Plasmid Dissemination

2009 ◽  
pp. 92-110
Keyword(s):  
Plasmid Dissemination

scholarly journals Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Community and Private Health Care Centers

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 3506-3514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne Arpin ◽  
Véronique Dubois ◽  
Laure Coulange ◽  
Catherine André ◽  
Isabelle Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Dna Typing ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
The Family ◽  
Ambulatory Patients ◽  
Providencia Stuartii ◽  
Plasmid Dissemination ◽  
Esbl Producers

ABSTRACT In 1999, 39 of 2,599 isolates of the family Enterobacteriaceae (1.5%) collected by eight private laboratories in the Aquitaine region in France produced an extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL). Among these were 19 Enterobacter aerogenes isolates; 8 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates; 6 Escherichia coli isolates; 3 Proteus mirabilis isolates; and 1 isolate each of Serratia marcescens, Morganella morganii, and Providencia stuartii. ESBL producers were isolated from 38 patients, including 33 residents of 11 clinics or nursing homes and 5 ambulatory patients. Seven different ESBLs were characterized. These mainly consisted of TEM-24 (25 isolates) and TEM-21 (9 isolates), but TEM-15 (2 isolates) and TEM-3, TEM-19, SHV-4, and CTX-M-1 (1 isolate each) were also characterized. Seven strains showed the coexistence of different TEM- and/or SHV-encoding genes, including a new SHV-1 variant, SHV-44, defined by the substitution R205L previously reported for SHV-3 in association with S238G. The epidemiology of the ESBL producers was investigated by random amplification of polymorphic DNA, typing by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR, analysis of resistance cotransferred with the ESBL, and analysis of the restriction profiles of the ESBL-encoding plasmids. Of the TEM-24-expressing strains, 18 were E. aerogenes isolates, including 9 from the same clinic, that were representatives of the epidemic clone disseminating in France. Of the TEM-21-producing strains that belonged to different species of the family Enterobacteriaceae (E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and P. mirabilis), 8 were isolated in the same nursing home. Outbreaks due to strain and/or plasmid dissemination in these clinic and nursing home were demonstrated. The presence of ESBL producers in five ambulatory patients probably resulted from nosocomial acquisition. Our data highlight the serious need to monitor patients for ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in general practice.

scholarly journals Mutation in ESBL Plasmid from Escherichia coli O104:H4 Leads Autoagglutination and Enhanced Plasmid Dissemination

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mickaël Poidevin ◽  
Mari Sato ◽  
Ipek Altinoglu ◽  
Manon Delaplace ◽  
Chikara Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Plasmid Dissemination

scholarly journals Interrelationships between dairy product intake, microflora metabolism, faecal properties and plasmid dissemination in gnotobiotic mice

2002 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie Maisonneuve ◽  
Marie-France Ouriet ◽  
Yvonne Duval-Iflah
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Plasmid Transfer ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Strictly Anaerobic ◽  
Total Inhibition ◽  
Gnotobiotic Mice ◽  
Plasmid Dissemination

We previously described the effects of intake of dairy products on plasmid dissemination in the digestive tract of gnotobiotic mice associated with human faecal flora (HFF) and found that yoghurt, heat-treated yoghurt (HTY) and milk reduced population levels of transconjugants compared with findings in mice fed a standard mouse diet. In the case of lactose intake, transconjugants were not detected. The aim of the present study was to assess the possible interrelationships between these observations and other variables (bacterial ecology, pH, moisture, enzyme activities, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) contents, lactic acid contents). Much of the interest of the present comparison lies in the fact that the animals were homogeneous in terms of age, gender, food and intestinal microflora, owing to the gnotobiotic mouse model maintained in sterile isolators. We observed no variation in SCFA and lactic acid contents or in the population levels of strictly anaerobic strains ofBacteroidesandBifidobacterium, and of the facultative anaerobic recipientEscherichia coliPG1 strain. The main modifications were the reduction of population levels of transconjugants in mice receiving yoghurt, HTY and milk, and concomitantly an increase of β-galactosidase and a decrease of β-glucosidase activities, compared with control mice fed a standard diet. Total inhibition of plasmid transfer was observed in HFF mice consuming lactose, and concomitantly the two enzyme activities (β-glucosidase and β-galactosidase) were increased, compared with the findings in control mice fed a standard diet. In axenic mice consuming lactose, plasmid transfer occurred, β-galactosidase was not detected and β-glucosidase was decreased. It is therefore proposed that these two enzyme activities influence plasmid transfer and persistence of transconjugants in the digestive tract of HFF associated mice. When both activities were increased there was a total inhibition of plasmid transfer (case of lactose intake). When β-galactosidase increased and β-glucosidase decreased (case of yoghurt, HTY and milk), plasmid transfer occurred at a lower efficiency than in the control group, resulting in lower population levels of transconjugants.

scholarly journals Antioxidant molecules as a source of mitigation of antibiotic resistance genes dissemination

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Manuel Ortiz de la Rosa ◽  
Patrice Nordmann ◽  
Laurent Poirel
Keyword(s):  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Donor Strain ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Plasmid Dissemination ◽  
Dna Synthesis Inhibitors ◽  
Plasmid Conjugation

Escherichia coli is the most commonly identified human pathogen, and a prominent microorganism of the gut microbiota. Acquired resistance to antibiotics in that species is mainly driven by horizontal gene transfer, and mainly by plasmid acquisition. The main concern nowadays corresponds to the acquisition of extended-spectrum ß-lactamases of the CTX-M-type in E. coli, a worldwide observed phenomenon. Plasmids encoding CTX-M enzymes are of different scaffolds, and conjugate at different frequencies. Here we showed that the conjugation rates of several plasmid types encoding broad-spectrum ß-lactamases are increased when the E. coli donor strain is exposed to sub-inhibitory concentrations of diverse orally-given antibiotics, including fluoroquinolones such as ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, but also trimethoprim, and nitrofurantoin. This study provided insights into underlying mechanisms leading to increase plasmid conjugation frequency in relation with DNA synthesis inhibitors-type antibiotics, involving reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and probably increased expression of genes involved in the SOS response. Furthermore, we showed that some antioxidant molecules currently approved for unrelated clinical uses such as edaravone, p-Coumaric acid and N-acetylcysteine may antagonize the inducibility effect of antibiotics in term of increased plasmid conjugation rates. These results suggest that several antioxidative molecules might be used in combination with those “inducer” antibiotics to mitigate the unwanted increased resistance plasmid dissemination.

scholarly journals Mode and dynamics of vanA-type vancomycin resistance dissemination in Dutch hospitals

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Arredondo-Alonso ◽  
Janetta Top ◽  
Jukka Corander ◽  
Rob J. L. Willems ◽  
Anita C. Schürch
Keyword(s):  
Gene Cluster ◽  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Vancomycin Resistance ◽  
Priority List ◽  
Genomic Epidemiology ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Global Priority ◽  
Clonal Spread ◽  
Plasmid Dissemination ◽  
Epidemiological Link

Abstract Background Enterococcus faecium is a commensal of the gastrointestinal tract of animals and humans but also a causative agent of hospital-acquired infections. Resistance against glycopeptides and to vancomycin has motivated the inclusion of E. faecium in the WHO global priority list. Vancomycin resistance can be conferred by the vanA gene cluster on the transposon Tn1546, which is frequently present in plasmids. The vanA gene cluster can be disseminated clonally but also horizontally either by plasmid dissemination or by Tn1546 transposition between different genomic locations. Methods We performed a retrospective study of the genomic epidemiology of 309 vancomycin-resistant E. faecium (VRE) isolates across 32 Dutch hospitals (2012–2015). Genomic information regarding clonality and Tn1546 characterization was extracted using hierBAPS sequence clusters (SC) and TETyper, respectively. Plasmids were predicted using gplas in combination with a network approach based on shared k-mer content. Next, we conducted a pairwise comparison between isolates sharing a potential epidemiological link to elucidate whether clonal, plasmid, or Tn1546 spread accounted for vanA-type resistance dissemination. Results On average, we estimated that 59% of VRE cases with a potential epidemiological link were unrelated which was defined as VRE pairs with a distinct Tn1546 variant. Clonal dissemination accounted for 32% cases in which the same SC and Tn1546 variants were identified. Horizontal plasmid dissemination accounted for 7% of VRE cases, in which we observed VRE pairs belonging to a distinct SC but carrying an identical plasmid and Tn1546 variant. In 2% of cases, we observed the same Tn1546 variant in distinct SC and plasmid types which could be explained by mixed and consecutive events of clonal and plasmid dissemination. Conclusions In related VRE cases, the dissemination of the vanA gene cluster in Dutch hospitals between 2012 and 2015 was dominated by clonal spread. However, we also identified outbreak settings with high frequencies of plasmid dissemination in which the spread of resistance was mainly driven by horizontal gene transfer (HGT). This study demonstrates the feasibility of distinguishing between modes of dissemination with short-read data and provides a novel assessment to estimate the relative contribution of nested genomic elements in the dissemination of vanA-type resistance.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Conjugative Plasmid-Mediated AmpC β-Lactamases in the United States

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 533-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Alvarez ◽  
J. H. Tran ◽  
N. Chow ◽  
G. A. Jacoby
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
The United States ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Conjugative Plasmid ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Plasmid Analysis ◽  
Plasmid Dissemination

ABSTRACT A sample of 752 resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Escherichia coli strains from 70 sites in 25 U.S. states and the District of Columbia was examined for transmissibility of resistance to ceftazidime and the nature of the plasmid-mediated β-lactamase involved. Fifty-nine percent of the K. pneumoniae, 24% of the K. oxytoca, and 44% of the E. coli isolates transferred resistance to ceftazidime. Plasmids encoding AmpC-type β-lactamase were found in 8.5% of the K. pneumoniae samples, 6.9% of the K. oxytoca samples, and 4% of the E. coli samples, at 20 of the 70 sites and in 10 of the 25 states. ACT-1 β-lactamase was found at eight sites, four of which were near New York City, where the ACT-1 enzyme was first discovered; ACT-1 β-lactamase was also found in Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. FOX-5 β-lactamase was also found at eight sites, mainly in southeastern states but also in New York. Two E. coli strains produced CMY-2, and one K. pneumoniae strain produced DHA-1 β-lactamase. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and plasmid analysis suggested that AmpC-mediated resistance spread both by strain and plasmid dissemination. All AmpC β-lactamase-containing isolates were resistant to cefoxitin, but so were 11% of strains containing transmissible SHV- and TEM-type extended-spectrum β-lactamases. A β-lactamase inhibitor test was helpful in distinguishing the two types of resistance but was not definitive since 24% of clinical isolates producing AmpC β-lactamase had a positive response to clavulanic acid. Coexistence of AmpC and extended-spectrum β-lactamases was the main reason for these discrepancies. Plasmid-mediated AmpC-type enzymes are thus responsible for an appreciable fraction of resistance in clinical isolates of Klebsiella spp. and E. coli, are disseminated around the United States, and are not so easily distinguished from other enzymes that mediate resistance to oxyimino-β-lactams.

scholarly journals Mode and dynamics of vanA-type vancomycin-resistance dissemination in Dutch hospitals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Arredondo-Alonso ◽  
Janetta Top ◽  
Jukka Corander ◽  
Rob J.L. Willems ◽  
Anita C. Sch&uumlrch
Keyword(s):  
Gene Cluster ◽  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Vancomycin Resistance ◽  
Priority List ◽  
Genomic Epidemiology ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Global Priority ◽  
Clonal Spread ◽  
Plasmid Dissemination

Background: Enterococcus faecium is a commensal of the gastrointestinal tract of animals and humans but also a causative agent of hospital-acquired infections. Resistance against glycopeptides and especially to vancomycin, a first-line antibiotic to treat infections with multidrug-resistant Gram-positive pathogens, has motivated the inclusion of E. faecium in the WHO global priority list. Vancomycin resistance can be conferred by the vanA gene cluster on the transposon Tn1546, which is frequently present in plasmids. The vanA gene cluster can be disseminated clonally but also horizontally either by plasmid dissemination or Tn1546 transposition between different genomic locations. Here, we reconstructed all nested genetic elements (clone, plasmid,transposon) to study how the dissemination of vanA-type vancomycin-resistance occurred in Dutch hospitals (2012-2015). Methods: We performed a retrospective study of the genomic epidemiology of 309 vancomycin-resistant E. faecium (VRE) isolates across 32 Dutch hospitals (2012-2015). Genomic information regarding clonality and Tn1546 characterisation was extracted using hierBAPS sequence clusters (SC) and TETyper, respectively. Plasmids were predicted using gplas in combination with a network approach based on shared k-mer content. This allowed determining all nested genomic elements (clone, plasmid and transposon) involved in the dissemination of the vanA gene cluster. Next, we conducted an "all vs. all" pairwise comparison between isolates sharing a potential epidemiological link to elucidate whether clonal, plasmid or Tn1546 spread accounted for the dissemination of vanA resistance. Results: The 309 VRE isolates belonged to 18 different SCs of which SC13 (n = 102, 33%), SC17 (n = 52,16.8%) and SC18 (n = 42, 13.6%) were predominant. We identified seven different plasmid types bearing the vanA gene cluster, four of which were highly similar (identity ~99%, coverage ~84%) to previously described complete plasmid sequences. We estimated that clonal dissemination contributed most (~45%) to the spread of vancomycin-resistance in Dutch hospitals, followed by Tn1546 mobilisation (~12%) and plasmid dissemination (~6%). Conclusions: The dissemination of the vanA gene cluster in Dutch hospitals between 2012 and 2015 was dominated by clonal spread. However, we also identified outbreak settings with high frequencies of Tn1546 transposition and/or plasmid dissemination in which the spread of resistance was mainly driven by horizontal gene transfer (HGT). This study demonstrates the feasibility of distinguishing between modes of dissemination with short-read data and provides one of the first quantitative assessments to estimate the relative contribution of nested genomic elements in the dissemination of vanA-type vancomycin-resistance cluster.

Plasmids Spread Very Fast in Heterogeneous Bacterial Communities

Genetics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 162 (4) ◽  
pp. 1525-1532
Author(s):  
Francisco Dionisio ◽  
Ivan Matic ◽  
Miroslav Radman ◽  
Olivia R Rodrigues ◽  
François Taddei
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Conjugative Plasmid ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Conjugative Plasmids ◽  
Plasmid R1 ◽  
R1 Plasmid ◽  
Plasmid Dissemination

Abstract Conjugative plasmids can mediate gene transfer between bacterial taxa in diverse environments. The ability to donate the F-type conjugative plasmid R1 greatly varies among enteric bacteria due to the interaction of the system that represses sex-pili formations (products of finOP) of plasmids already harbored by a bacterial strain with those of the R1 plasmid. The presence of efficient donors in heterogeneous bacterial populations can accelerate plasmid transfer and can spread by several orders of magnitude. Such donors allow millions of other bacteria to acquire the plasmid in a matter of days whereas, in the absence of such strains, plasmid dissemination would take years. This “amplification effect” could have an impact on the evolution of bacterial pathogens that exist in heterogeneous bacterial communities because conjugative plasmids can carry virulence or antibiotic-resistance genes.

scholarly journals Meta-analysis of Pandemic Escherichia coli ST131 Plasmidome Proves Restricted Plasmid-clade Associations

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kira Kondratyeva ◽  
Mali Salmon-Divon ◽  
Shiri Navon-Venezia
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Narrow Host Range ◽  
Plasmid Dissemination ◽  
First Time

AbstractExtraintestinal multidrug resistant Escherichia coli sequence type (ST) 131 is a worldwide pandemic pathogen and a major cause of urinary tract and bloodstream infections. The role of this pandemic lineage in multidrug resistance plasmid dissemination is still scarce. We herein performed a meta-analysis on E. coli ST131 whole-genome sequence (WGS) databases to unravel ST131 plasmidome and specifically to decipher CTX-M encoding plasmids-clade associations. We mined 880 ST131 WGS data and proved that CTX-M-27-encoding IncF[F1:A2:B20] (Group1) plasmids are strictly found in clade C1, whereas CTX-M-15-encoding IncF[F2:A1:B-] (Group2) plasmids exist only in clade C2 suggesting strong plasmid-clade adaptations. Specific Col-like replicons (Col156, Col(MG828), and Col8282) were also found to be clade C1-associated. BLAST-based search revealed that Group1 and Group2 plasmids are narrow-host-range and restricted to E.coli. Among a collection of 20 newly sequenced Israeli ST131 CTX-M-encoding plasmids (2003–2016), Group1 and Group2 plasmids were dominant and associated with the expected clades. We found, for the first time in ST131, a CTX-M-15-encoding phage-like plasmid group (Group3) and followed its spread in the WGS data. This study offers a comprehensive way to decipher plasmid-bacterium associations and demonstrates that the CTX-M-encoding ST131 Group1 and Group2 plasmids are clade-restricted and presumably less transmissible, potentially contributing to ST131 clonal superiority.

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