Imaginary Companions in Childhood: What Can Prospective Longitudinal Research Tell Us About Their Fate by Adolescence?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena M. McAnally ◽  
Bridget J. Forsyth ◽  
Marjorie Taylor ◽  
Elaine Reese
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Imaginary Companions ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Marine Resilience Study: Challenges of VA-DoD Collaboration for Prospective Longitudinal Research

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewleen Baker ◽  
Brett Litz ◽  
William Nash
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Interpersonal Violence in Prison: Evidence From Longitudinal Administrative Prison Data in Northern Ireland

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110063
Author(s):  
Michelle Butler ◽  
Catherine B. McNamee ◽  
Dominic Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Prison Misconduct ◽  
Medical Issues ◽  
Services And Supports ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

The present study uses a prospective longitudinal research design to examine whether previously identified risk factors for prison interpersonal violence can predict violent prison misconduct in Northern Ireland (NI). Administrative data drawn from the records of 429 adult males imprisoned on November 22, 2017 were used to predict involvement in violent prison misconduct during a 1-year follow-up period. The results revealed that only a small number of previously identified risk factors were found to be significant in the NI context. Nationality, neighborhood deprivation, history of addiction, submission of prison complaints, past involvement in prison misconduct, and number of incarcerations emerged as significant, while religion, head injury/epilepsy, property offences, and prison visits were significant at the marginal level. Given the variation in risk factors identified as significant in the NI context compared to previous research, it is argued that cultural context matters when attempting to generalize the risk factors for prison interpersonal violence from one jurisdiction to another. These results offer some support for the importation theory, although it should be noted that the inclusion of prison environmental factors was limited due to the nature of the data. It is argued that specialist services and supports should be provided to address the factors contributing to interpersonal prison violence, including interventions to improve feelings of fairness, identify and treat underlying medical issues, as well as support visitation.

scholarly journals Fluid Reasoning Mediates the Association of Birth Weight With ADHD Symptoms in Youth From Multiplex Families With ADHD

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 682-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia E. Morgan ◽  
Steve S. Lee ◽  
Sandra K. Loo
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Fluid Reasoning ◽  
Multiplex Families ◽  
Conditional Indirect Effects ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Objective: We tested mediation of birth weight and ADHD symptoms by multiple biologically plausible neurocognitive functions and evaluated familiality of observed indirect effects. Method: 647 youth from 284 multiplex families with ADHD completed the Arithmetic, Digit Span, Vocabulary, and Block Design subtests of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC). Multiple mediation tested WISC subtests as mediators of birth weight and multi-informant ADHD symptoms. Familiality of indirect effects was estimated via moderated mediation comparing conditional indirect effects across siblings concordant and discordant for ADHD. Results: Controlling for IQ and demographic factors, Arithmetic uniquely mediated birth weight and ADHD symptoms. Conditional indirect effects through Arithmetic did not differ across ADHD concordant and discordant siblings. Conclusion: These cross-sectional findings support previous prospective longitudinal research implicating Arithmetic (i.e., fluid reasoning) as a preliminary causal mediator of birth weight and ADHD symptoms, and suggest that this pathway is independent of genetic influences on ADHD.

The Malevolent Side of Human Nature

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Muris ◽  
Harald Merckelbach ◽  
Henry Otgaar ◽  
Ewout Meijer
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Personality Factor ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normal Personality ◽  
Analytic Review ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

The term dark triad refers to the constellation of narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy. Over the past few years, the concept has gained momentum, with many researchers assuming that the dark triad is a prominent antecedent of transgressive and norm-violating behavior. Our purpose in this meta-analytic review was to evaluate (a) interrelations among narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy; (b) gender differences in these traits; (c) how these traits are linked to normal personality factors; and (d) the psychosocial correlates of the dark triad. Our findings show that dark triad traits are substantially intercorrelated, somewhat more prevalent among men than women, predominantly related to the Big Five personality factor of agreeableness and the HEXACO factor of honesty-humility, and generally associated with various types of negative psychosocial outcomes. We question whether dark triad traits are sufficiently distinct and argue that the way they are currently measured is too simple to capture the malevolent sides of personality. Because most research in this domain is cross-sectional and based on self-reports, we recommend using a cross-informant approach and prospective, longitudinal research designs for studying the predictive value of dark triad features.

State of the science on parental stress and family functioning in pediatric intensive care units

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Board ◽  
N Ryan-Wenger
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Family Functioning ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care Units ◽  
Research With Children ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

BACKGROUND: Critical illness of a child is stressful for parents and may affect family functioning. Most research on hospitalization in pediatric intensive care units has focused on the immediate responses of parents to the experience. OBJECTIVE: To critically review literature about pediatric intensive care units and to link those studies to a theoretical framework: McCubbin and McCubbin's resiliency model of family stress, adjustment, and adaptation. An updated synthesis of the literature is essential to prevent unnecessary duplication of research. METHODS: Guidelines presented by Ryan-Wenger were used to critique the scientific credibility and integrity of 38 research reports found by searching MEDLINE, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health, and reference lists. The critique was organized according to the components of the research process, and then study results were reviewed according to the variables of the resiliency model. RESULTS: Most publications focused on variables in the adjustment phase, including stressors, resources, perceptions of stressors, and outcomes for patients' families. Obvious gaps in knowledge were related to families' vulnerability, type, and problem-solving and coping strategies. Many of the studies were biased toward white persons and toward mothers. CONCLUSIONS: Further research is warranted on (1) families of various ethnic backgrounds; (2) fathers and their low participation rates; (3) mother and father comparisons; (4) replication of interventional research with larger and more diverse samples; (5) exploratory and prospective, longitudinal research; and (6) research with children in pediatric intensive care units.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Different Pain Control Methods in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis after Knee Arthroplasty

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jin-Lain Ming ◽  
Shiao-Pei Hung ◽  
Hui-Mei Huang ◽  
Li-Hua Tseng ◽  
Chiung-Hui Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Pain ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Pain Control ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Pain Level ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

The number of patients with knee osteoarthritis has increased in tandem with population aging. Consequently, the number of knee arthroplasties has also risen. The postoperative pain is the biggest challenge faced by patients soon after knee arthroplasty; therefore, this study is among different methods for post-knee arthroplasty pain control. A prospective longitudinal research design was employed; 177 adult patients who proposed for primary knee arthroplasty were enrolled and recruited. The patients were divided into conventional Group 1 (n=120) and patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) Group 2 (n=57) according to the treatment methods they received. All patients experience the highest pain level on the day of their surgery; women complained of higher pain levels than men did, while the PCA group had lower postoperative pain. Meanwhile, patients with general anesthesia experienced more pain than those with spinal anesthesia in postoperative period. Patients with a higher postoperative pain index have a smaller optimal knee flexion angle. The PCA group had lower postoperative pain; all patients experienced the highest pain level on the day of their surgery. The results of this study could serve as a reference for nurses where PCA ensures a better postoperative pain control and therefore facilitates recovery and improves the quality of nursing.

scholarly journals Heterogeneity Within Youth With Childhood-Onset Conduct Disorder in the ABCD Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah J. Brislin ◽  
Meghan E. Martz ◽  
Lora M. Cope ◽  
Jillian E. Hardee ◽  
Alexander Weigard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Social Risk Factors ◽  
Childhood Onset ◽  
Relevant Variables ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

The purpose of this study was to examine if personality traits can be used to characterize subgroups of youth diagnosed with childhood-onset conduct disorder (CD). Participants were 11,552 youth from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study. Data used in this report came from doi: 10.15154/1504041 (M age 9.92; 45.3% female, 49.6% white, 19.0% Hispanic). A subset of this sample (n = 365) met criteria for CD. Latent profile analyses (LPA) were performed on this subgroup (n = 365) to define profiles of individuals with CD based on self-report measures of impulsivity, punishment sensitivity, reward response, and callous-unemotional traits. Follow up analyses determined if these groups differed on clinically relevant variables including psychopathology, environmental risk factors, social risk factors, and neurocognitive functioning. Participants with a CD diagnosis scored significantly higher on psychological, environmental, social, and neurocognitive risk factors. The LPA revealed three unique profiles, which differed significantly on liability for broad psychopathology and domain-specific liability for externalizing psychopathology but were largely matched on environmental and social risk factors. These unique configurations provide a useful way to further parse clinically relevant subgroups within youth who meet criteria for childhood-onset CD, setting the stage for prospective longitudinal research using these latent profiles to better understand the development of youth with childhood-onset CD.

scholarly journals ANALISIS REGRESI LOGISTIK PENGARUH KEMAMPUAN VULVA HYGIENE TERHADAP WAKTU PENYEMBUHAN LUKA PERINEUM

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
Selvia Nurul Qomari
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Healing Time ◽  
Perineal Wounds ◽  
Wound Healing Time ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Vulva hygiene (perineal care) is an act of cleansing and nourishing the pubic / female area in post partum mothers especially those who experience perineal wounds. Based on a preliminary study in East Pademawu village, the working area of the Sopa'ah Community Health Center, it was found that the ability of post partum mothers to do vulva hygiene was still low. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the ability of vulva hygiene of a post partum mother on the healing time of perineal wounds. This type of research was a correlation study method, with a prospective longitudinal research design (cohort). The samples were all post partum mothers who had perineal rupture / injury in the village of East Pademawu, namely 30 respondents. The independent variable is vulva hygiene, the dependent variable is the healing time of the perineal wound. Vulva hygiene data was collected by giving questionnaires to post partum mothers, while the healing time of perineal wounds was collected using an observation sheet. Then a statistical test was carried out with Logistic Regression. The results of statistical tests with logistic regression showed that vulva hygiene can affect the length of wound healing time by 80.4%. While the significance value is 0,01 or <0.05 with the exponent value B is 0.407. That is, every increase in one unit of vulva hygiene ability can reduce the length of wound healing time by 0.407 days Based on the results of these studies, it is expected that the participation of health workers to further improve counseling in post partum mothers about vulva hygiene. In addition, it is expected that all post partum mothers are able to do vulva hygiene correctly

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