Which spatial arrangement of green manure is able to reduce herbivory and invasion of exotic grasses in native species?

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Letícia Koutchin Reis ◽  
Angélica Guerra ◽  
Maria Luciana Zequim Colado ◽  
Felipe Luís Gomes Borges ◽  
Maxwell da Rosa Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Exotic Grasses

Kentucky Bluegrass Invasion Alters Soil Carbon and Vegetation Structure on Northern Mixed-Grass Prairie of the United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt A. Sanderson ◽  
Holly Johnson ◽  
Mark A. Liebig ◽  
John R. Hendrickson ◽  
Sara E. Duke
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Structure ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Vegetation Change ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
The United States ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Exotic Grasses

Invasive nonnative grasses pose a significant threat to rangelands of the Northern Great Plains. Long-term data from a grazing experiment near Mandan, ND (46°46′11.43″N, 100°54′55.16″W) revealed the invasion of native prairie by Kentucky bluegrass, an exotic grass. We hypothesized that bluegrass invasion altered soil13C and15N levels, tracking the increased abundance of invasive cool-season grass aboveground. In 2014, soil samples were collected to depths of 0 to 7.6 cm and 7.6 to 15.2 cm in pastures grazed similarly since 1916. Samples were analyzed for total carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) and13C and15N isotopes and compared against archived samples from 1991. Vegetation change from native to exotic grasses changed the isotopic composition of soil C. The soil δ13C at the 0- to 7.6-cm depth became more negative between 1991 and 2014. Soil δ13C became less negative with increasing stocking rate at both soil depths. Soil δ15N values at the 0- to 7.6-cm depth decreased between 1991 and 2014. Soil δ15N increased with increasing stocking rate at the 0- to 7.6-cm depth in 2014. Soil C and N concentrations at 0 to 7.6 cm increased by 35% (12 g C kg−1) and 27% (0.9 g N kg−1), respectively, from 1991 to 2014; however, concentrations at the 7.6- to 15.2-cm depth did not change. The shift from native C4to invasive C3grass did not reduce soil C storage in the long-term prairie pastures. The more deleterious effect of invasion, however, may have been the buildup of dead biomass, which alters vegetation structure and may reduce native species’ diversity and abundance.

The response of native species to removal of invasive exotic grasses in a seasonally dry Hawaiian woodland

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 699-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla M. D'Antonio ◽  
R. Flint Hughes ◽  
Michelle Mack ◽  
Derek Hitchcock ◽  
Peter M. Vitousek
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Exotic Grasses ◽  
Seasonally Dry ◽  
Invasive Exotic

Maintaining and Improving Biodiversity in Urban Centers: Landscape Spatial Design in Mexico City and New York City

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Zambrano ◽  
Steven N Handel ◽  
Tania Fernandez ◽  
Isabel Brostella
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
York City ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Animal Movement ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Green Spaces

Abstract ContextLarge cities contain different sizes and distributions of green spaces in a sea of buildings and roads. This urban landscape establishes the habitat for different species that persist in cities.ObjectivesHow does this “archipelago” of habitat space function? How does the arrangement of green spaces affect plant and animal species' biodiversity and movement through this urban pattern?MethodsBy using Patch Analyst Metrics, we propose a novel method to analyze and improve the current spatial arrangement of green spaces using Mexico City and New York City, long-established urban areas.ResultsThe two cities differ in the number, size, and spatial distribution of green spaces. Frequency analysis suggests that Mexico City has a high number of large green spaces for native species conservation; but most of them are in one vast cluster of green areas at the south. In New York City large spaces are distributed along the whole territory, comprising most potential habitats, but it has much more small areas. This spatial analysis shows particular areas in which both cities have the potential to add connectivity among existing green spaces for dispersal of many taxa of plants and animals. ConclusionsMuch data is available on the potential dispersion through cities, but a better framework for understanding the existing distribution is needed for future landscape decisions. Results suggest ways that new urban areas can better increase plant and animal movement patterns.

scholarly journals Establishment of native and exotic grasses on mine overburden and topsoil in the Hunter Valley, New South Wales

2005 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. A. Huxtable ◽  
T. B. Koen ◽  
D. Waterhouse
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Coal Mines ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Native Grasses ◽  
Exotic Grasses ◽  
Mine Rehabilitation

Native grasses have an important role to play in mine rehabilitation throughout Australia, but there have been few scientifically designed studies of field establishment of native grasses from sown seed in this country. Current recommendations for rehabilitation of open-cut coal mines in the Hunter Valley involve the sowing of exotic pasture species to reinstate mined land to Class IV and V under the Rural Land Capability System. Despite the importance of native grasses in the pre-mined landscape, they are currently not widely included in mine rehabilitation. To address this issue a project was conducted between 1994 and 2000 to research the use of native grasses for rehabilitation of open-cut coal mines in the Hunter Valley. This paper reports on 2 mine site experiments that aimed to assess establishment and persistence of a broad range of native and exotic grass species from an autumn sowing in both topsoil and raw spoil over a period of 61 months. The most promising natives in terms of early establishment, persistence and spread over time, included six C3 accessions (five Austrodanthonia spp. and Austrostipa bigeniculata) and one C4 accession (Cynodon dactylon). Persistence of these accessions was better in raw spoil than topsoil, despite initial low numbers, due to a lack of weed competition and their ability to spread by self-seeding. In topsoil, and in the absence of any biomass reduction, native species were mostly out-competed by vigorous exotic perennial grasses which were sown in these experiments and from seed influx from adjacent rehabilitation areas or from the soil seed bank. The effects of climatic conditions and differences in soil physical, chemical and seed bank characteristics at the 2 mine sites are also discussed.

scholarly journals Dendroflora of manor gardens of the early twentieth century in Łęczna county

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 129-136
Author(s):  
Margot Dudkiewicz ◽  
Marek Dąbski
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Fraxinus Excelsior ◽  
Deciduous Forests ◽  
Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Rich History

<p>In the late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries, new styles in the concept of a naturalistic park were created. The sites from this period located in the Lublin region include, among others, the Milejów manor and the Ciechanki <em>Ł</em>a<em>ń</em>cuchowskie manor. The manor park in Milejów was founded in the nineteenth century in English style. In the park there is a wooden, well–preserved mansion from 1903. However, the manor in Ciechanki is a building in modernist style. Both these park and manor complexes have a rich history and they fully deserve conservator’s protection. A dendrological inventory in Milejów showed 190 woody plants belonging to 22 species, while in Ciechanki – 590 woody plants belonging to 24 species. They are mostly native species associated with deciduous forests – <em>Fraxinus excelsior </em>L., <em>Acer pseudoplatanus </em>L., and <em>Carpinus betulus </em>L. Currently, the parks are gradually becoming naturalised, losing their original spatial arrangement, and they require restoration.</p>

scholarly journals Green manure and spatial arrangement in the sustainability improvement of lettuce-beet intercrops

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 451-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ítalo N. Silva ◽  
Francisco Bezerra Neto ◽  
Aurélio P. Barros Júnior ◽  
Jailma S. S. de Lima ◽  
Thaíza M. de V. Batista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Sustainability Indicators ◽  
Economic Sustainability ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Semi Arid

ABSTRACT Beet and lettuce are industrial vegetable crops valued for their high mineral, vitamin and fiber contents and for their additional health benefits. These crops are usually grown in intercrops in family production systems in a sustainable manner in semi-arid regions. This work aimed to evaluate the effects of incorporating different levels of hairy woodrose, as a green manure, on the agro-economic sustainability indicators of lettuce-beet intercrops, planted in different spatial arrangements and involving two successive croppings. The experimental design was a randomized complete blocks with treatments arranged in a 4 x 3 factorial scheme, corresponding to four hairy woodrose levels incorporated into the soil (6, 19, 32 and 45 t ha-1, dry basis) and three spatial arrangements between the component crops (2:2, 3:3 and 4:4), with four replications. The optimized agroeconomic performance of lettuce-beet intercropping was achieved with the incorporation of approximately 35.30 t ha-1 hairy woodrose. The lettuce crop contributed significantly to the productivity efficiency and sustainability of the intercropping with beet, compared to the single vegetable crops. The spatial arrangements between component crops did not affect the agroeconomic performance of the lettuce intercropped with beet.

Importance of phosphorus and nitrogen in the nutrition of grass seedlings growing in mulga soil

1976 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 583 ◽  
Author(s):  
RG Silcock ◽  
A Noble ◽  
RDB Whalley
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Exotic Grasses ◽  
Early Seedling Growth ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizers ◽  
Early Seedling

A pot experiment was conducted to compare the Importance of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers to seedling growth of four grasses on mulga soil. Two native species, Monachather paradoxa (mulga oats) and Digitaria ammophila (silky umbrella grass), and two exotic ones, Anthephora pubescens (wool grass) and Cenchrus ciliaris cv. Biloela (buffel grass), were tested. Digitaria and the two exotic grasses reacted similarly to applied phosphorus while Cenchrus utilized soil nitrogen more readily than the others. Phosphorus produced marked growth responses, increased the nitrogen and phosphorus contents of the plants, reduced the time between emergence and tillering and reduced root/shoot ratios. Nitrogen fertilizer produced no significant responses and actually retarded very early seedling growth. There were no nitrogen x phosphorus interactions.

Emergence, seedling development and survival of native and exotic grasses on a sandy red earth in South-Western Queensland.

1976 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
RG Silcock ◽  
LM Williams
Keyword(s):  
Exotic Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Exotic Grasses ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Average Survival ◽  
Red Earth ◽  
Growing Conditions

The growth and development of eight perennial grasses, from sowing until flowering, was studied in the field on a sandy red earth near Charleville, south-western Queensland. They included four species native to this soil, Thyridolepis mitchelliuna, Aristida armata, Digitaria ammophila and Monachather paradoxa, and four exotic species Cenchrus ciliuris cv. Biloela, Anthephora pubescens, Eragrostis curvula and Schmidtia bulbosa. Cenchrus ciliaris, A. pubescens and S. bulbosa emerged much more promptly than the other species and much less viable seed was left in the soil after the fist germination event. The native species tillered and flowered earlier than the exotic grasses and survived better under adverse growing conditions. Average survival at the end of the first growing season, during which good seasonal conditions pre- vailed, was 30% of the emergent seedlings. Schmidtia bulbosa performed best within the exotic group and this was associated with early tillering and earlier flowering. The exotic species needed at least a four month growing season before they flowered under field conditions compared with two months or less for the native grasses. However this disadvantage was offset somewhat by their greater dry matter yield at this stage of development.

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