Development of bio‐inspired composite materials for the detection of traces of silver present in water: Use of Taguchi methodology to design low‐cost carbon paste electrodes

Synthetic dyes are commonly used in food products like soft drinks, vegetable sauces, jellies, etc. Most artificial dyes can cause cancer, therefore it is very important to develop sensors to detect them in food samples. Voltammetric methods with carbon paste electrodes (CPEs) are promising for this purpose. However, modification of CPEs is necessary to detect the commercial dyes in food samples in the presence of interferents. In the current review, we have discussed the different previous research in which detection of dyes is performed in real samples with good detection limits. The current review will be helpful for readers who are interested in developing low-cost electrodes for the effective determination of dyes in commercial products like soft drinks and vegetable sauces.

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HOUSEHOLD WATER BALANCE AND ASSESSMENT OF WATER VOLUME FOR IRRIGATION IN AGRO LANDSCAPES OF THE KYZYLSU-YUZHNAYA BASIN

Prirodoobustrojstvo ◽

10.26897/1997-6011-2020-5-102-109 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 102-109

Author(s):

D.KH. DOMULLODZHANOV ◽

◽

R. RAHMATILLOEV

Keyword(s):

Water Balance ◽

River Basin ◽

Water Use ◽

Storage Systems ◽

Low Cost ◽

Field Studies ◽

Water Volume ◽

Land Productivity ◽

Household Water ◽

And Storage

The article presents the results of the field studies and observations that carried out on the territory of the hilly, low-mountain and foothill agro landscapes of the Kyzylsu-yuzhnaya (Kyzylsu-Southern) River Basin of Tajikistan. Taking into account the high-altitude location of households and the amount of precipitation in the river basin, the annual volumes of water accumulated with the use of low-cost systems of collection and storage of precipitation have been clarified. The amount of water accumulated in the precipitation collection and storage systems has been established, the volume of water used for communal and domestic needs,the watering of livestock and the amount of water that can be used to irrigate crops in the have been determined. Possible areas of irrigation of household plots depending on the different availability of precipitation have been determined. It has been established that in wet years (with precipitation of about 10%) the amount of water collected using drip irrigation will be sufficient for irrigation of 0.13 hectares, and in dry years (with 90% of precipitation) it will be possible to irrigate only 0.03 ha of the household plot. On the basis of the basin, the total area of irrigation in wet years can be 4497 ha, and in dry years only 1087 ha. Taking into account the forecasts of population growth by 2030 and an increase in the number of households, the total area of irrigation of farmlands in wet years may reach 5703 hectares,and in dry years – 1379 hectares. Growing crops on household plots under irrigation contributes to a significant increase in land productivity and increases the efficiency of water use of the Kyzylsu-yuzhnaya basin.

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Bamboo Waste-based Bio-composite Substance: An application for Low-cost Construction Materials

SPECTA Journal of Technology ◽

10.35718/specta.v4i1.162 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 41-48

Author(s):

Teodoro Astorga Amatosa ◽

Michael E. Loretero

Keyword(s):

Composite Materials ◽

Sea Water ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Low Cost ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Single Layer ◽

High Strength ◽

Green Technology ◽

Experimental Medium ◽

Natural Treatment

Bamboo is a lightweight and high-strength raw materials that encouraged researchers to investigate and explore, especially in the field of biocomposite and declared as one of the green-technology on the environment as fully accountable as eco-products. This research was to assess the technical feasibility of making single-layer experimental Medium-Density Particleboard panels from the bamboo waste of a three-year-old (Dendrocalamus asper). Waste materials were performed to produce composite materials using epoxy resin (C21H25C105) from a natural treatment by soaking with an average of pH 7.6 level of sea-water. Three different types of MDP produced, i.e., bamboo waste strip MDP (SMDP), bamboo waste chips MDP (CMDP) and bamboo waste mixed strip-chips MDP (MMDP) by following the same process. The experimental panels tested for their physical-mechanical properties according to the procedures defined by ASTM D1037-12. Conclusively, even the present study shows properties of MDP with higher and comparable to other composite materials; further research must be given better attention as potential substitute to be used as hardwood materials, especially in the production, design, and construction usage.

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Influence of Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Dot and Silver Nanoparticle Modified Carbon Paste Electrodes on the Potentiometric Determination of Tobramycin Sulfate: A Comparative Study

Chemosensors ◽

10.3390/chemosensors9030052 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 52

Author(s):

Nermine V. Fares ◽

Passant M. Medhat ◽

Christine M. El Maraghy ◽

Sherif Okeil ◽

Miriam F. Ayad

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticle ◽

Carbon Nanodots ◽

Carbon Paste ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Loteprednol Etabonate ◽

Carbon Paste Electrodes ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Nernstian Slope ◽

Nitrogen Doped Carbon ◽

Modified Carbon Paste Electrodes

Two inexpensive and simple methods for synthesis of carbon nanodots were applied and compared to each other, namely a hydrothermal and microwave-assisted method. The synthesized carbon nanodots were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), photoluminescence (PL), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The synthesized microwave carbon nanodots had smaller particle size and were thus chosen for better electrochemical performance. Therefore, they were used for our modification process. The proposed electrodes performance characteristics were evaluated according to the IUPAC guidelines, showing linear response in the concentration range 10−6–10−2, 10−7–10−2, and 10−8–10−2 M of tobramycin with a Nernstian slope of 52.60, 58.34, and 57.32 mV/decade for the bare, silver nanoparticle and carbon nanodots modified carbon paste electrodes, respectively. This developed potentiometric method was used for quantification of tobramycin in its co-formulated dosage form and spiked human plasma with good recovery percentages and without interference of the co-formulated drug loteprednol etabonate and excipients.

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Physical and Mechanical Properties of Natural Leaf Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Polyester Composites

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13091369 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 1369

Author(s):

Sanjeev Kumar ◽

Lalta Prasad ◽

Vinay Kumar Patel ◽

Virendra Kumar ◽

Anil Kumar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Composite Materials ◽

Synthetic Fibre ◽

Low Cost ◽

Fibre Length ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Natural Fibres ◽

Risk Environment ◽

Insulation Property ◽

Natural Leaf

In recent times, demand for light weight and high strength materials fabricated from natural fibres has increased tremendously. The use of natural fibres has rapidly increased due to their high availability, low density, and renewable capability over synthetic fibre. Natural leaf fibres are easy to extract from the plant (retting process is easy), which offers high stiffness, less energy consumption, less health risk, environment friendly, and better insulation property than the synthetic fibre-based composite. Natural leaf fibre composites have low machining wear with low cost and excellent performance in engineering applications, and hence established as superior reinforcing materials compared to other plant fibres. In this review, the physical and mechanical properties of different natural leaf fibre-based composites are addressed. The influences of fibre loading and fibre length on mechanical properties are discussed for different matrices-based composite materials. The surface modifications of natural fibre also play a crucial role in improving physical and mechanical properties regarding composite materials due to improved fibre/matrix adhesion. Additionally, the present review also deals with the effect of silane-treated leaf fibre-reinforced thermoset composite, which play an important role in enhancing the mechanical and physical properties of the composites.

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Polyvinyl Chloride Modified Carbon Paste Electrodes for Sensitive Determination of Levofloxacin Drug in Serum, Urine, and Pharmaceutical Formulations

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21093150 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (9) ◽

pp. 3150

Author(s):

Fatehy M. Abdel-Haleem ◽

Sonia Mahmoud ◽

Nour Eldin T. Abdel-Ghani ◽

Rasha Mohamed El Nashar ◽

Mikhael Bechelany ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Infections ◽

Pharmaceutical Preparation ◽

Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽

Selectivity Coefficient ◽

Pvc Membrane ◽

Carbon Paste ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Carbon Paste Electrodes ◽

Antibiotic Drug

Levofloxacin (LF) is a medically important antibiotic drug that is used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. In this study, three highly sensitive and selective carbon paste electrodes (CPEs) were fabricated for potentiometric determination of the LF drug: (i) CPEs filled with carbon paste (referred to as CPE); (ii) CPE coated (drop-casted) with ion-selective PVC membrane (referred to as C-CPE); (iii) CPE filled with carbon paste modified with a plasticizer (PVC/cyclohexanone) (referenced as P-CPE). The CPE was formulated from graphite (Gr, 44.0%) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO, 3.0%) as the carbon source, tricresyl phosphate (TCP, 47.0%) as the plasticizer; sodium tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] borate (St-TFPMB, 1.0%) as the ion exchanger; and levofloxacinium-tetraphenylborate (LF-TPB, 5.0%) as the lipophilic ion pair. It showed a sub-Nernstian slope of 49.3 mV decade−1 within the LF concentration range 1.0 × 10−2 M to 1.0 × 10−5 M, with a detection limit of 1.0 × 10−5 M. The PVC coated electrode (C-CPE) showed improved sensitivity (in terms of slope, equal to 50.2 mV decade−1) compared to CPEs. After the incorporation of PVC paste on the modified CPE (P-CPE), the sensitivity increased at 53.5 mV decade−1, indicating such improvement. The selectivity coefficient (log KLF2+,Fe+3pot.) against different interfering species (Na+, K+, NH4+, Ca2+, Al3+, Fe3+, Glycine, Glucose, Maltose, Lactose) were significantly improved by one to three orders of magnitudes in the case of C-CPE and P-CPE, compared to CPEs. The modification with the PVC membrane coating significantly improved the response time and solubility of the LF-TPB within the electrode matrix and increased the lifetime. The constructed sensors were successfully applied for LF determination in pharmaceutical preparation (Levoxin® 500 mg), spiked urine, and serum samples with high accuracy and precision.

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