Urbanization, Structural Duality Between Urban and Rural Areas, and Economic Development

2020 ◽  
Vol V (II) ◽  
pp. 230-237
Author(s):  
Saima Urooge ◽  
Noor Jehan ◽  
Bibi Aisha Sadiqa

The present study investigates women’s contribution to the socio-economic development of a country via their shares in the family’s total income. District Peshawar was selected as a research area A well-defined questionnaire was randomly distributed among women respondents both working women and housewives (sample size 450 = 300 urban and 150 rural). Two models, working women share in the income of household and wife’s share in household income were estimated. Based on the findings of research it is deducted that Model 2 for working women’s share in family’s total is preferred to second Model 2 for housewives shares in family’s total income although both models showed a positive and significant effect in most of the urban and rural areas of the Peshawar. It is suggested that the rate of economic participation of these women can be substantially raised through the introduction of appropriate measures if these are carried out with true letter and spirit.


2020 ◽  
pp. 522-539
Author(s):  
József Káposzta ◽  
Krisztián Ritter ◽  
Henrietta Nagy

There are significant inequalities in development both within and over the borders of countries, in addition, urban and rural areas show significant differences in the level of development. The reason for the occurrence of spatial discrepancies is that the economic and social processes are always restructured in space and time and such processes are even accelerated by the globalization. In order to get precise and realistic picture about territorial processes, it is worth to learn the spatial processes that have already happened as well as their impacts on the spatial structure, since these may enable the regions to break out from the disadvantaged situation. In such a multivariable system, the development strategies need to be built on the endogenous potentials and own strengths of the regions. The aim of this chapter is to highlight the importance of local values and local conditions in the sustainable rural development, thus emphasizing the importance of localization in long-term progress. The chapter puts emphasis on the characteristics and features of transition countries.


Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 279
Author(s):  
Piotr Prus ◽  
Marek Sikora

The transport infrastructure can be defined as a factor that guarantees the growth and economic development of the region, due to the functions of traversing space in terms of the movement of people and the exchange of goods. The effects of the impact of transport infrastructure on the economy of the region largely depend on how the society uses the services offered by infrastructure facilities and devices. The study examines the impact of transport infrastructure on the sustainable socio-economic development of the Wałcz Lake District. To conduct the analysis, a questionnaire addressed to entrepreneurs from this region was used. In the second part of the research, the indicators of sustainable development at the regional level were applied: the level of transport infrastructure and the level of socio-economic development of the studied area. The study is an attempt to fill the cognitive gap for areas outside the country’s main transport corridors. The existing differentiation in both the development of infrastructure and the economic attractiveness of urban and rural areas was shown. Factors influencing the effectiveness of implementing the concept of sustainable rural development were indicated.


1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina E. Gringeri

This article examines industrial homeworking, a particular form of restructured production, in two rural, midwestern communities that incorporated these jobs as part of an economic development strategy. Case studies of these communities provide the data to discuss the process of development and the conditions of homeworking. Homework, as development, incorporated the gendered division of labor in the home into market relations and promoted uneven development between urban and rural areas. These cases point to the need to reconceptualize development, especially in rural communities.


2020 ◽  
pp. 128-141
Author(s):  
Víctor Castro Montenegro

ResumenLa corrupción afecta la democracia y el desarrollo económico de los países. En el Perú, la corrupción se percibe como el principal problema que aqueja al país, incluso por encima de la delincuencia. No obstante, no existen investigaciones que aborden la problemática desde un punto de vista empírico. La presente investigación es de tipo no experimental, se tomó comopoblación a los habitantes peruanos y como muestra todas las viviendas tanto en el área urbana como rural y cuyo objetivo general es determinar si existe una relación entre la incidenciaen la corrupción de tipo cohecho y el desarrollo regional en el Perú durante el periodo 2007 – 2017. La técnica utilizada en la presente investigación son el análisis de correlación de Pearson y los test paramétricos y no paramétricos como son el T-student y Mann-Whitney. Para tal fin, se mide el grado de asociación entre las variables citadas mediante el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson; así mismo, mediante los test T-Student y de Mann Whitney se analiza si existe diferencias entre el nivel de corrupción entre los gobiernos. Los resultados sugieren que existe una relación negativa entre el nivel de corrupción de tipo cohecho y el desarrollo económico de las regiones en el Perú, tanto en las dimensiones de ingreso, educación y salud. Por otra parte, se constata que la incidencia de la corrupción de tipo cohecho fue mayor en el gobierno de García que en el gobierno de Humala.Palabra clave: Corrupción en el Perú, Desarrollo económico regional, Correlación Pearson, Test Paramétrico. AbstractCorruption affects democracy and the economic development of countries. In Peru, corruption is perceived as the country’s main problem, even above crime. However, there is no research that approaches the problem from an empirical point of view. This research is of a non-experimental type, taking Peruvian inhabitants as a population and all households in both urban and rural areas as a sample. The general objective is to determine whether there is a relationship between the incidence of bribe-type corruption and regional development in Peru during the period 2007-2017. The technique used in this research is Pearson’s correlation analysis and parametric and non-parametric tests such as T-student and Mann-Whitney. To this end, the degree of association between the variables cited is measured using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Likewise, the T-Student and Mann Whitney tests analyse whether there are differences in the level of corruption between governments. The results suggest that there is a negative relationship between the level of bribe-type corruption and the economic development of the regions in Peru, in the income, education and health dimensions. On the other hand, the incidence of bribe-type corruption was higher in the García government than in the Humala government.Keywords: Corruption in Peru, Regional economic development, Pearson correlation, Parametric test.


1981 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alasdair Drysdale

Virtually all underdeveloped countries suffer acute and sometimes debilitating geographical inequalities in the distribution of wealth and opportunity. These spatial inequities exist at all levels: between regions, between urban and rural areas, and between center and periphery. Some regional planners view such imbalances as essentially transitory and argue that with increasing economic development, wealth and opportunity will eventually spill over from growth centers and trickle down through the urban hierarchy to backward, less-developed areas.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 5370-5377
Author(s):  
Zheng Shoubin ◽  
Yu Xiaoqing

After the reform and opening up, the speed of changes in China's rural areas is extremely rare in the history of China and even the world. The rapid development of China's economy leads this process of change. During this period, the speed of China's development caused great changes in ethnic identity, physical space, and cultural structure of traditional villages. On the whole, these changes were made passively along with the economic development of the entire country's large-scale system. Such passive village changes are mainly positive, but there are also negative aspects. Excessive reliance on exogenous economic forces can easily lead to lower uniqueness of the village’s culture, which is unconducive to the sustainable development of the village. Therefore, traditional Chinese villages should be developed based on the differences between urban and rural areas and the uniqueness of specific villages. This can not only meet the economic development needs of the village, but also achieve cultural diversity inheritance of traditional Chinese villages, thereby avoiding the continuous destruction and damage of the unique culture of specific villages in economic development.


Author(s):  
József Káposzta ◽  
Krisztián Ritter ◽  
Henrietta Nagy

There are significant inequalities in development both within and over the borders of countries, in addition, urban and rural areas show significant differences in the level of development. The reason for the occurrence of spatial discrepancies is that the economic and social processes are always restructured in space and time and such processes are even accelerated by the globalization. In order to get precise and realistic picture about territorial processes, it is worth to learn the spatial processes that have already happened as well as their impacts on the spatial structure, since these may enable the regions to break out from the disadvantaged situation. In such a multivariable system, the development strategies need to be built on the endogenous potentials and own strengths of the regions. The aim of this chapter is to highlight the importance of local values and local conditions in the sustainable rural development, thus emphasizing the importance of localization in long-term progress. The chapter puts emphasis on the characteristics and features of transition countries.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 13604
Author(s):  
Tomasz Herodowicz ◽  
Barbara Konecka-Szydłowska ◽  
Paweł Churski ◽  
Robert Perdał

This article attempts to identify the relationship between the persistent polarisation of political opinions and diverse levels of social and economic development. The coexistence of these phenomena may indicate a barrier to inclusive economic development, which connects with the United Nations Agenda for Sustainable Development. A research aim was to test two hypotheses: Hypothesis 1 (H1)—The increase in the spatial disparity of political support in Poland is persistent; and Hypothesis 2 (H2)—The spatial distribution of support for specific political options shows significant correlations with the distribution of social and economic growth. The study involves the following research methods implementation: desk research, intensity indicators and regression analysis. The results confirmed the persistence of spatial divisions in political support, whose distribution reflects to a large extent the diverse levels of social and economic development that exist. Two axes dividing Poland are identified, one between west and east and the other between urban and rural areas. The article connects with the international debate regarding “places that don’t matter” and the reasons behind the growing popularity of populist ideas in society.


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