scholarly journals Nonstationary desertification dynamics of desert oasis under climate change and human interference

2015 ◽  
Vol 120 (23) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guohe Huang ◽  
Xiaosheng Qin ◽  
Li He ◽  
Hua Zhang ◽  
Yongping Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Interference ◽  
Desert Oasis

scholarly journals REVIEWS ON THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC INDICATORS FOR SPATIAL URBAN SCALE

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Illyani Ibrahim ◽  
Azizan Abu Samah ◽  
M. Zainora Asmawi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Human Interference ◽  
Economic Framework ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
Socio Economic Variables ◽  
Selection Of

In recent decades, socio-economic variables have been widely used to investigate regional scale particularly in climate change studies. This paper aims to review appropriate socio-economic indicators for studies related to environment and climate at the level of spatial urban scale. It has been a challenge to select appropriate indicators because the interrelationship between human interference and the environment has proved difficult to be understood. The method used for the review is content analysis. The finding proposes the future research to choose suitable socio-economic indicators by referring to the scale of study and the spatial coverage of the topic. This article also provides a socio-economic framework to ensure that the appropriate of urban scale is the key aspect for selection of indicators in environmental and climate related studies.

scholarly journals Carbon Sequestration in the Urban Areas of Seoul with Climate Change: Implication for Open Innovation in Environmental Industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Don Lee ◽  
Sun-Soon Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Forest Carbon ◽  
Carbon Pool ◽  
Human Interference ◽  
Decrease Rate ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon ◽  
Potential Climate Change

This study estimates the impact of potential climate change, and human interference (anthropogenic deforestation), on temperate forest carbon pool change in the capital area of South Korea, using a dynamic global vegetation model (DGVM). Additionally, the characteristics of forest carbon pool change were simulated based on a biogeochemical module. The change of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration is deeply related to the change of the forest carbon pool, which is estimated with the measures of Net Primary Productivity (NPP), and Soil Carbon Storage (SCS). NPP and SCS were estimated at 2.02–7.43 tC ha−1 year−1 and 34.55–84.81 tC ha−1, respectively, during the period 1971–2000. SCS showed a significant decreasing tendency under the conditions of increasing air temperature, and precipitation, in the near future (2021–2050), and far future (2071–2100), which were simulated with future-climate scenario data without any human interference. Besides, it is estimated that the temporal change in NPP indicates only a small decrease, which is little influenced by potential climate change. In the case of potential climate change plus human interference, the decrease rate of NPP and SCS were simulated at 17–33% and 21–46%, respectively, during 2000–2100. Furthermore, the effect of potential human interference contributes to 83–93% and 61–54% of the decrease rate of NPP and SCS, respectively. The decline in the forest carbon pool simulated in this study can play a positive role in increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide. Consequently, the effect of potential human interference can further accelerate the decline of the temperate forest carbon pool. For the effective reduction of carbon dioxide emissions in urbanizing areas, it would be more effective to control human interference. Consequently, this study suggests that a rate of reforestation corresponding to the deforestation rate should be at least maintained, with long term monitoring and modeling-related studies, against climate change problems.

Africa’s Vanishing Animals

2020 ◽  
pp. 271-291
Author(s):  
Robert I. Rotberg
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Habitat Loss ◽  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
Human Interference

Africa is losing its animals. Many of the iconic fauna that are indelibly associated with Africa, and that attract so many local citizens and foreign tourists alike, no longer spread limitlessly across the vast savannahs of the mid-continent. Nor are many of the larger mammals of the unbroken forest often visible. Habitat loss, climate change, the pressure of humans searching for new pastures and agricultural fields, and this century’s massive escalation of illegal poaching have all decimated the herds of elephants, the pods of rhinoceros, the prides of lion, and even the towers of giraffe that once browsed and foraged without much human interference. Even the lowly and secretive pangolin is being hunted ceaselessly to satisfy Asian demand.

scholarly journals O Paradoxo das Mudanças Climáticas no Brasil: Aquecimento ou Resfriamento? (The Paradox of Climate Change in Brazil: Heating or Cooling?)

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Virginia Mirtes De Alcântara Silva ◽  
Maria da Conceição Marcelino Patrício ◽  
Raimundo Mainar de Medeiros ◽  
Alexandra Lima Tavares
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Human Interference ◽  
Key Words Climate Change ◽  
Global Cooling

Este trabalho inicia-se em um breve relato sobre as mais diversas opiniões acerca das mudanças climáticas, enfocando os conceitos de diversos pesquisadores acerca da temática, tão controversa nos meios científicos quanto a nível internacional. Várias opiniões divergem sobre o que realmente originam as mudanças climáticas, a primeira seria que as mudanças climáticas decorrem de ações antropogênicas, provindos do uso de combustíveis fósseis e o crescimento da agricultura alterando na atmosfera um aumento de CO2, que conseqüentemente induziriam a elevação da temperatura, ou seja, ao aquecimento global, entretanto, existem argumentos que se contrapõem ao aquecimento global de longo prazo e defendem um resfriamento global gradativo, baseando-se que o clima sofre influência de forças como o sol e os seus ciclos e os oceanos que cobrem 71% da superfície e que são os grandes reservatórios de calor, e que as mudanças climáticas são de ordem natural, pois a interferência humana é insignificante e apenas traz mudanças a nível local. Essas divergências científicas necessitam de comprovações, pois precisamos entender as conseqüências reais desse processo. Se realmente estamos caminhando para um aquecimento ou resfriamento e se as mudanças climáticas são de ordem natural ou antropogênicas.Palavras- chave: Mudanças climáticas, Aquecimento global, Resfriamento global, Divergências científicas.  The paradox of Climate Change in Brazil: Heating or Cooling?  ABSTRACTThis work begins in a brief report on the diverse views on climate change, focusing on the concepts of various researchers on the theme, so controversial in scientific circles as internationally. Various opinions differ on what really causes climate change, the first climate change that would result from anthropogenic activities, stemming from the use of fossil fuels growth in agriculture and the changing atmosphere in a CO2 increase, which consequently leads to a rise in temperature, or global warming, however, there are arguments to oppose the long-term global warming and advocate a gradual global cooling, based on the climate is influenced by forces like the sun and its cycles and the oceans that cover 71 % of the surface and are the great reservoirs of heat, and that climate change is a natural one, because human interference is negligible and only brings changes at the local. These differences need scientific proof, because we need to understand the real consequences of this process. If we are really heading for a heating or cooling and climate change are of a natural or anthropogenic. Key words: Climate change, Global warming, Global cooling, Scientific differences.

The UN IPCC'S Artful Bias: Summary of Findings: Glaring Omissions, False Confidence and Misleading Statistics in the Summary for Policymakers

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-328
Author(s):  
David E. Wojick
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Interference Theory ◽  
Human Interference ◽  
The Public ◽  
United Nations Environment Program ◽  
The Press ◽  
Degree Of Certainty ◽  
Third Assessment Report ◽  
Line Analysis ◽  
Nations Environment

The UN IPCC WG1 Summary for Policymakers (SPM) of the Third Assessment Report is not an assessment of climate change science, even though it claims to be. Rather, it is an artfully constructed presentation of just the science that supports the fear of human induced climate change. It is as one sided as a legal brief, which it resembles. Line by line analysis of the SPM reveals that all of the science that cuts against the theory of human interference with climate has been systematically omitted. In some cases the leading arguments against human interference are actually touched on, but without being revealed or discussed. In other cases the evidence against human interference is simply ignored. Because of these strategic omissions, the SPM voices a degree of certainty that is entirely false. Glaring omissions are only glaring to experts, so the “policymakers” – including the press and the public – who read the SPM will not realize they are being told only one side of a story. But the scientists who drafted the SPM know the truth, as revealed by the sometimes artful way they conceal it. This deliberate distortion can only be explained by the fact that the UN IPCC is part of an advocacy process, organized by the United Nations Environment Program and supporting the Kyoto Protocol. What is systematically omitted from the SPM are precisely the uncertainties and positive counter evidence that might negate the human interference theory. Instead of assessing these objections, the Summary confidently asserts just those findings that support its case. In short, this is advocacy, not assessment.

scholarly journals REVIEWS ON THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC INDICATORS FOR SPATIAL URBAN SCALE

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilyani Ibrahim ◽  
Azizan Abu Samah ◽  
M. Zainora Asmawi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Human Interference ◽  
Economic Framework ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
Socio Economic Variables ◽  
Selection Of

In recent decades, socio-economic variables have been widely used to investigate regional scale particularly in climate change studies. This paper aims to review appropriate socio-economic indicators for studies related to environment and climate at the level of spatial urban scale. It has been a challenge to select appropriate indicators because the interrelationship between human interference and the environment has proved difficult to be understood. The method used for the review is content analysis. The finding proposes the future research to choose suitable socio-economic indicators by referring to the scale of study and the spatial coverage of the topic. This article also provides a socio-economic framework to ensure that the appropriate of urban scale is the key aspect for selection of indicators in environmental and climate related studies.

Hydrological effects triggered by large-scale forest restoration in catchment scale, a case study in Daqing River Basin, North China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruonan Li ◽  
Hua Zheng ◽  
Ying Pan ◽  
Fei Lu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
North China ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Restoration Project ◽  
Human Interference ◽  
Hydrological Effects

<p>Human activities have had a dramatic impact on the forest ecosystem, which has changed from initial overexploitation to the current regional restoration. Such kind of human interference with forest ecosystem aggravates the uncertainty on regional hydrology in the contest of global climate change. Here we analyze the hydrology variation over 30 years in Daqing River Basin covered by the ecological restoration project, North China. We identified the influence of climate and human disturbance (ecological restoration project) on surface runoff and soil water. In addition, combined with the future plan of ecological restoration projects in the upper reaches and Xiong’an New Central Area construction in the lower reaches, regional hydrological effects and water demand gaps in the lower reaches under different restoration scenarios were analyzed. The results showed that since 1980's, the surface and soil water in Daqing River Basin had a sudden change in 1999, and the influence of human interference after the change was significantly higher than before, among which the influence of forest area and quality was the dominant contributors. The results of the scenario analysis show that under the existing regional ecological restoration projects and climate change trends, there will be about 1/6 water resource gap in the lower reaches of the basin by 2050, of which about 35% will be caused by ecological projects. Our research results show that changes in forest area and quality brought about by basin-level ecological restoration projects will significantly increase upstream evaporation and water conservation, thereby affecting the regional hydrological cycle and aggravating the conflict between supply and demand of water resources downstream.</p>

Averting robo-bees: why free-flying robotic bees are a bad idea

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 723-729
Author(s):  
Roslyn Gleadow ◽  
Jim Hanan ◽  
Alan Dorin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Food Security ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Plant Insect Interactions ◽  
Native Habitat ◽  
Insect Pollinators ◽  
Insect Interactions

Food security and the sustainability of native ecosystems depends on plant-insect interactions in countless ways. Recently reported rapid and immense declines in insect numbers due to climate change, the use of pesticides and herbicides, the introduction of agricultural monocultures, and the destruction of insect native habitat, are all potential contributors to this grave situation. Some researchers are working towards a future where natural insect pollinators might be replaced with free-flying robotic bees, an ecologically problematic proposal. We argue instead that creating environments that are friendly to bees and exploring the use of other species for pollination and bio-control, particularly in non-European countries, are more ecologically sound approaches. The computer simulation of insect-plant interactions is a far more measured application of technology that may assist in managing, or averting, ‘Insect Armageddon' from both practical and ethical viewpoints.

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