scholarly journals Light spectrum and indolebutyric acid (IBA) in rhizogenesis in herbaceous cuttings of guava trees

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 145-149
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Indolebutyric Acid ◽  
Light Spectra ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Sprout Length ◽  
Quality Product ◽  
Key Factor

Background: In the production of seedlings, success in the market is due to a quality product. Well-developed seedlings with a good root system, appear as a key factor to guarantee suitable products. Light can be used as a stimulating factor for rooting, in adequate light quality. Photoselective screens can be used to make rooting more efficient. Methods: To evaluate this factor, herbaceous cuttings of Guava Tree “Paluma” were used, exposed to different wavelengths in mini-greenhouses covered with cellophane of the colors: green, yellow, red, blue, transparent and orange, and subjected to five treatments with Indolebutyric Acid (IBA) (0, 1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 mg.kg-1), grown in a 3: 2: 1 substrate (sand: earth: bioplant®), in a randomized block design, with a 6x5 factorial and four replications with 10 cuttings in each treatment. Ninety days after staking, the following variables were evaluated: cuttings survival, number of leaves; number of sprouts; largest sprout length; root length; root volume; green mass of leaves and root; dry mass of sprout and root. Results: The orange and red light spectra were superior in rooting the guava cuttings, and may be an option in covering the seedling production nurseries of this fruit tree. Conclusion: The use of IBA neutralized the luminous influence of the light spectra with non-significant results for the interaction.

scholarly journals The production of Physalis spp. seedlings grown under different-colored shade nets

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Fernandes da Silva ◽  
Rafael Pio ◽  
Joyce Dória Rodrigues Soares ◽  
Paulyene Vieira Nogueira ◽  
Pedro Maranha Peche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves

The objective of this study was to evaluate the production of seedlings of Physalis L. species under different-colored shade nets. Four shade nets individually stained white, blue, red and black, all with 50% shading, were used in this study, and an additional  treatment (control) was used in which seedlings were grown in full sun. The study examined four species of Physalis, namely, P. peruviana, P. pubescens, P. minima and P. ixocarpa. The experiment followed a randomized block design with three blocks and 25 seeds per plot. The species were sown in styrofoam trays. Germination was monitored daily to calculate the Emergency Velocity Index (EVI) and stabilize the overall percentage of emergence. Height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area index and dry mass of seedlings were assessed at 50 days after sowing. The study found that these species react differently to changes in the light spectrum. Seedlings of P. peruviana should be grown under a white or red shade net; of P. pubescens under a white or black shade net; of P. minima under a white, red or black shade net; and of P. ixocarpa under a white shade net. For all species, 50% shade should be used. 

scholarly journals VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION OF HYMENAEA COURBARIL L. AND APULEIA LEIOCARPA (VOGEL) J. F. MACBR. BY MINI-CUTTING

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Muller Freire ◽  
Letícia Nakamura Veríssimo ◽  
Beatriz Rodrigues Pereira ◽  
Janaína Ribeiro Costa Rouws ◽  
José Carlos Arthur Junior
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Indolebutyric Acid ◽  
Hymenaea Courbaril ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Average Survival ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Set Up

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the vegetative propagation of Hymenaea courbaril (jatobá) and Apuleia leiocarpa (garapa) using the mini-cutting technique with the use of indolebutyric acid (IBA) growth regulator in different types of mini-cuttings. Two experiments were set up: the first involving the two species and three mini-cutting techniques (basal, intermediate and apical) in the presence and absence of IBA (4000 mg kg-1). In the second experiment, only the garapa species was evaluated by testing the same three mini-cutting techniques at four IBA concentrations: 0, 1000, 2000 and 4000 mg kg-1. The mini-cuttings were obtained from 6-month-old seedlings produced from seeds in a nursery. A randomized block design was used in a 3 x 2 x 3 factorial scheme (three mini-cutting techniques, two IBA concentration levels and three evaluation dates) in the first experiment, and a 3 x 4 x 3 factorial scheme (three mini-cutting techniques, four IBA concentrations and three evaluation dates) in the second experiment. At 90 days, jatobá had an average survival of 54%, with less than 5% of total rooting, without significant influence of the mini-cutting technique or IBA use. Garapa presented higher survival for the basal mini-cuttings in both experiments, which were the only ones that took root. IBA did not influence survival or rooting percentage of garapa mini-cuttings, but negatively influenced the root number, length and dry mass. We concluded that the basal mini-cutting is a viable technique for vegetative propagation of garapa, presenting 40% of rooting, but the propagation by mini-cutting for jatobá was not successful under the conditions of this study.

scholarly journals EFFICIENCY OF VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION OF CAJÁ-DE-JABUTI UNDER CONCENTRATIONS OF INDOLEBUTYRIC ACID AND GRAFTING METHODS

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 310-317
Author(s):  
DHEIMY DA SILVA NOVELLI ◽  
GABRIELA DA SILVA TAMWING ◽  
SEBASTIÃO ELVIRO DE ARAÚJO NETO ◽  
LUIS GUSTAVO DE SOUZA E SOUZA ◽  
NILCILÉIA MENDES DA SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Indolebutyric Acid ◽  
Parametric Test ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Graft Success ◽  
Grafting Methods

ABSTRACT The objectives of the tests were to evaluate concentrations of indolebutyric acid (IBA) combined with different types of cuttings and grafting methods on the vegetative propagation of cajazeira-dejabuti (S. testudinis). The experiment with stem cuttings was conducted in a greenhouse with an intermittent misting system. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 5 x 6 factorial arrangement consisting of five cutting types: apical, medial, basal, stratified, and tanchan, and six IBA concentrations: 0, 1,000, 2,000, 3,000, 4,000, and 5,000 mg kg-1, with four replications of ten cuttings. The experiment with the root cuttings followed a randomized block design composed of six IBA concentrations (0, 1,000, 2,000, 3,000, 4,000, and 5,000 mg kg-1) with four replications, evaluating after 120 days the percentages of live, sprouted, rooted, and calloused cuttings, and the number and dry mass of roots and sprouts. Five grafting methods (chip budding, shield budding, cleft grafting, wedge grafting, and splice grafting) were tested by evaluating the graft success and sprouting percentages at 30 and 60 days after grafting, respectively. Statistical analyses were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test. The IBA concentrations of 0, 2,000, 3,000, and 5,000 mg kg-1 increased the number of sprouts in tanchan cuttings. The tanchan cuttings showed the highest survival and percentage of sprouts regardless of the IBA concentration. The IBA concentration of 2,200 mg kg-1 promotes higher rooting rates in root cuttings. Splice grafting provides higher graft success and sprouting rates.

scholarly journals Nitrogen and potassium supply and the morphogenic and productive characteristics of marandu palisadegrass

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1666-1675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcio Mahmoud Megda ◽  
Francisco Antonio Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
System Development ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Root System Development ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Specific Length

The objective of this work was to study morphogenic characteristics, and dry matter production of roots and shoots of marandu palisadegrass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu) submitted to combinations of nitrogen and potassium, in a nutritive solution, employing silica as substrate. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse during the summer. It was used a 5² fractionated factorial scheme with 13 combinations of nitrogen and potassium, which were distributed in a randomized block design, with four replications. The nitrogen × potassium interaction was significant for the number of tillers and leaves, for leaf area, for shoots and root section dry mass, for total length and surface and specific length and surface in the roots. Production of aerial part dry mass positively correlated with the number of tillers and leaves and grass leaf area. Nitrogen rates modulated the root system development, and the root specific length and surface decreased when high rates of nitrogen and potassium were supllied. Nitrogen and potassium influence Marandu palisadegrass morphogenic characteristics, which are determinant for grass dry matter production.

scholarly journals MORPHOLOGICAL AND PRODUCTIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF FORAGE CACTUS VARIETIES

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
PHILIPE LIMA DE AMORIM ◽  
JANAINA AZEVEDO MARTUSCELLO ◽  
JOSÉ TEODORICO DE ARAÚJO FILHO ◽  
DANIEL DE NORONHA FIGUEIREDO VIEIRA DA CUNHA ◽  
LIANA JANK
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Use Efficiency

ABSTRACT: Cultivars of the genus Nopalea are known in Brazil for being tolerant to cochineal carmine attacks, thus making the cultivation of this genus a promising alternative for mitigating the negative effects of this insect on the production of biomass. With the objectives of characterizing morphologically spineless forage cactus varieties and identify morphological characteristics that may be the focus in spineless forage cactus breeding programs, an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design with 11 treatments and four replications. The variety Alagoas showed the highest values of weight, area and volume of cladodes. The varieties Negro Michoacan F7 and V7, Tamazunchale V12 showed the highest values of the cladode area index, the total volume of cladodes and total fresh mass production. The varieties Negro Michoacan V7 and F7 presented the highest water use efficiency and dry mass yield. Cladode volume showed the highest correlation coefficients with the fresh weight of cladodes. Aiming the release of varieties for biomass production, varieties Negro Michoacan F7, V7 and Tamazunchale V12 may substitute the Miúda variety. The number and cladode area index may be used as criteria for selection of superior varieties in breeding programs.

scholarly journals Drought-induced alterations in the uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and the relation with drought tolerance in sugar cane

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thais Ramos da Silva ◽  
Jairo Osvaldo Cazetta ◽  
Samira Domingues Carlin ◽  
Bruna Robiati Telles
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Plant Transpiration ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Prolonged Drought ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Relationship Of

ABSTRACT Although there are evidences that the proper supply of mineral nutrients to plants relieves water stress, little is known on the approach of how the drought affects the absorption and accumulation of nutrients by distinct sugar cane genotypes, or in different parts of a same plant. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the content and accumulation of N, P and K in the aerial part of plant from three genotypes of sugar cane, submitted to three water potentials in the soil, and check the relationship of these variables with the tolerance of plants to prolonged drought. In order to access this objective, an experiment under greenhouse conditions, comprised by a fatorial 3 × 3, in a randomized block design, and four replicates was carried out. After 90 days from treatment imposition, the plant transpiration rate, plant dry mass, concentration of N, P and K were determined in leaves and culms, as well as in total plant shoot were measured. It was found that tolerance to drought in sugar cane is related to higher levels of N and K in the leaves and stems, and larger accumulations of K and P in the plant shoot. There is high positive correlations among accumulation of N, P and K in the plant shoot and dry matter production by plants submitted to drought. There are intermediate correlations among plant transpiration and nutrient uptake by plants under drought. Plants of the genotype SP81-3250 are more tolerante to prolonged drought, than the RB855453 and IACSP95-5000 plants.

scholarly journals Interference of Urochloa plantaginea on Morphophysiology and Yield Components of Black Beans

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 272
Author(s):  
Milena Barretta Franceschetti ◽  
Leandro Galon ◽  
Maico André Michelon Bagnara ◽  
Renan Pawelkiewicz ◽  
Leonardo Brunetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Period ◽  
Black Beans ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Among the factors which affect crop productivity, there are weeds which compete for environment resources. The objective of this work was to determine the periods of interference of alexandergrass on the morphophysiology and productivity components of black beans. The experiment was conducted in a complete randomized block design with four replications. The bean cultivar of the black type used was IPR Uirapuru, being the treatments separated in two models of interference: in the coexistence group, the crop of the bean lived with the alexandergrass by growing periods of 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 and throughout the cycledays after emergence and throughout the cycle; in the control group the crop was kept free of the infestation for the same periods described previously. At 42 DAE were evaluated the variables related to plant morphology and physiology (height of bean plants, number of trifoliate leaves, dry mass plant, number of grains pods, number od pods plants, stomatal conductance, internal CO2 concentration, photosynthetic activity, efficiency of carboxylation, efficient use of water, transpiration rate). Considering the results, it is possible to conclude that the critical period of interference prevention (CPIP) comprises 24 to 50 DAE, the period before the interference (PBI) was 24 DAE and the total period of interference prevention (TPIP) was 50 days and that the morphological and physiological variables of the plants were negatively affected in the coexistence with the alexandergrass when compared to the treatments kept free of weeds throughout the crop cycle.

scholarly journals Cutting Height of Mombasa Grass Under Silvopastoral and Monoculture Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 433
Author(s):  
M. O. D. Rodrigues ◽  
A. C. dos Santos ◽  
M. O. D. Rodrigues ◽  
O. Silveira Junior ◽  
L. B. T. de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transition Period ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Silvopastoral System ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Rainy Period ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Main Variable ◽  
Cutting Management ◽  
Cutting Height

This study aimed to evaluate the production of Mombasa grass cultivation under two different systems: monoculture and silvopastoral, with heights of 70, 80, 90, and 100 cm. Two seasons were evaluated: rainy period (December to March) and rain/drought transition (March to June). The variables evaluated were: total dry mass (TDM), dry mass (DM) of the morphological components, number of tillers, efficiency of nitrogen use, DM content, number of harvest cycles and cutting intervals. The experimental design was a randomized block design with five replications. The monoculture system presented the highest yields of TDM, number of tillers and DM of the morphological components in the two evaluated periods. The main variable affected by shading was the number of tillers per area, which directly affects all variables linked to production. In addition to the type of system, the time of the year also influenced the production of DM of the grass. The evaluation of grass productivity in silvopastoral system evidenced that the plant tends to respond differently to cutting management when compared to the monoculture system. In the monoculture system, the recommended height for greater TDM yield and better leaf/stem ratio in the rainy period and the rainy/drought transition period was 80 cm, maintaining the residue height at 40 cm. As for SSP, cutting height of 70 cm presented the highest TDM and leaf/stem ratio for the two evaluated periods, maintaining the residue height at 40 cm.

scholarly journals Yield and physiological quality of wheat seeds after desiccation with different herbicides

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio Henrique Krenchinski ◽  
Victor José Salomão Cesco ◽  
Danilo Morilha Rodrigues ◽  
Vinicius Gabriel Caneppele Pereira ◽  
Alfredo Junior Paiola Albrecht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Glufosinate Ammonium ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Wheat Seeds

Abstract: Some desiccation techniques for harvesting wheat may affect seed quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different desiccant herbicides applied to the wheat crop and their effects on the production and seed quality. The experiment was conducted with cultivar COODETEC 150 (CD 150) in two sites in Palotina (Paraná state, Brazil) with a randomized block design consisting of 7 treatments (desiccation herbicides) and 4 replications. Desiccation was realized when 50% of the plants were in stage 80 with seeds in powdery or mass consistency. The variables analyzed were percentage of moisture content after harvest, Yield, hectoliter weight, mass of 100 seeds, vigor, germination, fresh mass of seedlings, dry mass of seedlings and root length. The herbicides carfentrazone-ethyl and clethodim were the ones that promoted greatest reduction in vigor. The herbicide paraquat caused reduction in seedling length. There was a reduction in the mass of 100 seeds for glufosinate-ammonium, clethodim, diquat and carfentrazone-ethyl. Glufosinate-ammonium, paraquat, glyphosate, clethodim and diquat caused reduction in yield. Desiccation of Cultivar CD 150 at stage 80 is not recommended, since plant Yield and physiological seed parameters were adversely affected by herbicides.

scholarly journals Interference Periods in Soybean Crop as Affected by Emergence Times of Weeds

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
R.R. ZANDONÁ ◽  
D. AGOSTINETTO ◽  
B.M. SILVA ◽  
Q. RUCHEL ◽  
D.S. FRAGA
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Intermediate Time ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
Weed Emergence

ABSTRACT: Weeds emergence times modify competition with crops. Thus, the hypothesis was that the increase in weed emergence flow decreases the period prior to interference (PPI) in soybeans and increases the critical period of interference prevention (CPIP). The objective was to determine the PPI and the CPIP of weeds in soybean crops as affected by the preferred time of weeds emergence flow. Three experiments were conducted in the field in a randomized block design with four replications. The treatments were arranged in a factorial design with factor A consisting of coexistence or weed control in soybeans and factor B for eight periods (0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 and 135 days after crop emergence (DAE)). The numbers of emerged plants and weed dry mass by genus and crop productivity were evaluated. The weed interference in culture during all the crop cycle reduces the soybean average yield 73, 94 and 89% in the first, second and third sowing times, respectively. Chemical control may be adopted at the end of PPI, which must be done at 14, 15 and 5 DAE crop, for the first, second, third times, respectively. The sowing in advance and intermediate time of recommendation increase the PPI in about 10 days, favoring the weed management in soybean crops.

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