Understanding the past: Investigating the role of availability, outcome, and hindsight bias and close calls in visual pilots' weather‐related decision making

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1124-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Walmsley ◽  
Andrew Gilbey
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Hindsight Bias ◽  
The Past

The Plight of the Orang Asli Women in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
pp. 214-226
Author(s):  
Rachel Thomas Tharmabalan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
General Public ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Orang Asli ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Village ◽  
Wild Edibles

In the past, Orang Asli women and men were considered equal, even though their roles were very different. As modernization slowly crept into their lifestyles, the gender divide has gotten a lot bigger and the paternalistic culture has taken a hold of many. Some researchers have said the skewed depictions was influenced by both Christianity and Islam, whereby women were considered to be created by supernatural powers alongside the male species. However, there have been accounts of women being the village chief, but as more anthropologists targeted their research on the Orang Asli, the role of a women in the decision making process slowly got relegated. Hence, this review aims to provide the role of Orang Asli women in educating the general public on the usage of wild edibles found in Malaysia and how it could be incorporated into street food to preserve traditional dietary culture. Some of the key challenges, plans, and practical applications are discussed to improve rural development and prepare a holistic mediation guideline to buffer the health and safety of the population.

The role of mobile devices in 21st-century family communication

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon L. Storch ◽  
Anna V. Ortiz Juarez-Paz
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Family Communication ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Theory Analysis ◽  
The Past

Use of media devices has evolved over the past 10–15 years and the resulting effects on family communication are of interest for this study. Through 26 semi-structured interviews, the authors sought to understand the role mobile devices play in family communication. Qualitative grounded theory analysis was used to find themes and interpret results (Creswell, 2013). One overarching paradoxical theme emerged from these data, family connect–family disconnect. In family connect, categories of across distance, reassurances, and boundaries are shared. Within family disconnect, distractions, misunderstandings, and negative emotional responses are conveyed. Future research avenues recommended are decision making related to mobile devices based on values and morals, in-depth social media and app usage, emoji emotional responses, individuals under 18 and between 18 and 30 years old, and a network analysis of one extended family.

scholarly journals Demanding stories: television coverage of sustainability, climate change and material demand

2017 ◽  
Vol 375 (2095) ◽  
pp. 20160375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe Smith
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Future Role ◽  
The Past ◽  
Demand Reduction ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Television Coverage

This paper explores the past, present and future role of broadcasting, above all via the medium of television, in shaping how societies talk, think about and act on climate change and sustainability issues. The paper explores these broad themes via a focus on the important but relatively neglected issue of material demand and opportunities for its reduction. It takes the outputs and decision-making of one of the world's most influential broadcasters, the BBC, as its primary focus. The paper considers these themes in terms of stories, touching on some of the broader societal frames of understanding into which they can be grouped. Media decision-makers and producers from a range of genres frequently return to the centrality of ‘story’ in the development, commissioning and production of an idea. With reference to specific examples of programming, and drawing on interviews with media practitioners, the paper considers the challenges of generating broadcast stories that can inspire engagement in issues around climate change, and specifically material demand. The concluding section proposes actions and approaches that might help to establish material demand reduction as a prominent way of thinking about climate change and environmental issues more widely. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Material demand reduction’.

Concentration of Decision-Making Power: Investigating the Role of the Norwegian Cabinet Subcommittee

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristoffer Kolltveit
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Chief Executives ◽  
Party Leaders ◽  
Parliamentary Democracies ◽  
The Past

AbstractThe empowerment of chief executives has been apparent in several parliamentary democracies in recent decades. However, few accounts have been produced of developments in recent Norwegian cabinets. The aim of this article is two-fold. First, changes regarding the concentration of decision-making power in Norwegian cabinets in the past 15 years are examined and, second, how political factors have contributed to the concentration of power is also examined. Drawing on interviews with 19 ministers from the Bondevik II and Stoltenberg II cabinets, the article finds that collegial elements of cabinets have been weakened, and there has been a centralization of power around an inner cabinet, the so-called subcommittee, consisting of the prime minister and the party leaders. The article also shows how political distances between coalition parties and the cabinet’s parliamentary basis have affected the concentration of power.

scholarly journals Oral Health Inequalities and the Corporate Determinants of Health: A Commentary

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6529
Author(s):  
Lisa Jamieson ◽  
Barry Gibson ◽  
W. Murray Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Leverage Points ◽  
The Past ◽  
Critical Commentary

Empirical research critically examining the role of the corporate determinants of health has gained traction in the past few years. Many of these reports have received strong, sometimes litigious, backlash from the corporations exposed. The aim of this paper is to provide a critical commentary on existing literature, policies, procedures and observations of issues, especially regarding the use of the corporate determinants of health as a research construct, in the persistence and flourishing of oral health inequalities at a global level. We discuss theoretical frameworks that underpin the power constructs of the corporate determinants of health, including Lukes “three faces of power” theory. This theory posits that power is exercised in three ways: through decision-making, through non-decision-making and ideologically. We will demonstrate, using examples of corporate determinants of health and oral health inequalities from several countries, how intervening at key leverage points is a crucial strategy for improving oral health inequalities at a global level.

scholarly journals Shall I Show My Emotions? The Effects of Facial Expressions in the Ultimatum Game

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Sara Ferracci ◽  
Felice Giuliani ◽  
Alfredo Brancucci ◽  
Davide Pietroni
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Ultimatum Game ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
The Past ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Interpersonal Emotions ◽  
Decision Making Processes

Over the past fifteen years, research has demonstrated the central role of interpersonal emotions in communicating intentions, goals and desires. These emotions can be conveyed through facial expressions during specific social interactions, such as in the context of coordination between economic agents, where information inferred from them can influence certain decision-making processes. We investigated whether four facial expressions (happiness, neutral, angry and disgusted) can affect decision-making in the Ultimatum Game (UG). In this economic game, one player (proposer) plays the first move and proposes how to allocate a given amount of money in an anonymous one-shot interaction. If the other player (responder) accepts the proposal, each player receives the allocated amount of money; if he/she rejects the offer, both players receive nothing. During the task, participants acted as the responder (Experiment 1) or the proposer (Experiment 2) while seeing the opponent’s facial expression. For the responders, the results show that the decision was mainly driven by the fairness of the offer, with a small main effect of emotion. No interaction effect was found between emotion and offer. For the proposers, the results show that participants modulated their offers on the basis of the responders’ expressed emotions. The most generous/fair offers were proposed to happy responders. Less generous/fair offers were proposed to neutral responders. Finally, the least generous/fair offers were proposed to angry and disgusted responders.

Time-Bounded Decision Making

2020 ◽  
pp. 187-208
Author(s):  
Ali Intezari ◽  
David J. Pauleen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Knowledge Management ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future

How to manage uncertain and unpredictable situations has been a major challenge facing managers and academics for decades. The development of practice and theory in knowledge management has been one important response. This chapter, however, argues that knowledge and knowledge management may not be sufficient when dealing with emergent and unforeseen situations as knowledge tends to be past-oriented in terms of its formative components, while emergent situations are future-oriented, which may or may not be rooted in the past. Therefore, authors explore this past-present-future conundrum by explaining how mere reliance on the past may restrict organizations' ability to deal with emergent situations in the future. Finally, the role of innovation and wisdom will be introduced as a bridge connecting current past-oriented knowledge to unknown and unpredictable future-oriented events.

Agricultural Planning and Pricing in the Post-Mao Period

1988 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 671-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Sicular
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Economic Instruments ◽  
State Planning ◽  
The Past ◽  
Agricultural Planning ◽  
Economic Decision Making ◽  
Government Work ◽  
People's Congress

During the past decade China's leaders have called repeatedly for reductions in administrative interventions in the economy, for greater reliance on economic “levers,” for decentralization of economic decision-making, and for an increased role of markets. Although the need for liberalization is fairly widely accepted, debate over how far and how fast to proceed has continued. One view initially proposed by Chen Yun sees China moving towards a system where a “planned economy is primary, and markets are supplementary” (jihua jingji wei zhu, shichang tiaojie wei bu). Others advocate moving beyond Chen Yun's vision to a system where, in fact if not in name, allocation takes place primarily through markets. Li Peng's government work report to the first session of the Seventh National People's Congress suggests that the current consensus leans towards the latter, more progressive view:The focus of reform of the planning system is to transform the function of state planning organs, gradually reduce mandatory planning and expand guidance planning, … use economic instruments, and gradually establish a new economic mechanism where “the state regulates markets, and markets guide enterprises” (guojia tiaojie shichang, shichang yindao qiye).

The Past-Present-Future Conundrum

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Intezari ◽  
David J. Pauleen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Business Decisions ◽  
Integrative Framework ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future

This paper extends the Knowledge Management-discipline's understanding of knowledge. By including the concept of time, this extended conceptualization of knowledge could make knowledge management and decision making more responsive to the complexity found in organizational and social environments. The authors suggest that knowledge tends to be past-oriented in terms of its formative components, while emergent situations are future-oriented, which may or may not have roots in the past. In this article, the authors explore this past-present-future conundrum by explaining how reliance on the past may restrict an organization's ability to deal with emergent situations in the future. The role of wisdom will be introduced as a bridge connecting current past-oriented knowledge to unknown and unpredictable future-oriented events. The paper concludes that handling complex business decisions requires wisdom and that knowledge management and information systems must be designed and developed to support decisions by providing an integrative framework of analytics and insight.

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