Degradation studies during water absorption, aerobic biodegradation, and soil burial of biobased thermoplastic starch from agricultural waste/polypropylene blends

2013 ◽  
Vol 129 (6) ◽  
pp. 3656-3664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Meng Pang ◽  
Meng-Yan Pun ◽  
Zainal Arifin Mohd. Ishak
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Aerobic Biodegradation ◽  
Soil Burial ◽  
Degradation Studies ◽  
Polypropylene Blends ◽  
Waste Polypropylene

Natural weathering studies of biobased thermoplastic starch from agricultural waste/polypropylene blends

2013 ◽  
Vol 129 (6) ◽  
pp. 3237-3246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Meng Pang ◽  
Meng-Yan Pun ◽  
Zainal Arifin Mohd. Ishak
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Natural Weathering ◽  
Polypropylene Blends ◽  
Waste Polypropylene

Thermal, mechanical, and morphological characterization of biobased thermoplastic starch from agricultural waste/polypropylene blends

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 1357-1365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Meng Pang ◽  
Meng Yan Pun ◽  
Zainal Arifin Mohd. Ishak
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Polypropylene Blends ◽  
Waste Polypropylene

scholarly journals Ecofriendly Preparation and Characterization of a Cassava Starch/Polybutylene Adipate Terephthalate Film

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 329
Author(s):  
Tan Yi ◽  
Minghui Qi ◽  
Qi Mo ◽  
Lijie Huang ◽  
Hanyu Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Composite Film ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Nano Zno

Composite films of polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) were prepared by adding thermoplastic starch (TPS) (TPS/PBAT) and nano-zinc oxide (nano-ZnO) (TPS/PBAT/nano-ZnO). The changes of surface morphology, thermal properties, crystal types and functional groups of starch during plasticization were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, synchronous thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectrometry, mechanical property tests, and contact Angle and transmittance tests. The relationship between the addition of TPS and the tensile strength, transmittance, contact angle, water absorption, and water vapor barrier of the composite film, and the influence of nano-ZnO on the mechanical properties and contact angle of the 10% TPS/PBAT composite film. Experimental results show that, after plasticizing, the crystalline form of starch changed from A-type to V-type, the functional group changed and the lipophilicity increased; the increase of TPS content, the light transmittance and mechanical properties of the composite membrane decreased, while the water vapor transmittance and water absorption increased. The mechanical properties of the composite can be significantly improved by adding nano-ZnO at a lower concentration (optimum content is 1 wt%).

Composite paper from an agricultural waste of bagasse sugarcane and pineapple leaf fibre: a novel random and multilayer hybrid fibre reinforced composite paper

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Salleh ◽  
Rohah A. Majid ◽  
Wira Jazair Yahya ◽  
Hasannuddin Abd Kadir ◽  
Arif Fahim Ezzat Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Composite ◽  
Fibre Composite ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Fibre Strength ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Soil Burial ◽  
Hybrid Fibre ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Hybrid Fibre Composite ◽  
Composite Paper

Abstract Bagasse sugarcane (BSC) has low fibre strength due to low cellulose content. Hence, by adding a strong secondary fibre that is high in cellulose such as pineapple leaf fibre (PALF), the fibre strength of the system can be improved. High portion of PALF decreased the composite paper performance because the high composition of PALF tends to produce flocs and agglomerates fibres. The arrangement of the fibres in composite paper should be improved so that this agglomerate’s effect could be overcome. A novel multilayer hybrid fibre composite was used. BSC/PALF with several hybrid ratios was studied in terms of the mechanical and moisture properties of the produced paper sheet and the results showed that multilayer hybrid composite paper produced higher in hybrid composite paper’s properties compared with random hybrid composite paper. The colour of multilayer hybrid fibre composite paper resembled the natural bright colour of BSC and the multilayer hybrid fibre composite paper also shown a slightly low weight loss percentage compared with the random hybrid fibre composite paper after 60 days of soil burial test. As a conclusion, multilayer hybrid fibre composite produced the stronger interfibre bonding and overcome the agglomerate’s effect between BSC/PALF compared with random hybrid fibre composite.

scholarly journals Thermoformed Containers Based on Starch and Starch/Coffee Waste Biochar Composites

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 6034
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Diaz ◽  
Rahul Ketan Shah ◽  
Tyler Evans ◽  
Thomas A. Trabold ◽  
Kathleen Draper
Keyword(s):  
Food Service ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Stable Form ◽  
Thermoplastic Material ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Soil Burial ◽  
Coffee Grounds ◽  
The Cost

Biodegradable containers support zero-waste initiatives when alternative end-of-life scenarios are available (e.g., composting, bio digestion). Thermoplastic starch (TPS) has emerged as a readily biodegradable and inexpensive biomaterial that can replace traditional plastics in applications such as food service ware and packaging. This study has two aims. First, demonstrate the thermoformability of starch/polycaprolactone (PCL) as a thermoplastic material with varying starch loadings. Second, incorporate biochar as a sustainable filler that can potentially lower the cost and enhance compostability. Biochar is a stable form of carbon produced by thermochemical conversion of organic biomass, such as food waste, and its incorporation into consumer products could promote a circular economy. Thermoformed samples were successfully made with starch contents from 40 to 60 wt.% without biochar. Increasing the amount of starch increased the viscosity of the material, which in turn affected the compression molding (sheet manufacturing) and thermoforming conditions. PCL content reduced the extent of biodegradation in soil burial experiments and increased the strength and elongation at break of the material. A blend of 50:50 starch:PCL was selected for incorporating biochar. Thermoformed containers were manufactured with 10, 20, and 30 wt.% biochar derived from waste coffee grounds. The addition of biochar decreased the elongation at break but did not significantly affect the modulus of elasticity or tensile strength. The results demonstrate the feasibility of using starch and biochar for the manufacturing of thermoformed containers.

Effect of Date Palm Fiber Loadings on the Mechanical Properties of High Density Polyethylene/Date Palm Fiber Composites

2018 ◽  
Vol 773 ◽  
pp. 94-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venitalitya Augustia ◽  
Achmad Chafidz ◽  
Lucky Setyaningsih ◽  
Muhammad Rizal ◽  
Mujtahid Kaavessina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
High Density ◽  
Palm Fiber ◽  
Test Result

The trend of using natural fibers as green filler in the fabrication of polymer composites is increasing. One of these natural fibers is date palm fiber (DPF). Date palm fiber is considered as agricultural waste in certain areas, such as Middle East countries. Therefore, the utilization of this fiber in the composites fabrication is an interesting topic of research. In the current study, composites were prepared by melt blending DPF with high density polyethylene (HDPE). Five different DPF loadings were studied (i.e. 0, 5, 10, 20, 30 wt%). The effect of the DPF loadings on the mechanical properties and water absorption behavior of the composites were investigated. The tensile test result showed that tensile strengths of all the composites samples were all higher than the neat HDPE with the maximum improvement was achieved at the DPF loading of 5 wt% (i.e. DFC-5), which was about 19.23 MPa (138% higher than the neat HDPE). Whereas, the flexural test result showed that the flexural strength of the composites slightly increased compared to that of the neat HDPE only until 5 wt% DPF loading (i.e. DFC-5). Afterward, the flexural strength of the DFC-10 was equal to that of the neat HDPE, and decreasing with further increase of DPF loadings. Additionally, the water absorption test result showed that the water absorption rate and uptake of water (at equilibrium) increased with the increase of DPF loading.

Investigation into lignin modified PBAT/thermoplastic starch composites: Thermal, mechanical, rheological and water absorption properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 171 ◽  
pp. 113916
Author(s):  
Ming Li ◽  
Yunxiu Jia ◽  
Xin Shen ◽  
Tao Shen ◽  
Zhuotao Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Absorption Properties

Strength, Durability and Degradation Properties of Bioplates Produced from Durian Seed Mixed with Poly(Lactic Acid)

2020 ◽  
Vol 858 ◽  
pp. 157-162
Author(s):  
Naruebodee Srisang ◽  
Siriwan Srisang
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Production Condition ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
High Tensile Strength ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Degradation Properties ◽  
Durian Seed

In this study, durian seed was used to mix with poly (lactic acid), PLA for bioplates production. Durian seeds were prepared to peel off the brown skin on durian seed and then were dried. It was called brown skin durian (BSD). BSD was reduced the size below 1 mm. The mixtures between BSD and PLA were varied at 10:90, 20:80, 30:70 g/g. All mixtures were compressed into bioplates mold with varying the temperature at 90, 110, and 130 °C and the pressure at 2.0, 2.7, and 3.4 MN/m2. Bioplates sample were also investigated the properties in term of water absorption, tensile strength, and degradation. Results showed that the optimal mixture between BSD and PLA was 30:70 g/g and the suitable production condition presented the temperature and pressure at 130 °C and 3.4 MN/m2, respectively. These conditions provided low water absorption, high tensile strength and provided the proper degradation within 7 days. Hence, agricultural waste (durian seed) can be combined with PLA to produce the bio-container as bioplates which presented the potential to use in waste management.

THE EFFECT OF GLYCEROL CONTENT ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES, SURFACE MORPHOLOGY AND WATER ABSORPTION OF THERMOPLASTIC FILMS FROM TACCA LEONTOPETALOIDES STARCH

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (5-3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ainatul Mardhiah Mohd Amin ◽  
Suhaila Mohd Sauid ◽  
Mohibah Musa ◽  
Ku Halim Ku Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Glycerol Concentration ◽  
Glycerol Content ◽  
Casting Method ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Water Absorption Test ◽  
Sulphur Vulcanization

Tacca leontopetaloides is a new plant source of starch and has high potential to produce film of thermoplastic. In this study, thermoplastic starch (TPS) derived from T.leontopetaloides was developed with glycerol as plasticizer through casting method at temperature range from 85 °C to 90 °C and enhanced with sulphur vulcanization method. It was found that the addition of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% (v/v) of glycerol into T.leontopetaloides starch had affected the mechanical properties, surface morphology, and water absorption of the thermoplastic films. In the mechanical properties study, the TPS films have the highest tensile strength (47.96 MPa) at 5% glycerol content in the formulation. Conversely, the TPS films have increasing value of elongation at break (EAB) with increasing glycerol concentration with the higher EAB obtained at 25% glycerol content (52.90%). The morphology of thermoplastic film was examined by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). As glycerol content increased, thermoplastic films showed smoother surface, homogenous and good distribution. In water absorption test, TPS films showed lower affinity to water absorption at lower glycerol content. The weight of the TPS films increased ranging from 80.3% to 107.4% after 12 hour of immersion in water. It can be concluded that, glycerol significantly affected the properties of TPS film within the range of glycerol concentration studied.

scholarly journals Water Absorption and Thermomechanical Characterization of Extruded Starch/Poly(lactic acid)/Agave Bagasse Fiber Bioplastic Composites

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Aranda-García ◽  
R. González-Núñez ◽  
C. F. Jasso-Gastinel ◽  
E. Mendizábal
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Thermomechanical Behavior ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Content Increase ◽  
Fiber Fracture ◽  
Bagasse Fiber

Water absorption and thermomechanical behavior of composites based on thermoplastic starch (TPS) are presented in this work, wherein the concentration of agave bagasse fibers (ABF, 0–15 wt%) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA, 0–30 wt%) is varied. Glycerol (G) is used as starch (S) plasticizer to form TPS. Starch stands as the polymer matrix (70/30 wt/wt, S/G). The results show that TPS hygroscopicity decreases as PLA and fiber content increase. Storage, stress-strain, and flexural moduli increase with PLA and/or agave bagasse fibers (ABF) content while impact resistance decreases. The TPS glass transition temperature increases with ABF content and decreases with PLA content. Micrographs of the studied biocomposites show a stratified brittle surface with a rigid fiber fracture.

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