Explaining the Firm's De-Internationalization Process by Using Resource-Based View

The main purpose of this chapter is to analyze why some firms fail in their international operation either right after their exposure or after a certain period of time. Resource-Based View (RBV), which deals with firms' competitive advantage and their superior performance, is used to predict the underlying reasons of firms' failure of internationalization process. In international marketing, RBV basically states that the firm internationally expands its territory when it decides to exploit its resources and capabilities in other markets. This chapter extends RBV literature by applying it to de-internationalization process of the firm. It also provides a framework that shows the actions that need to be taken when firms are faced with a failure in their international operation.

Sales Force Appraisal System

Performance appraisal is an important control tool in all functional areas of an organization, more so in sales management, as it is an important area to be considered for an organization's bottom line, sales revenue, and profits. Having an integrated and holistic approach to a Sales Force Appraisal System (SFAS) is useful for motivating and retaining the sales force in a competitive environment, particularly with the use of IT in the appraisal process, referred to in the current context as automated SFAS. In this chapter, the authors look at the importance of such a system and how this approach has helped reap benefits in one of the organizations in the pharmaceutical industry. This model has immensely transformed the organization's environment into a high sales performance culture. Additionally, this model can serve as an addition to the existing literature on sales force performance appraisal and its role on sales management.

The Effect of Low Employee Turnover Ratio on Bank Profitability in Turkey

The purpose of this chapter is to emphasize the effect of bank employee turnover on profitability. Researchers so far have commonly studied employee turnover, job satisfaction, and commitment. The current research intends to fill the gap by focusing on the relationship between employee turnover and profitability. In this chapter, firstly, employee turnover, its terminology, and the nature of turnover are defined. This relationship in the banking sector is analyzed and three private banks in Turkey are scrutinized. The main argument of the research is that there is an adverse relationship between employee turnover and bank profitability. Conversely, the results of the study do not thoroughly support the assumption. As a result, findings show that banks minimize the effects of economic crisis by dismissal and not recruiting new employees to replace a quitting worker or recruiting for a new position.

A Modern Approach to Sustainable Resource Management

The starting point of this chapter is the weakening ability of natural resources to meet the growing and diversifying needs of mankind. This chapter aims to draw attention to the “Ecological Footprint” as a measurable concept of impact of the production and consumption activities on the natural environment. However, every country demands more resources than it has, and developed countries, with their production and consumption patterns, are becoming the primary actors of injustice in the distribution of resources. As seen in the data used in this study, from individuals to countries, ecological footprint is growing steadily, whereas biocapacity to meet the needs is shrinking steadily. By using statistical data demonstrating the ecological footprint and biocapacity changes and differentiation among the countries by years, this chapter clearly reveals the need for a sustainable resource management.

Green Marketing

Due to the negative impact of globalized production and consumption on the natural environment, businesses keep facing increased pressure to eliminate their harmful processes and transform into environmentally conscious organizations. Marketing as a business function having a high interaction rate with customers and other stakeholders receives its share from this wave. Every day, more organizations become engaged in green marketing practices either by complying with laws and regulations or seizing proactive environmental marketing strategies. This chapter aims to propose a conceptual framework for green marketing by reviewing the existing green marketing and sustainable marketing literature. In addition to that, considering the less developed literature in Business-to-Business (B2B) green marketing, the chapter uses previous strategic frameworks for suggesting green marketing activities for industrial services. Logistics is selected as a specific field for the proposition of the examples. The chapter concludes with implications and further research directions.

Integrated Waste Management

Handling of solid waste has been a serious problem for countries all over the world. Increase in population, change in life standard and life style, industrialization and production of new products contribute to the increase in the amount of solid wastes and consequently the problems generated by them. Developed countries, being aware of the significance of the problems, established regulatory programs, while economically developing countries continued to handle the solid wastes in a very primitive way, such as dumping them into “open dumps.” In these countries recycling activities are mostly carried on by scavengers in a very primitive way. For the protection of the environment and sustainable development, economically developing countries should establish solid waste management policies, plan recycling programs and publish related regulations and by-laws, and strictly control the application of them. This is explored in this chapter.

Relationship between Movie Industry and Marketing with Respect to Cultural Economy

Today, culture and art industry have expanded and diversified thanks to the increasing interest and demand for culture and art products in the world. As a result, a structure, which comprises conventional components of marketing, has emerged in order to fulfill this demand and bring together the products of art and their target market. As an element of the culture and art industry, cinema industry constitutes an important part of everyday life. Cinema has gone through technological advancements and has become an industry, which feeds many different lines of business. This chapter examines the movie industry, which has an evolving and diversifying structure and which is considered an important element of the art and culture industry. The aim of this research is to create a theoretical structure between the relationship of marketing and the movie industry, especially at the point where the movie industry brings the audiences together.

Marketing Strategies for the Generation “C” Consumer Behavior

Generations are mainly listed as the silent generation, Generation X, Generation Y, Generation Z, and lastly, Generation C. Among them, “Generation C” is the new target market of the strategists with their high use of technology and changing consumer behavior. Especially with the conveniences provided by the Internet, while the world is getting smaller and more global, it is foreseen that this generation, who tend to live mobile and who are active media users, will change the equilibrium in the future. In this chapter, generation C's consumer behavior and the marketing strategies developed for them are explored. As GSM sector is assumed to be one of the most important sectors of this generation, a good member of Turkish GSM market, Turkcell's, approach to this generation is surveyed in the frame of this new generation.

Financial Problems of the Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises and Solution Suggestions

The global economic crisis affected the giant companies and Small- and Mid-Sized Enterprises (SME). Financial problems of SMEs illustrate the necessity of effective management and a sufficient capital structure. In this chapter, the significant role of SMEs in the Turkish economy is evaluated. The major financial problems of SMEs and their effects on management and capital structure are analyzed. The financial problems of these fast-growing enterprises are highlighted and solution suggestions are provided.

Sustainability Campaigns and Consumer Involvement

The main aim of this chapter is to find out the effects of NGO campaigns on consumers in terms of attitude and behavior and discover any relationship between this effect and sustainable personality factors such as altruism, locus of control, and long-term orientation. A survey is conducted with 177 consumers who reside in Turkey for at least two years that are older than 18 years. Experimented with two popular environmental NGO campaigns, results reveal clearly that altruistic personality trait has a positive effect on consumers in terms of behavior. Locus of control and long-term orientation are not correlated with environmental behavior and attitude of consumers. In addition, only age is positively correlated with consumer behavior in one of the campaigns. Demographics are not found to be sufficient to explain consumer behavior in environmental campaigns.