Using Big Data Analytics to Assist a Smart City to Prevent Cyber Security Threats

The concept of a smart city as a means to enhance the life quality of citizens has been gaining increasing importance in recent years globally. A smart city consists of city infrastructure, which includes smart services, devices, and institutions. Every second, these components of the smart city infrastructure are generating data. The vast amount of data is called big data. This chapter explores the possibilities of using big data analytics to prevent cybersecurity threats in a smart city. It also analyzed how big data tools and concepts can solve cybersecurity challenges and detect and prevent attacks. Using interviews and an extensive review of the literature have developed the data analytics and cyber prevention model. The chapter concludes by indicating that big data analytics allow a smart city to identify and solve cybersecurity challenges quickly and efficiently.

Review of the Role of the Internet of Things (IoT) on the Consumer Market

This chapter reviews the internet of things (IoT) as a key component of a smart city and how it is applied to consumers' daily lives and business. The IoT is a part of information and communication technology (ICT) and is considered a powerful means to improve consumers' quality of life. The “thing” could be any object which has internet capability, such as wearable devices and smart TVs/phones/speakers. Several studies have identified driving factors that have led consumers to adopting them, but also concerns of consumers' resistance to IoT devices. The three major fields of application of IoT technologies were selected to review the role of the IoT in consumers' daily lives and business.

Large Technical Systems

In recent years, artificial intelligence has become a new normal in the modern world. Even though there are still limitations and it remains to be premature both in terms of applications and theoretical approaches, AI has a huge potential to shift various systems from healthcare to transportation. Needless to say, smart cities are also significant for AI's development. IoT, big data applications, and power networks bring a new understanding of how we live and what the future will be like when AI is adapted to smart cities. However, it is highly misleading to focus on AI itself in this manner. Rather, it should be considered as a part of the ‘Large Technical System'. In this vein, the chapter will ask the following questions: To what extent might AI contribute the power networks of smart cities? How can LTS theory explain this evolution both in terms of technical aspects and technopolitics?

Smart New York City

This study is an examination of the integration of information, telecommunications, mobile technology, and artificial intelligence (AI) technology in New York City's (NYC) infrastructure to maximize development and to improve the services provided to residents and their quality of life. Efficiency in service delivery is enhanced through smart technologies, and embracing innovation makes city systems efficient. The study is based on Barlow and Levy-Bencheton's smart cities theory. The research questions concern how the integration of smart technology improves the quality of life for residents and provides economic benefits for the city. The researcher surveyed 425 New York City residents to analyze the impact of smart technology on the city's systems. The findings indicated that 96% of residents experienced positive effects from smart technology on their quality of life. Smart cities have digitalized systems to enhance water supply, transportation, waste management, safety, public awareness, and health service delivery, among other essential services.

Collaborative Governance

In this 21st century, collaborative governance has got a great attention to resolve socio-economic problems and assure sustainable development goals. It is a new form of governance in which multi-stakeholders, such as the public agencies, private sectors, civil society organizations and international public organizations are working together to build trust in government, resolve societal challenges, assure economic prosperity and development, and bring institutional transformation. This book chapter describes the theoretical and conceptual perspectives of collaborative governance. The author believed that giving some insights on the collaborative governance; conceptual understanding, the dynamics and importance of collaborative governance for building the smart cities, its nexus with development, and measurement parameters for checking its effectiveness, could produce a theoretical and conceptual asset for the other authors who want to make an in-depth investigation on the areas of governance.

Smart Cities, ICT, and Small Businesses in the USA

The phenomenon of smart cities is not new in the literature, and one of the definitions emphasizes the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) to improve quality of life and efficiency of services. To this end, IT systems become crucial and essential to a city's quest to be “smart.” Thus, many organizations including SMEs have developed and utilized networks to facilitate their operations, transactions, and business functions. Given the role of small businesses in an economy and their quest operate in a smart environment and using surveys from organization, this study examines how smart these small businesses are by looking at their ICT usage. The study found that inasmuch as these small businesses improved in their usage of ICT, they are now faced with the risk of cyberattack, and while many of these businesses are virtually doing nothing to curb this, it becomes pertinent for an awareness to be put in place to help these small businesses realize the need for risk management especially as it relates to cyberattacks.

Smart Parking

With the increase of urban population and traffic congestion, smart parking is a strategic, economic, environmentally friendly solution for cities looking to remain connected. A sustainable parking system parking is connected in some way to every facet of the city that is water, waste, energy, and transportation. With the information and communication technology evolution and the development of the internet of things, drivers can more efficiently find satisfying parking spaces with smart parking services. This research adopts a survey approach by employing the use of questionnaires. From the questionnaire, descriptive data analysis is used to synthesize, analyze, and interpret the data. The result elicits user requirements and constraints for the development of a mobile app solution that will eliminate unnecessary traffic and ensure the maximum utilization of municipal parking facilities. These user requirements will determine the design and development of a mobile application that saves time, reduce the environmental impact, and improve the quality of life.

E-Scooter Systems

Transportation planning, as one of the essential parts of city planning, has the potential to solve many problems on a global scale. These problems can be listed as traffic congestion, air pollution, fossil-fuel consumption, accessibility problems, global warming, climate change, and psychological problems affecting human lives. In recent years, transportation planning studies have come to the fore within the concept of sustainable urban mobility. The focus of this research is e-scooter systems, one of the micromobility options within the scope of urban mobility. The study explores how the availability of this micro transport mode can affect the time, cost, and ease of travels. In order to get information about the applications in Turkey, provider representatives were interviewed, and mobile applications and expert opinions were consulted.

Learning Cities as Smart Cities

The purpose of this chapter is to explore the connections between technology and lifelong learning and the respective initiatives of smart cities and learning cities. The Pew Research Center reports that place-based learning remains vital for pursuing knowledge especially from digital technology. This means that although learning occurs in traditional places (home, work, or community), the use of technology further enhances learner engagement across the entire society. As such, learning cities is a placed-based initiative for implementing education and lifelong learning. Smart cities, similarly, expand the implementation of education and lifelong learning, but through a broader medium of digital technology and the internet. The important connection between lifelong learning (as learning cities) and technology (as smart cities) is the aim for providing access to every individual in society. This chapter offers an analysis of two concepts representing these two cities' initiatives.