Transformacja społeczna i polityczna w Niderlandach w latach 1967–1971

Social and Political Transformation in the Netherlands in 1967–1971 The author deals with the subject of social and political transformation that took place in the Netherlands at the turn of the 1960s and 1970s. This was a key transformation for the existence of the now tolerant and open Netherlands. It entailed permanent changes, not only in the cultural and social spheres, but also reflected in Dutch politics.

The Municipal Council in the Polish Local Government Structure: Selected Aspects

The article presents selected aspects being a consequence of the evolution of local government in Poland. The main attention is focused on the presentation of the structure and competences of the municipal council, in the context of systemic changes of local government. The article is of a review nature character and its aim is to diagnose organisational solutions concerning the municipal council in Poland. The main premise of the article implies that the process of evaluation of the structure and functioning of the municipal council is conditioned by involvement of the local residents who experience its influence on their daily lives, including meeting their needs. Decentralisation and participation of local community members in local government structures such as the municipal council or other bodies are key issues in civil society development. The process of local government evolution has not been completed and localgovernment organisation and functionality does not deviate from European standards.

Prawo małoletnich do wolności od hazardu, uzależnienia od Internetu i gier komputerowych

The Right of Minors to Freedom from Gambling and Internet andGaming Addition The aim of the article is to highlight the dangers of gambling and Internet and gaming addiction of minors and young persons. The author is convinced that in the absence of positive legislative changes and if creators of games engaging young persons in gaming are not punished, children will not be safe in the online environment. There will not have any other lives than those in the games they play. Additionally, the most important thing is the role of the parents, guardians and teachers. They should talk to children about the problem, show them the dangers and organise better their free time – in an educational and carefree way. In accordance with the obligatory rules of custody, they should ensure them suitable development, safety and a sense of belonging. The teachers ought to support these activities. Summarising, if the status quo continues to be tolerated, minors and young person’s will be deprived of carefree life and suffer from harm and even sudden deaths. The author is sure that parents and children do not give enough attention to that and we should not take away from young person’s the joy of simple things letting them play in the Internet instead.

Dyskryminacja w szkole i jej konsekwencje w sferze psychospołecznego funkcjonowania jednostki

Discrimination at School and its Consequences in the Sphere of the Psychosocial Functioning of Individuals Discrimination is a widespread and firmly established phenomenon in society. Its manifestations can be observed already at the stage of relations between children. School as a natural peer environment is a meeting place for different people with certain characteristics, where some individuals, due to the presence or absence of certain features, differ from the general public and it is the sequalities that cause discriminatory behaviour towards them. Discrimination is based on stereotypes and prejudices formed and functioning in society and has specific consequences for all spheres of life, both for those experiencing discrimination and those discriminating others.

Funkcjonowanie administracji publicznej w sytuacji kryzysu spowodowanego czynnikami zewnętrznymi – studium przypadku COVID-19

The Functioning of Public Administration in a Crisis Situation Caused by External Factors: a COVID 19 Case Study The Sars-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic has caused major changes to the functioning of countries and their communities around the world. We observe the consequences of the spread of a disease which knows no boundaries. Experts talk and write about the crisis, the effects of which affect various spheres of socio-economic life. Governments of many countries, with the support of public administration, have taken a number of activities related to ensuring the safety of citizens, but also the continuity of the state’s functioning and reducing the effects of a possible economic slowdown. The goal of the paper is to analyse how the Sars-CoV-2 coronavirus has influenced and still influences public administration, taking into account a wide selection of activities, good practices in the areas of human resource management, customer service, as well as communication between national authorities and citizens.

Opieka wytchnieniowa jako nowe zadanie dla organów samorządu terytorialnego – przegląd dotychczasowej praktyki prawnej

Respite Care as a New Task for Local Government Bodies: A Review of the Legal Practice to Date Respite care, also known as relieving care, is a form of supporting families of people with disabilities that require constant care, especially at home. The purpose of this type of support is to temporarily relieve the family or informal caregivers from the need to perform caring activities, which are then taken over by a specialized entity. It seems to be primarily an instrument of social assistance, and not, as it is sometimes misinter preted, of the healthcare system. The aim of this study is to analyse the current legal status regarding respite care, its place in the legal order and the support system for people with disabilities and their families. First of all, it is based on analysis of the literature as the main research method used. The article analyses the solutions adopted, among others, in the Act on the Solidarity Fund and Programmes titled Respite Care.

Zanieczyszczenie świetlne. Zagrożenia i sposoby jego ograniczania

Threats Related to Light Pollution and Ways to Reduce it The natural environment can be exposed to many different types of pollution. The most frequently mentioned are air, water, soil and radioactive contamination. On the other hand, light pollution is mentioned much less frequently. Light pollution only applies to light from artificial sources. It turns out that light, in addition to its undisputable advantages and colossal significance for life, in some cases can be associated with significant threats. The purpose and premise of this publication is to show that light pollution involves a considerable threat to the natural environment, including animals and humans. However, there are ways to effectively limit this phenomenon. The paper discusses the concept of light pollution, its sources, forms and division. Particular attention has been devoted to the characterisation of the threats that it brings with regard to the natural environment, including humans. The publication also reveals examples of actions to reduce this harmful phenomenon. The article has been created using book materials, magazines, as well as information available online. The research method used in the publication is existing data analysis and literary criticism. The test results verify the premise positively.

Zwrot nieruchomości przeznaczonych pod drogi publiczne w trybie przepisów szczególnych – zarys problemu

Return of Property Designed for Public Roads under Special Regulations Interference in property rights carried out under expropriations is a sensitive issue, especially when it concerns public road construction or extension. The legal situation of entities whose property rights were withdrawn deteriorated after 2006, which was related to the introduction of lex specialis regulations, which are ambiguous as to the right to allow the return of unused property for the purpose of expropriation. The objective of this study is to identify the most important issues found in numerous court orders and legal literature. All considerations should lead to a deeper analysis of the presented issues and refer to the formulated de lege ferenda conclusions.