension. In Danto’s theory, one can point to three criteria that any object must meet in order to become an artwork – aboutness, embodiment and inclusion in the artworld, in other words, being in a social and historical relationship with all the art that exists to date.However, since any definition should adequately describe every subject to which it applies, the definition of art must be able to explain all expressions of art. Although Danto’s idea has proven its competence in defining visual art, is it as successful in embracing other forms of art, for example, music? The aim of the current study is to find an answer to this question. To achieve this goal, firstly, Arthur Danto’s theory is outlined, and secondly, it is weighed against music. By problematizing the cornerstone of Danto’s theory or the question of indiscernible counterparts, it is ultimately argued that Arthur Danto’s definition of art does not have a capacity to adequately define music, and a solution to this problem is proposed.

Antroponīmu ar detoponīmiskajiem pievārdiem atveide “Nībelungu dziesmas” tulkojumā latviešu valodā

The current study is dedicated to anthroponymy in the Middle High German epic poem “Song of the Nibelungs”, delving into the problem of rendering anthroponyms with detoponymic bynames. It was carried out with the aim to develop strategies for their depiction in the Latvian language in order to form a scientific basis for the translation of this epic poem. Methods such as quantitative and qualitative corpus analysis and empirical research were used to find out how anthroponyms with detoponymic bynames are realized in the “Song of the Nibelungs”, what is their role in text structure and message and how these properties can be reproduced in the target language. It has been found that detoponyms not only provide information about the origins of epic characters, but also perform formally stylistic functions, and their reproduction requires creative solutions to preserve their unique features. In conclusion, practical examples of the implementation of rendering strategies in translation are presented, which clearly show the close connections between anthroponyms with detoponymic bynames and the structure of the text and justify the choice of specific approaches

Tiešsaistes un bezsaistes sadalījums videospēļu kopienās

Early research into the digital environment pointed to a strict division between online and offline. The terms “online” and “offline” are used to distinguish between activities implemented through intermediation of different technologies, such as computers. Online environment is seen as a distinct social sphere that is disconnected from offline life events. The credibility of the online environment and the veracity of social aspects are frequently questioned, since digital communities lack a physical presence. The aim of the study is to look at and determine the peculiarities of division between online and offline in several video game communities, using Bourdieu’s concepts of capital, habitus and field. The perception of digital authenticity by members of video game communities is also examined. A variety of methodological approaches were used to determine how video game communities perceive online and offline practices: playing out a video game, semi-structured interviews, media analysis, and field notes. The results show that the traditional division between physical and digital reality is ethically complex and problematic.

ss ieskats Astrīdas Lindgrēnes piemiņas balvas (ALMA) specifikā un bērnu literatūras apbalvošanas fenomenā. ALMA Latvijas grāmatizdošanas kontekstā

Historically, children’s literature awards have been established both to improve the quality of children’s literature and to promote the market for children’s books. Today, an international prize for literature can be seen as a socio-political game with the aim of disseminating specific values and sharing various ideas that seem relevant to a society. The Astrid Lindgren Memorial Award (ALMA) is the most generous children’s literature award in monetary terms – and, at the same time, one of the largest literary awards. The study examines the details and choices of ALMA nomination, provides a brief insight into the problems of the awarding phenomenon, as well as considers ALMA in the context of Latvian book publishing.

Emocijas un afekts: vārdos, izjūtās, vērtējumos

Due to the cultural specificity and variation of emotions, it is important to study them in different languages, cultures and contexts. The aim of the study is to summarize the most widespread words of emotions in the Latvian language, to map them in the dimensions of valence and activation, and to link them with the self-assessment indicators of bodily senses such as valence and activation. The results point to sometimes consistent assessments of emotions in senses, dimensions and words in the Latvian language, as well as perspectives in further research with implications for improving various affective computing and sentiment analysis technologies.

Ar divvērtīgā mangāna joniem aktivēta magnija germanāta materiāla ilgspīdošā luminiscence

In the course of study, 10 different MgGeO3:Mn2+ samples with different manganese 2+ ion concentrations were synthesized: 0 mol%, 0.1 mol%, 0.25 mol%, 0.5 mol%, 0.75 mol%, 1 mol%, 1.5 mol%, 2 mol%, 5 mol% and 10 mol%. The samples emit a good luminescence in the red spectrum diapason and can be excited by ultraviolet radiation and X-rays. Samples can shine for up to more than 10 hours after excitation. X-ray diffraction, excitation spectra, luminescence spectra, afterglow spectra, extinction kinetics and thermostimulated luminescence were measured for samples. The obtained results provide the basis for assessing the processes taking place in the materials and the effect that the concentration of admixture ions has on the luminescence. Perhaps in the future it will be possible to use magnesium germanate in medical diagnostic equipment, yielding a further improved insight into the human body. In this case, the results of the study will be useful for medical application.