New polymer composites improve silty‐clay soil microstructure as evaluated by NMR

Conventional seedbed preparation is based on deep ploughing followed by lighter and finer secondary tillage of the superficial layer, normally performed by machines powered by the tractor’s Power Take-Off (PTO), which prepares the seedbed in a single pass. Conservation methods are based on a wide range of interventions, such as minimum or no-tillage, by means of machines with passive action working tools which require two or more passes The aim of this study was to assess both the power-energy requirements of conventional (power harrows and rotary tillers with different working width) and conservation implements (disks harrow and combined cultivator) and the soil tillage quality parameters, with reference to the capability of preparing an optimal seedbed for wheat planting. Field tests were carried out on flat, silty-clay soil, using instrumented tractors. The test results showed significant differences among the operative performances of the two typologies of machines powered by the tractor’s PTO: the fuel consumption, the power and the energy requirements of the rotary tillers are strongly higher than power harrows. However, the results also showed a decrease of these parameters proceeding from conventional to more conservation tillage implements. The better quality of seedbed was provided by the rotary tillers.

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Soil Texture Alters the Impact of Salinity on Carbon Mineralization

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11010128 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 128

Author(s):

Ruihuan She ◽

Yongxiang Yu ◽

Chaorong Ge ◽

Huaiying Yao

Keyword(s):

Soil Texture ◽

Clay Soil ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Microbial Community Composition ◽

Clay Content ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Silty Clay ◽

C Mineralization ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Silty Clay Soil

Soil salinization typically inhibits the ability of decomposer organisms to utilize soil organic matter, and an increase in soil clay content can mediate the negative effect of salinity on carbon (C) mineralization. However, the interactive effects of soil salt concentrations and properties on C mineralization remain uncertain. In this study, a laboratory experiment was performed to investigate the interactive effects of soil salt content (0.1%, 0.3%, 0.6% and 1.0%) and texture (sandy loam, sandy clay loam and silty clay soil with 6.0%, 23.9% and 40.6% clay content, respectively) on C mineralization and microbial community composition after cotton straw addition. With increasing soil salinity, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the three soils decreased, but the effect of soil salinity on the decomposition of soil organic carbon varied with soil texture. Cumulative CO2 emissions in the coarse-textured (sandy loam and sandy clay loam) soils were more affected by salinity than those in the fine-textured (silty clay) soil. This difference was probably due to the differing responses of labile and resistant organic compounds to salinity across different soil texture. Increased salinity decreased the decomposition of the stable C pool in the coarse-textured soil, by reducing the proportion of fungi to bacteria, whereas it decreased the mineralization of the active C pool in the fine-textured soil through decreasing the Gram-positive bacterial population. Overall, our results suggest that soil texture controlled the negative effect of salinity on C mineralization through regulating the soil microbial community composition.

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Analysis of 2,4-D Concentration in Silty Clay Soil Under Two Irrigation Regimes Using LEACHP and PRZM-3 Models

Journal of Water and Soil Science ◽

10.18869/acadpub.jstnar.19.74.7 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 19 (74) ◽

pp. 77-88 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. Noshadi ◽

S. Jamshidi ◽

F. Foroharfar ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clay Soil ◽

Silty Clay ◽

Irrigation Regimes ◽

Silty Clay Soil

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Contaminant migration in engineered clay barriers due to heat and moisture redistribution under freezing conditions

Canadian Geotechnical Journal ◽

10.1139/t95-004 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 40-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Abdel M.O. Mohamed ◽

Raymond N. Yong ◽

Miroslawa T. Mazus

Keyword(s):

Temperature Distribution ◽

Temperature Gradient ◽

Fluid Intake ◽

Clay Soil ◽

Soil Column ◽

Silty Clay ◽

Freezing Time ◽

Contaminant Migration ◽

Unfrozen Water Content ◽

Silty Clay Soil

In this study, the effect of temperature distribution and its influence on contaminant migration in a silty clay soil were examined. Three series of freezing-column tests were performed with three different fluids: distilled water, municipal waste leachate, and heavy metal – leachate solution. It was found that temperature distribution as a function of space and time was similar in all tests, most likely as a result of the limited amount of fluid intake. Moisture redistributions were varied as a function of experiment duration and the type of fluid used. The amount of fluid intake was directly related to the freezing time and the temperature gradient in the freezing column. The amount of unfrozen water content, ion concentration and temperature gradient were the controlling parameters that contributed to the contaminant transport in the frozen illitic silty clay soil. Na+-concentration profiles were mostly dependent on water movement in the soil column. The behaviour of Ca2+ and Mg2+ cations was similar to Na+; their concentrations in the soil solution decreased with freezing time due to ion exchange. The large accumulations of Pb2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, and Cd2+ in the lower 10 mm of the soil column occurred as a result of cation exchange and precipitation mechanisms. Key words : unsaturated, osmotic, diffusion, buffer, exchange, transport.

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Sunflower response to Boron supply when grown in a silty clay soil

Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.1016/j.jssas.2018.06.004 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 81-86

Author(s):

Dhassi Khalid ◽

Drissi Saad ◽

Makroum Kacem ◽

Nasreddine Fatima Ezzahra ◽

Amlal Fouad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clay Soil ◽

Silty Clay ◽

Silty Clay Soil

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Soil conditioners effects on hydraulic properties, leaching processes and denitrification on a silty-clay soil

The Science of The Total Environment ◽

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139342 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 733 ◽

pp. 139342 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nicolò Colombani ◽

Maria Pia Gervasio ◽

Giuseppe Castaldelli ◽

Micòl Mastrocicco

Keyword(s):

Hydraulic Properties ◽

Clay Soil ◽

Silty Clay ◽

Soil Conditioners ◽

Silty Clay Soil

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Protecting Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) from Fluometuron Injury with Seed Protectants

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500073148 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 408-411 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Billy R. Corbin ◽

Robert E. Frans

Keyword(s):

Growth Regulators ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Clay Soil ◽

Yield Reduction ◽

Silty Clay ◽

Silt Loam ◽

Chlormequat Chloride ◽

Mepiquat Chloride ◽

Loam Soil ◽

Silty Clay Soil

Field experiments were conducted in 1986 and 1987 to evaluate the potential of growth regulators mepiquat chloride and chlormequat chloride as seed treatments to protect cotton from fluometuron injury. Fluometuron at two and three times the recommended use rate reduced cotton stand and height on Taloka and Convent silt loam soils both years. Cotton grown on a Sharkey silty clay soil was not injured by fluometuron. Mepiquat chloride and chlormequat chloride increased cotton stands on a Taloka silt loam soil when averaged over rates and years. In general, fluometuron injury to cotton was not reduced by treating seed with 1000 ppmw concentrations of chlormequat chloride or mepiquat chloride. Chlormequat chloride reduced chlorosis and necrosis of cotton treated with fluometuron, but neither growth regulator eliminated cotton injury or yield reduction caused by fluometuron at two or three times the recommended rates.

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Release of Ammonia and Greenhouse Gases along Moisture Gradient from Manure and Urea Applied Fargo Silty Clay Soil

Applied Engineering in Agriculture ◽

10.13031/aea.12985 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 34 (6) ◽

pp. 939-952

Author(s):

Suresh Niraula ◽

Shafiqur Rahman ◽

Amitava Chatterjee

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Soil Moisture ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Clay Soil ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽

Water Holding Capacity ◽

Silty Clay ◽

Treated Soil ◽

Silty Clay Soil ◽

Water Holding

Abstract. Greenhouse gas (GHG) [nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane (CH4)] emission and ammonia (NH3) volatilization from organic and commercial fertilizers are likely related to soil moisture levels. Effect of soil moisture [(30%, 60%, and 90% water-holding capacity (WHC)] on emissions from urea and manure treated (215 kg ha-1) Fargo-Ryan silty clay soil was studied under laboratory conditions. Soils (250 g) amended with solid beef manure (SM), straw-bedded solid beef manure (BM), urea (UR), and control (CT) were incubated for 28 days at 22±1°C, to determine GHGs (N2O, CO2, and CH4) emission and NH3 volatilization loss. The cumulative emission of N2O-N, CO2-C, and CH4-C ranged from 27 to 4402 µg N2O-N kg-1, 272 to 2030 mg CO2-C kg-1, and 10.1 to 1389 µg CH4-C kg-1 soil, respectively. The daily fluxes and cumulative emissions of N2O and CO2 generally followed the decreasing order of 30% < 90% < 60% of WHC. At 60% WHC, 1.01% of the total applied N was lost as N2O from urea treated soil. Carbon dioxide emission from manure treated soil (SM and BM) was up to two times the emission from UR treated soils. The Fargo clay soils showed higher CH4 emission at 90% WHC level. The cumulative NH3 volatilization loss from soil ranged from 29.4 to 1250.5 µg NH3-N kg-1, with the highest loss from UR amended soils at 30% WHC. These results suggest that gaseous emissions from manure and urea application under laboratory study are influenced by moisture levels of Fargo-Ryan silty clay soil. Keywords: Beef manure, Greenhouse gas, Soil water, Urea, Water holding capacity.

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