Body Fat Percentage, Waist Circumference, and Obesity As Risk Factors for Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Danish Cohort Study

Abstract Background Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is associated with multiple risk factors but determining causality is difficult. We used a genetic approach [Mendelian randomization (MR)] to identify potential causal modifiable risk factors for GORD. Methods We used data from 451 097 European participants in the UK Biobank and defined GORD using hospital-defined ICD10 and OPCS4 codes and self-report data (N = 41 024 GORD cases). We tested observational and MR-based associations between GORD and four adiposity measures [body mass index (BMI), waist–hip ratio (WHR), a metabolically favourable higher body-fat percentage and waist circumference], smoking status, smoking frequency and caffeine consumption. Results Observationally, all adiposity measures were associated with higher odds of GORD. Ever and current smoking were associated with higher odds of GORD. Coffee consumption was associated with lower odds of GORD but, among coffee drinkers, more caffeinated-coffee consumption was associated with higher odds of GORD. Using MR, we provide strong evidence that higher WHR and higher WHR adjusted for BMI lead to GORD. There was weak evidence that higher BMI, body-fat percentage, coffee drinking or smoking caused GORD, but only the observational effects for BMI and body-fat percentage could be excluded. This MR estimated effect for WHR equates to a 1.23-fold higher odds of GORD per 5-cm increase in waist circumference. Conclusions These results provide strong evidence that a higher waist–hip ratio leads to GORD. Our study suggests that central fat distribution is crucial in causing GORD rather than overall weight.

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Optimal Body Fat Percentage Cut-Off Values in Predicting the Obesity-Related Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Cross-Sectional Cohort Study

Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity Targets and Therapy ◽

10.2147/dmso.s248444 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol Volume 13 ◽

pp. 1587-1597 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Pawel Macek ◽

Malgorzata Biskup ◽

Malgorzata Terek-Derszniak ◽

Michal Stachura ◽

Halina Krol ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Body Fat ◽

Body Fat Percentage ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Cross Sectional

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Anthropometric measures and the risk of developing atrial fibrillation: a Swedish Cohort Study

BMC Cardiovascular Disorders ◽

10.1186/s12872-021-02415-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Isac Zia ◽

Linda Johnson ◽

Ensieh Memarian ◽

Yan Borné ◽

Gunnar Engström

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Body Fat ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Body Fat Percentage ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Height Ratio ◽

Anthropometric Measures ◽

Waist Height Ratio

Abstract Aims Obesity is a risk factor for several cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including atrial fibrillation (AF). However, it is less clear whether overall fat or abdominal fat distribution are most important for risk of developing AF. This study investigates how different anthropometric measures correlate to the risk of developing clinical AF in the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort (MDC-cohort). Methods The MDC-cohort (n = 25,961) was examined in 1991–1996. The endpoint was clinical AF diagnosed in a hospital setting, and retrieved via linkage with national registers. Hazard Ratios (HR) for incident AF was calculated in relation to quartiles of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist hip ratio, waist height ratio, body fat percentage, weight and height, using Cox regression with adjustment for age, biological (e.g. blood pressure, diabetes, blood lipid levels), and socioeconomic risk factors. Results After adjustment for multiple risk factors, the risk of AF was significantly increased in the 4th versus 1st quartile of weight (HR for men/women = 2.02/1.93), BMI (HR = 1.62/1.52), waist circumference (HR = 1.67/1.63), waist to hip ratio (HR = 1.30/1.24), waist to height ratio (1.37/1.39) and body fat percentage (HR = 1.21/1.45) in men/women. Measures of overall weight (BMI, weight) were slightly more predictive than measures of abdominal obesity (waist hip ratio and waist height ratio) both in men and women. Conclusion All measures of obesity were associated with increased risk of developing AF. Both overall obesity and abdominal obesity were related to incidence of AF in this population-based study, although the relationship for overall obesity was stronger.

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Trends in obesity and adiposity measures by race or ethnicity among adults in the United States 2011-18: population based study

BMJ ◽

10.1136/bmj.n365 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. n365

Author(s):

Buyun Liu ◽

Yang Du ◽

Yuxiao Wu ◽

Linda G Snetselaar ◽

Robert B Wallace ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Ethnic Groups ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Lean Mass ◽

The United States ◽

Population Based ◽

Body Fat Percentage ◽

Fat Percentage

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the trends in obesity and adiposity measures, including body mass index, waist circumference, body fat percentage, and lean mass, by race or ethnicity among adults in the United States from 2011 to 2018.DesignPopulation based study.SettingNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2011-18.ParticipantsA nationally representative sample of US adults aged 20 years or older.Main outcome measuresWeight, height, and waist circumference among adults aged 20 years or older were measured by trained technicians using standardized protocols. Obesity was defined as body mass index of 30 or higher for non-Asians and 27.5 or higher for Asians. Abdominal obesity was defined as a waist circumference of 102 cm or larger for men and 88 cm or larger for women. Body fat percentage and lean mass were measured among adults aged 20-59 years by using dual energy x ray absorptiometry.ResultsThis study included 21 399 adults from NHANES 2011-18. Body mass index was measured for 21 093 adults, waist circumference for 20 080 adults, and body fat percentage for 10 864 adults. For the overall population, age adjusted prevalence of general obesity increased from 35.4% (95% confidence interval 32.5% to 38.3%) in 2011-12 to 43.4% (39.8% to 47.0%) in 2017-18 (P for trend<0.001), and age adjusted prevalence of abdominal obesity increased from 54.5% (51.2% to 57.8%) in 2011-12 to 59.1% (55.6% to 62.7%) in 2017-18 (P for trend=0.02). Age adjusted mean body mass index increased from 28.7 (28.2 to 29.1) in 2011-12 to 29.8 (29.2 to 30.4) in 2017-18 (P for trend=0.001), and age adjusted mean waist circumference increased from 98.4 cm (97.4 to 99.5 cm) in 2011-12 to 100.5 cm (98.9 to 102.1 cm) in 2017-18 (P for trend=0.01). Significant increases were observed in body mass index and waist circumference among the Hispanic, non-Hispanic white, and non-Hispanic Asian groups (all P for trend<0.05), but not for the non-Hispanic black group. For body fat percentage, a significant increase was observed among non-Hispanic Asians (30.6%, 29.8% to 31.4% in 2011-12; 32.7%, 32.0% to 33.4% in 2017-18; P for trend=0.001), but not among other racial or ethnic groups. The age adjusted mean lean mass decreased in the non-Hispanic black group and increased in the non-Hispanic Asian group, but no statistically significant changes were found in other racial or ethnic groups.ConclusionsAmong US adults, an increasing trend was found in obesity and adiposity measures from 2011 to 2018, although disparities exist among racial or ethnic groups.

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Early Risk Factors for Obesity in the First 1000 Days—Relationship with Body Fat and BMI at 2 Years

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18158179 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (15) ◽

pp. 8179

Author(s):

Mercedes Díaz-Rodríguez ◽

Celia Pérez-Muñoz ◽

Jesús Carretero-Bravo ◽

Catalina Ruíz-Ruíz ◽

Manuel Serrano-Santamaría ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Body Fat ◽

Early Pregnancy ◽

Body Fat Percentage ◽

Z Score ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Early Risk ◽

Early Risk Factors ◽

Increased Risk

(1) Background: Obesity is defined as an excessive accumulation of body fat. Several early developmental factors have been identified which are associated with an increased risk of childhood obesity and increased adiposity in childhood. The primary objective of the present study is to analyse the effect of various early risk factors on Body Mass Index (BMI) and body fat percentage at 2 years of age. (2) Methods: A prospective cohort study design was used, with the sample consisting of 109 mother-child pairs from whom data were collected between early pregnancy and 2 years old. Adiposity was determined based on skinfold measurements using the Brooks and Siri formulae. Mean comparison tests (Student’s t-test and ANOVAs) and multiple linear regression models were used to analyse the relationship between early programming factors and dependent variables. (3) Results: Maternal excess weight during early pregnancy (β = 0.203, p = 0.026), gestational smoking (β = 0.192, p = 0.036), and accelerated weight gain in the first 2 years (β = − 0.269, p = 0.004) were significantly associated with high body fat percentage. Pre-pregnancy BMI and accelerated weight gain in the first 2 years were associated with high BMI z-score (β = 0.174, p = 0.047 and β = 0.417, p = 0.000 respectively). The cumulative effect of these variables resulted in high values compared to the baseline zero-factor group, with significant differences in BMI z-score (F = 8.640, p = 0.000) and body fat percentage (F = 5.402, p = 0.002) when three factors were present. (4) Conclusions: The presence of several early risk factors related to obesity in infancy was significantly associated with higher BMI z-score and body fat percentage at 2 years of age. The presence of more than one of these variables was also associated with higher adiposity at 2 years of age. Early prevention strategies should address as many of these factors as possible.

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Body mass index and waist circumference are better predictors of insulin resistance than total body fat percentage in middle-aged and elderly Taiwanese

Medicine ◽

10.1097/md.0000000000008126 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 96 (39) ◽

pp. e8126 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Yiu-Hua Cheng ◽

Yu-Chung Tsao ◽

I-Shiang Tzeng ◽

Hai-Hua Chuang ◽

Wen-Cheng Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Body Fat Percentage ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Total Body Fat ◽

Total Body

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The Influence of Age, Sex and Body Mass Index on the Effectiveness of Brisk Walking for Obesity Management in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.2016-0064 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 389-407 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Leon Mabire ◽

Ramakrishnan Mani ◽

Lizhou Liu ◽

Hilda Mulligan ◽

David Baxter

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Weight ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Body Fat Percentage ◽

Brisk Walking ◽

Obesity Management ◽

Fat Percentage

Background:Brisk walking is the most popular activity for obesity management for adults. We aimed to identify whether participant age, sex and body mass index (BMI) influenced the effectiveness of brisk walking.Methods:A search of 9 databases was conducted for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Two investigators selected RCTs reporting on change in body weight, BMI, waist circumference, fat mass, fat-free mass, and body fat percentage following a brisk walking intervention in obese adults.Results:Of the 5072 studies screened, 22 met the eligibility criteria. The pooled mean differences were: weight loss, –2.13 kg; BMI, –0.96 kg/m2; waist circumference, –2.83 cm; fat mass, –2.59 kg; fat-free mass, 0.29 kg; and body fat percentage, –1.38%. Meta-regression of baseline BMI showed no effect on changes.Conclusions:Brisk walking can create a clinically significant reduction in body weight, BMI, waist circumference, and fat mass for obese men and women aged under 50 years. Obese women aged over 50 years can achieve modest losses, but gains in fat-free mass reduce overall change in body weight. Further research is required for men aged over 50 years and on the influence of BMI for all ages and sexes.

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Body Fat Percentage, Waist Circumference and Body Mass Index are Correlated with Nitric Oxide Levels in Young Adults with Central Obesity

Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences ◽

10.21705/mcbs.v5i1.165 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Feriyandi Nauli ◽

Nurhasanah Nurhasanah ◽

Endang Mahati ◽

Udin Bahrudin

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Young Adults ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Central Obesity ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Body Fat Percentage ◽

Fat Percentage

Background: Central obesity stands for the corner-stone of cardio-metabolic health, while nitric oxide (NO) is a major regulator of cardiovascular function. To day, the correlation between serum NO metabolites nitrate/nitrite and the obesity components in young adults remains elusive. Thus, this current study was conducted to know the correlation between serum NO metabolites levels and body fat percentage, waist circumference (WC) as well as body mass index (BMI) in young adults with central obesity.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Riau, Indonesia, involving 79 young adults aged 18-25 years, composing of 39 and 40 subjects with and without central obesity, respectively. Anthropometric measurements were performed to assess WC and BMI. Body fat percentage was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis and serum NO metabolites levels were assessed using Griess methods.Results: Levels of serum NO metabolites were significant higher in the subjects with central obesity (168.41±12.64 μmol/L) than that of normal subjects (70.57±44.99 μmol/L, p<0.001), but the levels were no significant different between male and female subjects. Serum NO metabolites levels were strongly correlated with total body fat (r=0.618, p<0.001), visceral fat (r=0.733, p<0.001), subcutaneous fat (r=0.547, p<0.001), WC (r=0.717, p<0.001) and BMI (r=0.788, p<0.001).Conclusions: For young adults in Riau, Indonesia, levels of serum NO metabolites are higher in the central obesity group than that of the normal. In this population, body fat percentage, waist circumference and body mass index are correlated with serum nitric oxide metabolites levels.Keywords: nitric oxide, body fat percentage, young adults, central obesity

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PO-236 Associations between sleep quality of college students and different measures of obesity: A cross-sectional study

Exercise Biochemistry Review ◽

10.14428/ebr.v1i5.10653 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Guangyu Wang ◽

Mei Zhen Zhang

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Body Fat ◽

Positive Association ◽

Female Students ◽

Male Students ◽

Body Fat Percentage ◽

Fat Percentage

Objective The majority studies focused on obesity prevention on physical activity and eating behavior. However, epidemiological studies have shown that sleep duration and sleep quality could be an adjustable risk factor for obesity. The aim of this study was to examine the associations of sleep quality with different measurement of obesity in Chinese university students. Methods A total of 481 college students aged 18-25 years volunteered to participate in this study. Sleep quality was assessed by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index （PSQI）questionnaire. International Physical Activity Questionnaire （IPAQ）was used to determine the physical activity, Psychological status was assessed by Self-Rating Depression Scale （SDS） and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS). Body height, weight and waist circumference are measured by a trained researcher. Body composition was evaluated by a bio-impedance device (InBody 230, South Korea). Independent sample t test was applied to compare the sleep characteristics, physical activity, obesity, depression and anxiety in different gender students. The associations among the dependent variables BMI, body fat percentage, and the independent variables age, sleep quality and sleep durations was examined using Multiple linear regression models. SPSS 22.0 (IMB SPSS Inc) was used for all statistical. Results The BMI (22.9±3.4 vs 21.6±3.2, p＜0.001) of male students were significantly higher than that of female, but the percentage of body fat (18.7±6.9 vs 29.7±7.0, p＜0.001) was lower than that of female. We observed a positive association between sleep quality and body fat percentage (β = 0.166, P = 0.037), and a negative association with age (β = -0.166, P = 0.008) in female students. Sleep quality was associated positively with BMI (β = 0.360, P＜0.001), body fat percentage (β = 0.260, P＜0.001), and age (β = 0.215, P＜0.001) in male students; An inverse correlation between sleep duration and BMI (β = -0.141, P = 0.015), body fat percentage (β = -0.134, P = 0.022) was found, and a positive relationship with anxiety scores (β = 0.331, P＜0.001) in male students. while an inverse relationship was found with WHR (β = -0.236, P = 0.001), waist circumference (β = -0.169, P = 0.007), and a positive association between sleep duration with anxiety scores (β = 0.331, P＜0.001) and depression scores (β = 0.415, P＜0.001) in female students. Conclusions The obesity of male and female students goes up with the increase of total score of sleep quality, anxiety and depression, and goes down with the increase of sleep duration, physical activity time and energy consumption. Male obesity increases with age, but female obesity decreases with age. Among the importance of males' sleep duration and sleep quality in the obesity risk assessment, BMI and body fat percentages are more accurate, while for females, BMI and waist circumference is of no statistical significance.

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