Personality and absenteeism: a meta‐analysis of integrity tests

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. S19-S38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deniz S. Ones ◽  
Chockalingam Viswesvaran ◽  
Frank L. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Personnel Selection ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Job Applicants ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Focus ◽  
Organizational Variables ◽  
Integrity Tests

Until recently, research focus has been on a variety of demographic, attitudinal, and organizational variables in predicting and explaining absenteeism. If personality traits predict absenteeism, then it may be possible to use measures of these traits to identify and select job applicants and thereby reduce absenteeism rates. In this research, our goal was to examine whether integrity tests could be used to predict absenteeism. Meta‐analysis was applied to studies of the validity of pre‐employment integrity tests for predicting voluntary absenteeism. Twenty‐eight studies based on a total sample of 13 972 were meta‐analysed. The estimated mean predictive validity of personality‐based integrity tests was 0.33. This operational validity generalized across various predictor scales, organizations, settings, and jobs (SDρ = 0.00). Overt integrity tests, however, showed much lower predictive validity for absenteeism and greater variability than personality‐based tests (ρ = 0.09; SDρ = 0.16). The results indicate that a personnel selection approach to reducing absenteeism in organizations may be a useful strategy, particularly if personality‐based integrity tests are utilized. Potential explanations for differences between these results and those found for Big Five measures of personality are offered. Future research investigating models of absenteeism should incorporate the personality constructs assessed by integrity tests. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Mental Illness Symptoms in Spain in the COVID-19 Crisis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Z. Chen ◽  
Stephen X. Zhang ◽  
Wen Xu ◽  
Allen Yin ◽  
Rebecca Kechen Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
General Population ◽  
Adult Students ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms

AbstractObjectiveThis paper systematically reviews and assesses the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and insomnia symptoms in the general population, frontline healthcare workers (HCWs), and adult students in Spain during the COVID-19 crisis.Data sourcesArticles in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and medRxiv from March 2020 to February 6, 2021.ResultsThe pooled prevalence of anxiety symptoms in 23 studies comprising a total sample of 85,560 was 20% (95% CI: 15% - 25%, I2 = 99.9%), that of depression symptoms in 23 articles with a total sample comprising of 86,469 individuals was 23% (95% CI: 18% - 28%, I2 = 99.8%), and that of insomnia symptoms in 4 articles with a total sample of 915 were 52% (95% CI: 42-64%, I2 = 88.9%). The overall prevalence of mental illness symptoms in frontline HCWs, general population, and students in Spain are 42%, 19%, and 50%, respectively.DiscussionThe accumulative evidence from the meta-analysis reveals that adults in Spain suffered higher prevalence rates of mental illness symptoms during the COVID-19 crisis with a significantly higher rate relative to other countries such as China. Our synthesis reveals high heterogeneity, varying prevalence rates and a relative lack of studies in frontline and general HCWs in Spain, calling future research and interventions to pay attention to those gaps to help inform evidence-based mental health policymaking and practice in Spain during the continuing COVID-19 crisis. The high prevalence rates call for preventative and prioritization measures of the mental illness symptoms during the Covid-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Laboratory aggression and personality traits: A meta-analytic review

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtland Hyatt ◽  
Amos Zeichner ◽  
Josh Miller
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Precise Measurement ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Methodological Rigor ◽  
Analytic Review

Among operationalizations of aggression, laboratory paradigms are unique in that they permit precise measurement of aggression while controlling for many possible confounds (e.g., levels of provocation). In the current undertaking, we conducted a meta-analysis of the relations between laboratory aggression and trait-based personality constructs thought to be among the most robust and consistent predictors of lab aggression, including traits from the predominant model of general personality (Big Five/Five Factor Model [FFM]), as well as personality disorder constructs including psychopathy, narcissism, and sadism. Our search yielded 54 usable studies containing 123 effect sizes. Random-effects models suggest that psychopathy, narcissism, sadism, and low FFM Agreeableness are significant predictors of laboratory aggression with small to moderate effect sizes. Impulsivity and FFM Openness also showed significant relations, though they were smaller in magnitude. Thus, traits related to aggression outside of the laboratory also appear to be related to aggression in the laboratory. Suggestions are made for future research in this area, including an emphasis on causal mechanisms and methodological rigor.

Instrumenten om Personeel te Selecteren in de 21ste Eeuw:

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip Lievens ◽  
Britt De Soete
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Personnel Selection ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Situational Judgment Tests ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Integrity Tests ◽  
Contemporary Practice ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Key Questions

Instruments for Personnel Selection in the 21st Century: Research and Practice Instruments for Personnel Selection in the 21st Century: Research and Practice This article presents an evidence-based overview of innovative selection techniques that were developed in the last years to provide an answer to key questions concerning the contemporary practice of selection. In addition, we aim to point out gaps in the current knowledge about these novel techniques to guide future research. The article shows that innovative selection instruments such as conditional reasoning tests, integrity tests, and implicit association tests might offer opportunities to measure value-based competencies, and maladaptive traits. Furthermore, contextualized personality questionnaires, business-related intelligence tests, situational judgment tests, and so-called serious games enable organizations to improve their image, which creates branding opportunities to promote the company as an attractive employer. Finally, we conclude by stating that practitioners and researchers face numerous selection challenges. Examples are the selection of a diverse as well as competent workforce and the reliable and valid implementation of unproctored Internet testing.

Validation of the multicultural personality questionnaire in the context of personnel selection

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. S77-S100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen I. van der Zee ◽  
Jac N. Zaal ◽  
Jantien Piekstra
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Personnel Selection ◽  
Vocational Interests ◽  
Job Applicants ◽  
Incremental Validity ◽  
Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Social Initiative ◽  
Cultural Empathy ◽  
Multicultural Personality ◽  
Five Factors

The present data provide support for the reliability of the Multicultural Personality Questionnaire among a sample of job applicants (n=264). Factor analysis confirmed five factors: Cultural Empathy, Open‐Mindedness, Social Initiative, Flexibility, and Emotional Stability. Moreover, the data largely support the construct validity of the MPQ. Correlations with the Big Five were in the expected direction, and as predicted, Cultural Empathy and Social Initiative were both positively related to socially oriented vocational interests and Flexibility to artistic interests. Against our predictions, Cultural Empathy, Open‐Mindedness, and Flexibility appeared to be related to verbal intelligence. A comparable pattern of relations of the Big Five with intelligence and vocational interests was found. Finally, the MPQ scales predicted variance in an indicator of overall behaviour above the Big Five, supporting its incremental validity. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

scholarly journals Age and Workplace Deviance: A Meta-Analytic Test of Two Mediating Mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Luca Pletzer ◽  
Janneke Karina Oostrom ◽  
Sven C. Voelpel
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Workplace Deviance ◽  
Personality Change ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Mediating Mechanisms ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

In the current meta-analysis, we examine the relation between age and workplace deviance, and find a small but significant negative correlation (rho = -.092, k = 198). More importantly, we test two complementary mechanisms to help explain this relation. Specifically, based on the neo-socioanalytical model of personality change, we hypothesized that those Big Five personality domains that change with age and trait negative affect would mediate this relation. These hypotheses were supported, as the Big Five traits conscientiousness, agreeableness, and neuroticism, as well as trait negative affect simultaneously mediated the negative relation between age and workplace deviance. These findings highlight two important underlying mechanisms for this relation and suggest several opportunities for organizations to reduce the occurrence of workplace deviance. Further theoretical and practical implications as well as limitations and future research ideas are discussed.

scholarly journals Inclusive Education of Students With General Learning Difficulties: A Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 003465432199807
Author(s):  
Sonja Krämer ◽  
Jens Möller ◽  
Friederike Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Learning Difficulties ◽  
Psychosocial Outcomes ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Education Of Students ◽  
Positive Effect

This article presents a meta-analysis on cognitive (e.g., academic performance) and psychosocial outcomes (e.g., self-concept, well-being) among students with general learning difficulties and their peers without learning difficulties in inclusive versus segregated educational settings. In total, we meta-analyzed k = 40 studies with 428 effect sizes and a total sample of N = 11,987 students. We found a significant small to medium positive effect for cognitive outcomes of students with general learning difficulties in inclusive versus segregated settings ( d = 0.35) and no effect on psychosocial outcomes ( d = 0.00). Students without general learning difficulties did not differ cognitively ( d = −0.14) or psychosocially ( d = 0.06) from their counterparts in segregated settings. We examined several moderators (e.g., design, diagnosis, type of outcome). We discuss possible selection effects as well as implications for future research and practice.

scholarly journals Levels of Reading Comprehension in Higher Education: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina de-la-Peña ◽  
María Jesús Luque-Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
University Students ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Future Research

Higher education aims for university students to produce knowledge from the critical reflection of scientific texts. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a deep mental representation of written information. The objective of this research was to determine through a systematic review and meta-analysis the proportion of university students who have an optimal performance at each level of reading comprehension. Systematic review of empirical studies has been limited from 2010 to March 2021 using the Web of Science, Scopus, Medline, and PsycINFO databases. Two reviewers performed data extraction independently. A random-effects model of proportions was used for the meta-analysis and heterogeneity was assessed with I2. To analyze the influence of moderating variables, meta-regression was used and two ways were used to study publication bias. Seven articles were identified with a total sample of the seven of 1,044. The proportion of students at the literal level was 56% (95% CI = 39–72%, I2 = 96.3%), inferential level 33% (95% CI = 19–46%, I2 = 95.2%), critical level 22% (95% CI = 9–35%, I2 = 99.04%), and organizational level 22% (95% CI = 6–37%, I2 = 99.67%). Comparing reading comprehension levels, there is a significant higher proportion of university students who have an optimal level of literal compared to the rest of the reading comprehension levels. The results have to be interpreted with caution but are a guide for future research.

The Panel Interview: A Review of Empirical Research and Guidelines for Practice

2002 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlene Dixon ◽  
Sheng Wang ◽  
Jennifer Calvin ◽  
Brian Dineen ◽  
Edward Tomlinson
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Personnel Selection ◽  
Psychometric Property ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Question Type ◽  
Combination Method ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Practical Implications

After over 50 years of research, the panel interview remains an important yet controversial tool for personnel selection. Previous narrative and meta-analytic reviews have yielded conflicting results concerning its reliability and predictive validity. Furthermore, no review has focused exclusively on the panel interview. By examining the features and psychometric property of the panel interview, we can not only add to the scholarly literature but also determine important, research-based applications for the practitioner. We have derived an eight-step panel interview procedure from previous research. Utilizing this procedure as an organizing framework, this review highlights various features of the panel interview including: setting, structure and scoring anchors, question type, training, and rating combination method. Each of these features is discussed in terms of interview trends and in relation to reliability and validity. Practical implications and directions for future research also are addressed.

scholarly journals Personality and team performance: a meta‐analysis

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 377-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miranda A. G. Peeters ◽  
Harrie F. J. M. van Tuijl ◽  
Christel G. Rutte ◽  
Isabelle M. M. J. Reymen
Keyword(s):  
Team Performance ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Analytical Procedure ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Big Five Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Team Composition ◽  
Student Teams ◽  
The Relationship

Using a meta‐analytical procedure, the relationship between team composition in terms of the Big‐Five personality traits (trait elevation and variability) and team performance were researched. The number of teams upon which analyses were performed ranged from 106 to 527. For the total sample, significant effects were found for elevation in agreeableness (ρ = 0.24) and conscientiousness (ρ = 0.20), and for variability in agreeableness (ρ = −0.12) and conscientiousness (ρ = −0.24). Moderation by type of team was tested for professional teams versus student teams. Moderation results for agreeableness and conscientiousness were in line with the total sample results. However, student and professional teams differed in effects for emotional stability and openness to experience. Based on these results, suggestions for future team composition research are presented. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

scholarly journals Conceptual replication and extension of the relation between the number line estimation task and mathematical competence across seven studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexa Ellis ◽  
María Inés Susperreguy ◽  
David J. Purpura ◽  
Pamela E. Davis-Kean
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Number Line ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mathematical Competence ◽  
Developmental Progression ◽  
Number Line Estimation ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Diagnostic Importance ◽  
Poor Stability

A recent meta-analysis demonstrated the overall correlation between the number line estimation (NLE) task and children’s mathematical competence was r = .44 (positively recoded), and this relation increased with age. The goal of the current study was to conceptually replicate and extend these results by further synthesizing this correlation utilizing studies not present in the meta-analysis. Across seven studies, 954 participants, ranging from 3 to 11 years old (Age M = 6.02 years, SD = 1.57), the overall estimation-competence correlations were similar to those of the meta-analysis and ranged from r = −.40 to −.35. The current conceptual replication demonstrated that the meta-analysis captured a stable overall relation between performance on the NLE task and mathematical competence. However, the current study failed to replicate the same moderation of age group presented in the meta-analysis. Furthermore, the current study extended results by assessing the stability and predictive validity of the NLE task while controlling for covariates. Results suggested that the NLE task demonstrated poor stability and predictive validity in the seven samples present in this study. Thus, although concurrent relations replicated, the differential age moderation, lack of stability, and lack of predictive validity in these studies require a more nuanced approach to understanding the utility of the NLE task. Future research should focus on understanding the connection between children’s developmental progression and NLE measurement before further investigating the predictive and diagnostic importance of the task for broader mathematical competence.

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