Fish-meal diet enriched with omega-3 PUFA and treatment of canine chronic enteropathies

Fish meal is widely included in animal feed because it contains ideal essential amino acids profile, it is rich in energy, essential fatty acids, vitamins and minerals and with >80% apparent protein digestibility in peneid shrimp. In human nutrition, studies are investigating the inclusion of fish meal in snacks, cakes, breads and cookies, as an enrichment in calcium, phosphorus, iron, protein and, especially, omega-3 fatty acids. Omega-3 fatty acids reduces heart diseases and have antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory properties (eicosapentaenoic acid), and are essential to the formation of brain tissue and retina in infants and are important during pregnancy and lactation (docosahexaenoic acid). Fish meal produced from fish waste is rich in minerals (phosphorus), which may cause eutrophication and impair water quality in aquaculture. The aim of this study was to reduce phosphorus content from commercial fish meal produced from waste by sifting (0.60 - 1.00 - 1.18 - 1.40 - 2.36 and 3.35mm mesh sizes). Fish meal samples were collected monthly for 24 months. Proximate composition of subsamples per mesh size was compared to the unsieved sample. Results indicate that sifting through a 0.60mm sieve total phosphorus and ash contents were reduced up to 32% and 36%, respectively, further to increase protein content up to 20%. Average composition of the subsamples was 47.04% ash, 5.56% of total phosphorus and 39.45% protein, suggesting that the residue of the fractionation may be marketed as a mineral and protein supplement.

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SUBSTITUTION OF FISH MEAL WITH EARTHWORM MEAL (Lumbricus rubellus) ON FEED TOWARD UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS, TRIGLYCERIDE, LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN (LDL) AND HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN (HDL) CONTENT ON NILE TILAPIA’S (Oreochromis niloticus) MEAT

Journal of Aquaculture and Fish Health ◽

10.20473/jafh.v8i1.11775 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 24 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Guruh Firnanda Reynaldy

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fish Meal ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Lumbricus Rubellus ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Lower Protein ◽

Omega 6

Earthworm meal can be used to replaced fish meal because earthworm meal has higher protein than fish meal. Earthworms can be used as meal which can replace fish meal which has a lower protein value than earthworm meal. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of substitution of fish meal with earthworm meal can increase the content of unsaturated fatty acids and HDL and reduce triglycerides and LDL on tilapia’s meat. This study was designed using a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The dose given at each treatment is 0%, 30% 35%, 40%, 45%. Treatments were conducted for 45 days, by feeding 5% of the weight of biomass with a frequency of 3 times a day. The results of this study were able to increase the content of oleic acid, triglycerides and HDL and reduce LDL (P <0.05). Substitution of earthworm meal has no effect on the content of omega 3 and omega 6 meat of tilapia (P> 0.05).

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Feeding soy or fish meal to Alaskan reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) – effects on animal performance and meat quality

Rangifer ◽

10.7557/2.27.1.190 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Greg Finstad ◽

Eva Wiklund ◽

Kristy Long ◽

Phillip J. Rincker ◽

Alexandra C. M. Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Meat Quality ◽

Conversion Efficiency ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Fish Meal ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Feed Conversion Efficiency ◽

Free Range ◽

Seward Peninsula

Fourteen reindeer (8 steers and 6 females) were used to compare the effects of two different reindeer diets (a feed mix based on barley, brome hay and soybean meal (SBM) or fishmeal (WFM) as protein source) on animal growth performance, feed conversion efficiency and ultimate meat quality. Samples from free-ranging reindeer (n=4; 2 steers and 2 females) on the Seward Peninsula were included to provide comparisons with the traditional reindeer meat produced in Alaska. No significant difference was observed in overall weight gain between the WFM and SBM animals or between females and steers; however, the feed conversion efficiency was significantly higher for the reindeer fed the WFM mix. Carcass dressing percentage from the SBM group was higher compared with the WFM animals. No differences were found in live weight, carcass characteristics, meat pH, temperature decline, shear force, meat color or cooking loss when comparing the treatment groups. The meat samples (M. longissimus) from the free-range group had the highest amount of omega-3 fatty acids and also the highest amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Meat from the animals fed SBM was significantly higher in triglyceride content and lower in phospholipid content compared with the two other groups. No significant differences were found when the trained panel compared the sensory attributes of the meat. Off-flavor attributes related to “wild’ or “gamey” flavor was reported by consumers for samples from the WFM and free-range reindeer (15 and 24 per cent of the consumers, respectively). No “fish-related” flavor was reported. In conclusion, no negative effects in either animal performance or meat quality characteristics by using fish meal as opposed to soybean meal as a protein supplement in a milled reindeer diet were found.Abstract in Swedish / Sammandrag:Utfordring av ren med soja- eller fiskmjøl – effekter på tillväxt, foderutnyttjande och köttkvalitet I vår undersökning ingick 14 renar (8 kastrerade sarvar (härkar)och 6 vajor) för att jämföra effekter av två olika renfoder (baserade på korn, hö och soja- (SBM) eller fiskmjöl (WFM) som proteintillskott) med avseende på tillväxt, foderutnyttjande och köttkvalitet. Köttprover från naturbetande renar (n=4; 2 härkar och 2 vajor) från Seward Peninsula inkluderades i studien för att representera kvaliteten på traditionellt producerat renkött från Alaska. Inga signifikanta skillnader i tillväxt observerades, varken mellan SBM- och WFM-grupperna eller mellan härkar och vajor. Foderutnyttjandet var dock signifikant bättre hos WFM-renarna. Slaktutbytet var högst för renarna i SBM-gruppen, däremot rapporterades inga skillnader i levandevikt, slaktkroppsegenskaper, pH-värde och temperatur i ytterfilén, skärmotstånd, färg eller vattenhållande förmåga i köttet när de tre grupperna av renar jämfördes (SBM, WFM och naturbetande djur). Köttet från de naturbetande renarna hade det signifikant högsta innehållet av både omega-3-fettsyror och av fleromättade fettsyror. Kött från SBM-renarna hade det högsta innehållet av triglycerider och det lägsta innehållet av fosfolipider jämfört med de andra två grupperna. Den tränade smakpanelen kunde inte hitta några skillnader i sensoriska egenskaper hos köttet från renarna i de tre olika grupperna. I en konsumentundersökning rapporterades kommentarer om olika ”vilt-relaterade” bismaker i kött från naturbetande renar (24% av konsumenterna) och från WFM-gruppen (15% av konsumenterna), men inga ”fisk-liknande” bismaker i köttet kunde påvisas. Att byta ut sojamjöl mot fiskmjöl som proteintillskott i renfoder hade inga negativa effekter på renarnas tillväxt, foderutnyttjande eller på renköttets kvalitet.

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Production of Fish Feed and Fish Oil from Waste Biomass Using Microorganisms: Overview of Methods Analyzing Resource Availability

Environmental and Climate Technologies ◽

10.2478/rtuect-2018-0010 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 149-164 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kriss Spalvins ◽

Dagnija Blumberga

Keyword(s):

Fish Oil ◽

Single Cell ◽

Resource Availability ◽

Fish Meal ◽

Production Costs ◽

Fish Feed ◽

Waste Biomass ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Production Methods ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages

Abstract Aquaculture is currently the fastest growing food-producing sector in the world. The growth of this industry has been rapid for the last 25 years, however, aquaculture still relies heavily on feed input from wild capture fisheries. Landings in wild capture fisheries have been stagnant for the last two decades; therefore, new alternatives for conventional fish meal and fish oil need to be found. In this review, various alternatives are described and their advantages and disadvantages are evaluated. Single cell oils (SCO) and single cell proteins (SCP) produced by microorganisms are recognized as the alternative with the most potential for replacing fish meal and fish oil in aquacultures. However, production costs of SCOs and SCPsare still higher than production costs of Omega-3 rich oils from other sources (wild capture, plant derived oils and genetically modified plants); therefore, currently used substrates need to be replaced with cheaper agriculture and industrial biomass residues applicable for microbial fermentation. In order to evaluate various biodegradable residues and find the most suitable ones for SCO and SCP production, methods analysing resource availability are reviewed.

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OMEGA-3 FATTY ACID LEVELS AND PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKENS FED REDFISH MEAL OR REDFISH OIL

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas88-059 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 68 (2) ◽

pp. 533-547 ◽

Cited By ~ 82

Author(s):

H. W. HULAN ◽

F. G. PROUDFOOT ◽

R. G. ACKMAN ◽

W. M. N. RATNAYAKE

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Free Cholesterol ◽

Fish Meal ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Breast Meat ◽

Total N ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acid

Arbor Acre broiler chickens were fed six different diets to determine if the omega-3 fatty acid content of broiler chicken carcasses could be enhanced by feeding additional redfish meal (RFM) or redfish oil (RFO). The six diets were: control (no fish meal or fish oil); 7.5% RFM, 15.0% RFM, 30.0% RFM, 2.1% RFO and 4.2% RFO. Mortality at 28 d and 42 d was lower (P < 0.05) for birds fed RFO compared to those fed RFM. Feeding additional RFM or RFO had no (P > 0.05) effect on mortality, but resulted in lower body weights (P < 0.01) and feed consumption (P < 0.05) and poorer (P < 0.05) feed conversion. Additions of RFM or RFO to the diets resulted in a substantial dietary enrichment of omega-3 fatty acids (especially eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA or 20:5n-3; and docosahexaenoic acid, DHA or 22:6n-3). Analyses (wt/wt %) revealed that breast meat was lower (P < 0.001) in lipid and triglyceride but higher in cholesterol esters (P < 0.005), free cholesterol (P < 0.001) and phospholipid (P < 0.001) than thigh meat. Lipid, free cholesterol and phospholipid of edible meat lipid increased with duration of feeding (14 d, 28 d, 42 d) but triglyceride content decreased. Dietary treatment had no effect (P > 0.05) on carcass lipid content or composition. Breast meat lipid contained more (P < 0.001) of the omega-3 fatty acids (especially EPA and DHA), more n-3 docosapentaenoic acid (DPA or 22:5n-3) and more total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) than thigh meat lipids. EPA, DPA, DHA and total n-3 PUFA in edible meat lipids increased (P < 0.05) with duration of feeding. Feeding additional RFM and RFO resulted in an increased accumulation of the EPA (P < 0.001), DPA (P < 0.01), DHA (P < 0.01) and total n-3 PUFA (P < 0.001), primarily at the expense of the omega-6 fatty acids linoleic (18:2n-6) and arachidonic (20:4n-6). It can be calculated from the data presented that on average a normal meal (100 g) of chicken which has been fed 7.5% fish meal, would contribute 140 mg of omega-3 fatty acids (EPA + DPA + DHA). The same size meal of cod flesh would contribute about 135 mg of these fatty acids. Key words: Broiler chickens, breast, thigh, redfish meal, eicosapentaenoic acid, omega-3 fatty acids

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Fish meal supplementation increases bovine plasma and luteal tissue omega-3 fatty acid composition1

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.2527/jas.2011-4208 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 90 (3) ◽

pp. 771-778 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

N. R. White ◽

P. D. Burns ◽

R. D. Cheatham ◽

R. M. Romero ◽

J. P. Nozykowski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Fish Meal ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽

Bovine Plasma ◽

Luteal Tissue

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Activity Engagement in Cognitive Aging: A Review of the Evidence

Perspectives on Neurophysiology and Neurogenic Speech and Language Disorders ◽

10.1044/nnsld23.1.35 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yvonne Rogalski ◽

Muriel Quintana

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Cognitive Aging ◽

Social Activity ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Neuroprotective Effects ◽

Activity Engagement ◽

Age Related ◽

Age Related Cognitive Decline

The population of older adults is rapidly increasing, as is the number and type of products and interventions proposed to prevent or reduce the risk of age-related cognitive decline. Advocacy and prevention are part of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association’s (ASHA’s) scope of practice documents, and speech-language pathologists must have basic awareness of the evidence contributing to healthy cognitive aging. In this article, we provide a brief overview outlining the evidence on activity engagement and its effects on cognition in older adults. We explore the current evidence around the activities of eating and drinking with a discussion on the potential benefits of omega-3 fatty acids, polyphenols, alcohol, and coffee. We investigate the evidence on the hypothesized neuroprotective effects of social activity, the evidence on computerized cognitive training, and the emerging behavioral and neuroimaging evidence on physical activity. We conclude that actively aging using a combination of several strategies may be our best line of defense against cognitive decline.

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