Effects of changes in canopy interception on stream runoff response and recovery following clear‐cutting of a Japanese coniferous forest in Fukuroyamasawa Experimental Watershed in Japan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoki Oda ◽  
Tomohiro Egusa ◽  
Nobuhito Ohte ◽  
Norifumi Hotta ◽  
Nobuaki Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Canopy Interception ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Response And Recovery

scholarly journals Consequences of Climate Change-Induced Habitat Conversions on Red Wood Ants in a Central European Mountain: A Case Study

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1677
Author(s):  
Orsolya Juhász ◽  
Ágnes Fürjes-Mikó ◽  
Anna Tenyér ◽  
Anna Ágnes Somogyi ◽  
Dianne Joy Aguilon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Coniferous Forests ◽  
Central European ◽  
Formica Polyctena ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Red Wood Ants ◽  
Wood Ants

The consequences of anthropogenic climate change are one of the major concerns of conservation biology. A cascade of negative effects is expected to affect various ecosystems, one of which is Central European coniferous forests and their unique biota. These coniferous forests are the primary habitat of many forest specialist species such as red wood ants. Climate change-induced rising of temperature allows trees to skip winter hibernation, making them more vulnerable to storms that cause wind felling, and in turn, promotes bark beetle infestations that results in unscheduled clear-cuttings. Red wood ants can also be exposed to such habitat changes. We investigated the effects of bark beetle-induced clear-cutting and the absence of coniferous trees on colonies of Formica polyctena, including a mixed-coniferous forest as a reference. Our aim was to investigate how these habitat features affect the nest characteristics and nesting habits of F. polyctena. Our results indicate that, in the absence of conifers, F. polyctena tend to use different alternatives for nest material, colony structure, and food sources. However, the vitality of F. polyctena colonies significantly decreased (smaller nest mound volumes). Our study highlights the ecological flexibility of this forest specialist and its potential to survive under extreme conditions.

Clear-cutting affects the ammonia-oxidising community differently in limed and non-limed coniferous forest soils

2004 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
JennyS.K. B�ckman ◽  
?saKasimir Klemedtsson ◽  
Leif Klemedtsson ◽  
Per-Eric Lindgren
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Clear Cutting

scholarly journals Effect of conventional and whole-tree clear-cutting on concentrations of some micronutrients in coniferous forest soil and plants

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Grønflaten ◽  
Eiliv Steinnes ◽  
Göran Örlander
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Deschampsia Flexuosa ◽  
Southern Sweden ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Opposite Trend ◽  
Humus Layer ◽  
Whole Tree ◽  
Cu And Zn

Effect of conventional and whole-tree clear-cutting on concentrations of some micronutrients in coniferous forest soil and plants Increasingly intensive and mechanized clear-cutting may deplete the forest ecosystem of essential nutrients. A clear-cut area near Växjö, southern Sweden, was investigated for changes in Mn, Cu and Zn in soil (NH4NO3 extractable and HNO3 soluble) and wavy hair grass (Deschampsia flexuosa) after conventional (CC) and whole-tree clear-cutting (WTC). The soil samples were mostly iron podzols. The area consisted of four clear-cut sites, respectively 2, 4, 6 and 8 years old, and an uncut forest reference stand. Each of the clear-cuts was split in two parts representing WTC and CC sites. Manganese showed the most definite trends after clear-cutting, exhibiting higher extractable concentrations in Oe, Oa and E horizons (4-8 years after clear-cutting) and B horizons (6-8 years after clear-cutting). The increase of exchangeable Mn in the E (2-8 years) and B (4-8 years) horizons was particularly strong. Zn concentrations tended to fluctuate with time. There was a tendency to higher Mn and Zn concentrations in the humus layer especially 2 years after CC-treatment compared with WTC, whereas the opposite trend was apparent for Cu. Mn, Cu and Zn concentrations decreased in Deschampsia flexuosa 2 years after clear-cutting, possibly due to increased soil pH.

Response of beaver, moose, and snowshoe hare to clear-cutting in a Quebec boreal forest: a reassessment 10 years after cut

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Potvin ◽  
Laurier Breton ◽  
Réhaume Courtois
Keyword(s):  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Castor Canadensis ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Snowshoe Hare ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Control Block ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Rate Of Increase

We studied the response of beaver (Castor canadensis Kuhl), moose (Alces alces L.), and snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus Erxl.) to clear-cutting in three blocks that had been logged 10 years ago. In a previous study, these species had been surveyed in the same blocks 2 years before and 2 years after logging. We also surveyed an uncut block of the initial experimental design that was logged more recently. Over the 10-year period, the shrub layer and available browse have improved markedly in clear-cut areas. As compared with logged coniferous stands, logged mixed stands had higher lateral cover (62% vs. ≈55%) and taller regeneration (>4 m vs. <3 m). Beaver density did not change over the period because its feeding habitat remained unchanged in the riparian forest strips. Moose densities increased 54%–87% in two harvested blocks as a result of both logging and stricter hunting regulations (selective hunting). Based on the rate of increase observed in a control block, we estimate that a 25% density increase in the mixed forest block can be related to logging, while selective hunting can solely be responsible for the change in the coniferous forest block. Snowshoe hare have started to reoccupy logged coniferous stands, but their relative density still remained less than half that of uncut stands. We conclude that, after 10 years, logged mixed stands already offer good habitat conditions for moose and snowshoe hare. Conversely, in logged black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) stands, habitat conditions still remain poor for snowshoe hare because of a lack of cover.

scholarly journals Effects of clear-cutting and selective felling in Swedish Boreal coniferous forest: response of invertebrate taxa eaten by birds

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 79-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ola Atlegrim ◽  
Kjell Sjöberg
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Insectivorous Birds ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Field Layer ◽  
Clear Cutting

Our aim was to analyse the short-term effects (0-4 years) of selective felling and clear-cutting on the food resources of insectivorous birds. Literature data on bird diets showed that herbivorous larvae (Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera: Symphyta) and spiders (Araneae) were used by 81 and 50%, respectively, of 16 bird species breeding in the Swedish boreal coniferous forest. A field study comparing selective fellings, clear-cuttings and uncut controls showed considerable effects of clear-cutting on both terricolous and field layer invertebrates. Clear-cuttings had significantly lower abundance and biomass, and a different composition of herbivorous larvae and spiders, as well as a lower total biomass of invertebrates in the field layer than controls. Drastic changes of abiotic factors (like increased temperature range) following clear-cutting may directly affect the occurrence of invertebrates. However, indirect effects (like increased sun exposure, affecting food plant quality for herbivorous larvae) are probably also responsible. Selective fellings did not differ from controls in the occurrence of herbivorous larvae and spiders. Therefore, over the four-year term of our study, selective felling seems to provide birds with conditions similar to uncut forest for invertebrates used by birds.

METODY PROWADZENIA ODNOWIEŃ NATURALNYCH SOSNY ZWYCZAJNEJ (PINUS SYLVESTRIS L.) W NADLEŚNICTWIE SKWIERZYNA

2020 ◽  
Vol XIII ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Maciej Hałuszczak
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Basic Method ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Forest District

For many years, the Skwierzyna Forest District has been a leader among 35 units of the Regional Directorate of State Forests in Szczecin in terms of the area of the obtained natural regeneration of Scots pine. In the Skwierzyna Forest District in the period 2010-2018, 522.93 ha of natural regeneration was recognized, which constitutes 43% of the total regeneration, the habitat of fresh mixed coniferous forest and fresh coniferous forest as optimal for obtaining regeneration of the natural pine. In the spring date of plowing, the forest plow LPz-75 is applied, as the best for obtaining satisfactory self-seeding. The basic method of natural regeneration of pine in the Skwierzyna Forest Inspectorate is the use of a strip-like clear cutting (Ib) in the form of classic narrow sheds, with a cutting width of up to 60 m. It is noteworthy that in the woodcutting the under-eaves undergrowths, arising in forest stands close to the harvest, are left intact and later used within the naturally renovated area.

scholarly journals Modeling Snow–Canopy Processes on an Idealized Mountain

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 663-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Strasser ◽  
Michael Warscher ◽  
Glen E. Liston
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Distributed Simulation ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Radiative Energy ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Canopy Interception ◽  
Simulation Engine ◽  
Shadowing Effect

Abstract Snow interception in a coniferous forest canopy is an important hydrological feature, producing complex mass and energy exchanges with the surrounding atmosphere and the snowpack below. Subcanopy snowpack accumulation and ablation depends on the effects of canopy architecture on meteorological conditions and on interception storage by stems, branches, and needles. Mountain forests are primarily composed of evergreen conifer species that retain their needles throughout the year and hence intercept snow efficiently during winter. Canopy-intercepted snow can melt, fall to the ground, and/or sublimate into the air masses above and within the canopy. To improve the understanding of snow–canopy interception processes and the associated influences on the snowpack below, a series of model experiments using a detailed, physically based snow–canopy and snowpack evolution model [Alpine Multiscale Numerical Distributed Simulation Engine (AMUNDSEN)] driven with observed meteorological forcing was conducted. A cone-shaped idealized mountain covered with a geometrically regular pattern of coniferous forest stands and clearings was constructed. The model was applied for three winter seasons with different snowfall intensities and distributions. Results show the effects of snow–canopy processes and interactions on the pattern of ground snow cover, its duration, and the amount of meltwater release, in addition to showing under what conditions the protective effect of a forest canopy overbalances the reduced accumulation of snow on the ground. The simulations show considerable amounts of canopy-intercepted snowfall can sublimate, leading to reduced snow accumulation beneath the forest canopy. In addition, the canopy produces a shadowing effect beneath the trees that leads to reduced radiative energy reaching the ground, reduced below-canopy snowmelt rates, and increased snow-cover duration relative to nonforested areas. During snow-rich winters, the shadowing effect of the canopy dominates and snow lasts longer inside the forest than in the open, but during winters with little snow, snow sublimation losses dominate and snow lasts longer in the open areas than inside the forest. Because of the strong solar radiation influence on snowmelt rates, the details of these relationships vary for northern and southern radiation exposures and time of year. In early and high winter, the radiation protection effect of shadowing by the canopy is small. If little snow is available, an intermittent melt out of the snow cover inside the forest can occur. In late winter and spring, the shadowing effect becomes more efficient and snowmelt is delayed relative to nonforested areas.

scholarly journals Hypogeous Fungi Occurrence, Distribution and Mycorrhizal Hosts in Grand Teton National Park and John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Memorial Parkway

1989 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 111-122
Author(s):  
Steven Miller ◽  
Nancy Stanton ◽  
Stephen Williams
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
National Park ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Hypogeous Fungi ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Large Scale Disturbance ◽  
Insect Attack

The persistence of mycorrhizal fungi in undisturbed coniferous forest ecosystems is assumed by the renewed appearance of their sporocarps each year. Sporocarps, however, are not produced in areas severely disturbed by fire or clearcutting; yet spores and other propagules of some species of hypogeous fungi are present in the soil in the absence of suitable mycorrhizal hosts, and are capable of forming mycorrhizae several years after clear-cutting or fire (Miller et al. 1989). In fact, hypogeous fungi such as Rhizopogon spp. are typically the first to recolonize root systems of new seedlings after large scale disturbance such as fire, insect attack, or clearcutting (Miller et al. 1989). Are these fungi residual in the soil from previously existing spore banks, or are they continuously being restocked into the area? Information on strategies for persistence, propagation and survival of ectomycorrhizal fungi is required before responses of forest ecosystems to fire and other disturbance can be understood.

Effects of clear-cutting on the composition of bacterial populations of northern spruce forest soil

1977 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seppo Niemelä ◽  
Veronica Sundman
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Humus Layer

This paper concerns the microbiological part of an investigation, the goal of which is to describe the biological changes in coniferous forest soil upon clear-cutting in a northern (66°20′ N) moraine area where reforestation after clear-cutting had been met with difficulty. The zoological part of the work has been published elsewhere. Clear-cut sites of increasing age (4, 7, and 13 years) were investigated and compared with a forest area where no cutting of timber had been done for 120 years.A total of 684 random isolates of heterotrophic bacteria from pooled samples of the sites investigated were passed through 36 biochemical tests. The data were condensed by the aid of factor analysis, and a comparison of the populations was based on squared Euclidean distances between population centroids in a seven-dimensional factor space.The most marked population changes followed a course in which frequencies of some population characteristics became increasingly different until 7 years after clear-cutting, with regression towards the control clearly evident after 13 years. Disturbances of shorter duration were also relatively common, with maximal changes observed in the 4-year samples, and with a complete recovery after 7 years.The mineral soil populations seemed to undergo greater changes than the humus populations.The most distinct changes believed to be due to clear-cutting were the short-term relative increase of organisms producing acid from sucrose and dissolving CaHPO4, and a long-term increase of lipolytic and caseolytic, rhamnose-negative organisms; both in the mineral soil layer. In the humus layer, a short-term increase of lipolytic and of rhamnose-positive organisms seemed to take place.

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