The near Future: ICME for the Creation of New Materials and Structures

2012 ◽  
pp. 410-423
Keyword(s):  
New Materials ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Near Future

Improving the efficiency and reliability of electric power generation at incineration plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-285
Author(s):  
A. V. Martynov ◽  
N. E. Kutko
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Working Medium ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Working Media ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Efficiency And Reliability

The article deals with the problem of waste disposal and, accordingly, landfills in the Moscow Region, which have now become the number 1 problem for the environment in Moscow and the Moscow Region. To solve this problem, incineration plants (IP) will be established in the near future. 4 plants will be located in the Moscow Region that will be able to eliminate 2800 thousand tons of waste per year. Burning of waste results in formation of slag making 25% of its volume, which has a very high temperature (1300.1500°C). An arrangement is considered, in which slag is sent to a water bath and heats the water to 50.90°C. This temperature is sufficient to evaporate any low-temperature substance (freons, limiting hydrocarbons, etc.), whereupon the steam of the low-temperature working medium is sent to a turbine, which produces additional electricity. The creation of a low-temperature thermal power plant (TPP) increases the reliability of electricity generation at the IP. The operation of low-temperature TPPs due to the heat of slag is very efficient, their efficiency factor being as high as 40.60%. In addition to the efficiency of TPPs, capital costs for the creation of additional devices at the IP are of great importance. Thermal power plants operating on slag are just such additional devices, so it is necessary to minimize the capital costs of their creation. In addition to equipment for the operation of TPPs, it is necessary to have a working medium in an amount determined by calculations. From the wide variety of working media, which are considered in the article, it is necessary to choose the substance with the lowest cost.

Materials technology: Innovations and progress

Impact ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-53
Author(s):  
Lucy Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Technology Innovations ◽  
Societal Challenges ◽  
New Material ◽  
Innovative Materials ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Novel Applications

Materials technology is a constantly evolving discipline, with new materials leading to novel applications. For example, new material properties arise from combining different materials into composites. Researching materials can help solve societal challenges, with the creation of innovative materials resulting in breakthroughs in overcoming hurdles facing humankind, including energy challenges and medical problems. Innovative materials breathe new life into industries and spur on scientific and technological discovery.

US2RO: Union of Superpoints to Recognize Objects

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (04) ◽  
pp. 513-537
Author(s):  
Marcel Tiator ◽  
Anna Maria Kerkmann ◽  
Christian Geiger ◽  
Paul Grimm
Keyword(s):  
Imitation Learning ◽  
Network Architectures ◽  
Application Development ◽  
Repetitive Work ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Partition System ◽  
Performance Metric ◽  
Growing Environment ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Near Future

The creation of interactive virtual reality (VR) applications from 3D scanned content usually includes a lot of manual and repetitive work. Our research aim is to develop agents that recognize objects to enhance the creation of interactive VR applications. We trained partition agents in our superpoint growing environment that we extended with an expert function. This expert function solves the sparse reward signal problem of the previous approaches and enables to use a variant of imitation learning and deep reinforcement learning with dense feedback. Additionally, the function allows to calculate a performance metric for the degree of imitation for different partitions. Furthermore, we introduce an environment to optimize the superpoint generation. We trained our agents with 1182 scenes of the ScanNet data set. More specifically, we trained different neural network architectures with 1170 scenes and tested their performance with 12 scenes. Our intermediate results are promising such that our partition system might be able to assist the VR application development from 3D scanned content in near future.

scholarly journals AUTOMATIC RECONSTRUCTION OF ROOF MODELS FROM BUILDING OUTLINES AND AERIAL IMAGE DATA

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 448-457
Author(s):  
Vojtěch Hron ◽  
Lena Halounová
Keyword(s):  
Image Data ◽  
Aerial Survey ◽  
Aerial Image ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Digital Surface Model ◽  
Multiple Datasets ◽  
Building Models ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Different Levels

The knowledge of roof shapes is essential for the creation of 3D building models. Many experts and researchers use 3D building models for specialized tasks, such as creating noise maps, estimating the solar potential of roof structures, and planning new wireless infrastructures. Our aim is to introduce a technique for automating the creation of topologically correct roof building models using outlines and aerial image data. In this study, we used building footprints and vertical aerial survey photographs. Aerial survey photographs enabled us to produce an orthophoto and a digital surface model of the analysed area. The developed technique made it possible to detect roof edges from the orthophoto and to categorize the edges using spatial relationships and height information derived from the digital surface model. This method allows buildings with complicated shapes to be decomposed into simple parts that can be processed separately. In our study, a roof type and model were determined for each building part and tested with multiple datasets with different levels of quality. Excellent results were achieved for simple and medium complex roofs. Results for very complex roofs were unsatisfactory. For such structures, we propose using multitemporal images because these can lead to significant improvements and a better roof edge detection. The method used in this study was shared with the Czech national mapping agency and could be used for the creation of new 3D modelling products in the near future.

Materials of Aircraft Construction

1938 ◽  
Vol 42 (335) ◽  
pp. 922-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Gough
Keyword(s):  
Structural Material ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Entire Structure ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Casual Observer ◽  
Wilbur Wright ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Personal Research ◽  
Limited Scope

The Wilbur Wright Lectures not only commemorate that pioneer flight on which the art of practical aviation was founded but also offer homage to the brilliant research and invention which made that flight possible. It is, therefore, natural and fitting that such a large proportion of the preceding 25 lectures have dealt specifically with the application of research to matters aeronautical. The materials of aeronautical construction can also justly be classed as the outcome of much research into many fields of pure and applied science, with practical results that have made some contribution towards the advancement of aviation and, hence, fittingly form the subject of a Wilbur Wright Lecture. Accordingly, when the Council of the Royal Aeronautical Society honoured me with the invitation to deliver the 1938 lecture on this subject, I naturally read up the preceding lectures and was somewhat surprised to find that materials, as such, had not previously been dealt with in this connection. The task of making the first survey of a field of such alarming scope, in a necessarily limited space and time, involved some anxious reflection regarding a suitable method of treatment; it appeared that a detailed discussion of personal research, or even of a selected group of materials, must have such a limited scope as to be incompatible with what is implied in the allotted title. To the casual observer, the really wide range of the more familiar materials of construction that have been available for some years, allied to the normal steady improvements that have been effected and those that may be expected, may appear to offer all that is required for the aeronautical requirements of the next decade or so, so that reviews of the materials of, say, 1924, 1931, 1938 and 1945 would mainly represent a story of development rather than change ; actually, this is not the position. A relatively few years has seen the relinquishment, temporary or permanent, of the position held by steel as a structural material; the use of light alloys has become very general, an improved form of wood is definitely in the field while it may be that the entire structure of moulded plastics will become a practical proposition in the fairly near future. Then, the accomplishment of the aims of the engine builder with regard to units of much greater powers are retarded to a certain extent by the fact that a number of materials appear to have reached the visible peak of their development; new materials are urgently required. Again, who would care to prophesy that the airscrew of the future 2,000-4,000 h.p. engine will even be made of any kind of metal, although the present aluminium alloy propellers give such good performance.

Nanoparticle assembly: from fundamentals to applications: concluding remarks

2016 ◽  
Vol 186 ◽  
pp. 529-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Gang
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Behavior ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Nanoparticle Assembly ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Novel Approaches ◽  
The Creation

Nanoparticles, due to their broadly tunable functions, are major building blocks for generating new materials. However, building such materials for practical applications by self-assembly is quite challenging. Following the Faraday Discussion on “Nanoparticle Assembly: from Fundamentals to Applications” we discuss here the current trends in the field of self-assembly, including: understanding the unique interplay of molecular and nanoscale effects, a development of novel approaches for the creation of targeted nanoparticle architectures, advances in controlling dynamic behavior of systems and enabling new functions through specifically formed structures.

European Free Trade Association

1961 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-204 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
European Economic Community ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Trade Association ◽  
European Free Trade Association ◽  
The Press ◽  
Swiss Confederation ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Tariff Reductions

An important item of discussion during the Autumn months of 1960 among the members of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) was reported to be the question of association with the European Economic Community (EEC), but the press announced in October a “lack of progress” in resolving the problems encountered. The question was said to have been included in the issues taken up at the second ministerial meeting of the Council, held in Berne, Switzerland, on October 11 and 12, 1960. Mr. Max Petitpierre, president of the Swiss Confederation, reportedly stated in an address to the Council that, even if there was little prospect of an agreement between EEC and EFTA in the immediate future, it was imperative that the two organizations work together, not only for commercial and economic reasons, but also because of the mission that Europe was called on to discharge toward the newly independent countries. Since, however, an acceptable settlement with EEC seemed impossible in the near future, the Council determined that EFTA should proceed with its own plans. In pursuance of this decision, the Ministers decided to establish a consultative committee, representative of all aspects of economic activity, including labor, to advise on all facets of the activity of the Association. Also considered at the meeting was the possibility of an additional 10 percent tariff reduction to take effect as of January 1, 1961, to keep pace with the EEC cut scheduled for that date, but the Council concluded that too little time had elapsed since the first 20 percent tariff reductions on July 1, 1960, to make any modification of the timetable feasible at this time; it resolved, nevertheless, to re-examine the question early in 1961. The Ministers noted with satisfaction that the original tariff cuts had gone into operation without difficulty, and reasserted that the object of EFTA was not the creation of an inward-looking preferential bloc—for example, no restrictions on trade with third countries had been introduced with the creation of the group. EFTA offered to all trading nations, whether producers of industrial or agricultural products, stated the Council, the opportunities of an expanding market.

Imagining new materials: Design as puzzle-solving

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-209
Author(s):  
Viviana Lebedinsky
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Real World ◽  
Materials Design ◽  
New Materials ◽  
The Real ◽  
Nanoscience And Nanotechnology ◽  
Puzzle Solving ◽  
Innovative Materials ◽  
The Creation

How important is the imagination in the design and creation of new and innovative materials, and how can it be developed through formative processes? What happens when the real world becomes distinct from our imagination of it and what are the implications of such a rupture? These questions are considered with reference to a case study in the field of nanoscience and nanotechnology, which is examined with a focus on social relations, and formative processes in particular, emphasizing how these relations contribute to the creation–design of new materials. The author also examines the notion of imagination, focusing on its importance in the design of nanomaterials, which she conceptualizes as analogous to puzzle-solving. Two further examples enable us to reflect on different approaches through which the imagination might be understood and how the above questions can contribute to a rethinking of the hylomorphic and textility of making models.

Applicable Solvent Photoresist Strip Process for High-K/Metal Gate

2012 ◽  
Vol 187 ◽  
pp. 105-108
Author(s):  
Masayuki Wada ◽  
H. Takahashi ◽  
J. Snow ◽  
Rita Vos ◽  
P.W. Mertens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Volume ◽  
Device Fabrication ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Metal Gate ◽  
Technology Innovations ◽  
Integration Schemes ◽  
High K ◽  
Wet Processing ◽  
Near Future ◽  
28 Nm

In the very near future 32(28)-nm node device technology innovations will enter high volume manufacturing. New materials and structures, e.g. high-k (HK), high-k cap (HK cap), metal gate (MG) and SiGe channel, are being highly considered. Requirements for wet processing are varied according to metal-first or metal-last integration schemes. [1, 2, 3] One of the biggest challenges in wet processing for implementing new materials and structures is to achieve both high selectivity and low substrate loss. At some wet cleaning or etching processes, standard chemicals, e.g. APM, HF and O3, can be accommodated by optimizing the chemical condition. However, photoresist (PR) strip processes require the development of new chemicals or techniques, since SPM does not have sufficient compatibility against presently reported materials. This study focused on the PR strip technique via the dissolution and swelling effects in solvent, and an applicable process technique and its effectiveness for 32(28)-nm and beyond device fabrication is reported.

scholarly journals Le système monétaire européen : Où en sommes-nous?

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Decaluwé
Keyword(s):  
European Monetary Union ◽  
European Monetary System ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
European Monetary ◽  
Monetary System ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
The Creation ◽  
European Currency Unit ◽  
Near Future ◽  
European Monetary Fund

The decisions of the Council of Europe on December 5"', 1978, that would lead to the establishment of the European Monetary System, raise a multitude of questions. Among these, the creation of a European currency unit, the ECU, and the announcement of the establishment in the near future of a European Monetary Fund, the E.M.F., are the most symbolic decisions in terms of public opinion as well as the most important in their economic and political implications. In this article, we will show that the development of the ECU and the creation of a E.M.F. with substantial decisional autonomy are the two conditions necessary for strengthening the European monetary union.

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