The fate of chlorpyrifos-methyl in stored wheat: A comparison of a laboratory-scale experiment with a pilot-scale treatment

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy A. Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Stored Wheat ◽  
Scale Experiment

Gravel Media Filtration as a Constructed Wetland Component for the Reduction of Suspended Solids from Maturation Pond Effluent

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 55-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Sapkota ◽  
H. J. Bavor
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Media Component ◽  
Scale Experiment

Experiments were carried out in a horizontal gravel media filter (GMF) with media size ranging from 5-40 mm. Such gravel-based, sub-surface flow units have been used in both planted and unplanted formats in a range of constructed wetland systems. This GMF was subjected to various hydraulic application rates ranging from 1 m3/(m2.d) to 36 m3/(m2.d) over a twc-year period. The range of suspended solids (SS) concentration was 2-36 mg/l and that of turbidity (NTU) was 3-44 during the experimental period. The average removal of suspended solids varied from 30-86%. It was observed that SS was reduced by a maximum of 86% at an application rate of 13m3/(m2.d), within the above noted SS range. An additional laboratory scale experiment was carried out with artificially grown algae in a vertical perspex tube of 190 mm inner diameter (I.D.) in upward flow condition. Results from the laboratory scale and pilot scale experiments are presented and discussed. The study demonstrates that a constructed wetland format with a subsurface flow and horizontal gravel media component could be used as an alternative method for reducing suspended solids from maturation pond effluent

Application of Talcum Powder as Filler in the Production of Base Sheet of Paper-Process Reconstituted Tobacco

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 1164-1168
Author(s):  
Liang Wang ◽  
Feng Lan Wang ◽  
Yao Mao ◽  
Yuan Jun Yao ◽  
Yang Bing Wen
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Final Evaluation ◽  
Absorption Characteristic ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Talcum Powder ◽  
Liquid Absorption ◽  
Scale Experiment

The application of talcum powder (TP) as filler in the production of base sheet of paper-process reconstituted tobacco were studied both by laboratory scale experiment and pilot scale trial. The results showed that using TP as filler of the base sheet obviously improved the ash content and liquid absorption characteristic of the base sheet compared with using precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC). Meanwhile, the smoking qualities of the base sheets were evaluated by the tobacco experts and the final evaluation results showed that the base sheet with TP had better smoking quality.

Hydrolysis of organic wastewater particles in laboratory scale and pilot scale biofilm reactors under anoxic and aerobic conditions

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 179-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Janning ◽  
X. Le Tallec ◽  
P. Harremoës
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Aerobic Conditions ◽  
Biofilm Reactors ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Hydrolysis and degradation of particulate organic matter has been isolated and investigated in laboratory scale and pilot scale biofilters. Wastewater was supplied to biofilm reactors in order to accumulate particulates from wastewater in the filter. When synthetic wastewater with no organic matter was supplied to the reactors, hydrolysis of the particulates was the only process occurring. Results from the laboratory scale experiments under aerobic conditions with pre-settled wastewater show that the initial removal rate is high: rV, O2 = 2.1 kg O2/(m3 d) though fast declining towards a much slower rate. A mass balance of carbon (TOC/TIC) shows that only 10% of the accumulated TOC was transformed to TIC during the 12 hour long experiment. The pilot scale hydrolysis experiment was performed in a new type of biofilm reactor - the B2A® biofilter that is characterised by a series of decreasing sized granular media (80-2.5 mm). When hydrolysis experiments were performed on the anoxic pilot biofilter with pre-screened wastewater particulates as carbon source, a rapid (rV, NO3=0.7 kg NO3-N/(m3 d)) and a slowler (rV, NO3 = 0.3 kg NO3-N/(m3 d)) removal rate were observed at an oxygen concentration of 3.5 mg O2/l. It was found that the pilot biofilter could retain significant amounts of particulate organic matter, reducing the porosity of the filter media of an average from 0.35 to 0.11. A mass balance of carbon shows that up to 40% of the total incoming TOC accumulates in the filter at high flow rates. Only up to 15% of the accumulated TOC was transformed to TIC during the 24 hour long experiment.

scholarly journals Investigation of Co–Fe–Al Catalysts for High-Calorific Synthetic Natural Gas Production: Pilot-Scale Synthesis of Catalysts

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Tae Young Kim ◽  
Seong Bin Jo ◽  
Jin Hyeok Woo ◽  
Jong Heon Lee ◽  
Ragupathy Dhanusuraman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Spinel Phase ◽  
Space Velocity ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Synthetic Natural Gas ◽  
Co Conversion ◽  
Ft Ir

Co–Fe–Al catalysts prepared using coprecipitation at laboratory scale were investigated and extended to pilot scale for high-calorific synthetic natural gas. The Co–Fe–Al catalysts with different metal loadings were analyzed using BET, XRD, H2-TPR, and FT-IR. An increase in the metal loading of the Co–Fe–Al catalysts showed low spinel phase ratio, leading to an improvement in reducibility. Among the catalysts, 40CFAl catalyst prepared at laboratory scale afforded the highest C2–C4 hydrocarbon time yield, and this catalyst was successfully reproduced at the pilot scale. The pelletized catalyst prepared at pilot scale showed high CO conversion (87.6%), high light hydrocarbon selectivity (CH4 59.3% and C2–C4 18.8%), and low byproduct amounts (C5+: 4.1% and CO2: 17.8%) under optimum conditions (space velocity: 4000 mL/g/h, 350 °C, and 20 bar).

Assessment of clogging in constructed wetlands by saturated hydraulic conductivity measurements

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Licciardello ◽  
R. Aiello ◽  
V. Alagna ◽  
M. Iovino ◽  
D. Ventura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Conductivity Measurements ◽  
Multiple Spatial Scales ◽  
Ks Values

Abstract This study aims at defining a methodology to evaluate Ks reductions of gravel material constituting constructed wetland (CW) bed matrices. Several schemes and equations for the Lefranc's test were compared by using different gravel sizes and at multiple spatial scales. The falling-head test method was implemented by using two steel permeameters: one impervious (IMP) and one pervious (P) on one side. At laboratory scale, mean K values for a small size gravel (8–15 × 10−2 m) measured by the IMP and the P permeameters were equal to 19,466 m/d and 30,662 m/d, respectively. Mean Ks values for a big size gravel (10–25 × 10−2 m) measured by the IMP and the P permeameters were equal to 12,135 m/d and 20,866 m/d, respectively. Comparison of Ks values obtained by the two permeameters at laboratory scale as well as a sensitivity analysis and a calibration, lead to the modification of the standpipe equation, to evaluate also the temporal variation of the horizontal Ks. In particular, both permeameters allow the evaluation of the Ks decreasing after 4 years-operation and 1–1.5 years' operation of the plants at full scale (filled with the small size gravel) and at pilot scale (filled with the big size gravel), respectively.

Experimental Study on Utilization FGD Byproducts in Building Bricks

2010 ◽  
Vol 150-151 ◽  
pp. 753-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiong Hao Li ◽  
Yong Jie Xue ◽  
Min Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Optimum Design ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Mixture Composition ◽  
Technical Requirement ◽  
Do No Harm ◽  
Maximum Compressive Strength ◽  
Scale Experiment

This paper discussed the feasibility of unburned and non-autoclaved, steam cured bricks prepared by FGD byproducts from coal-fired power plants. The results show that FGD byproduct, aggregates, cementious materials and water could be used to prepare bricks during the process of stir and compaction under natural cure and steam cured condition. S4 and Z2 are the optimum design mixture composition. The maximum compressive strength and saturation coefficient are 28.7 MPa and 96.7%. FGD byproducts do no harm to environment and a pilot-scale experiment demonstrates that bricks made with FGDA can meet the MU10 level bricks technical requirement.

scholarly journals Effect of Injection Flow Rate on Product Gas Quality in Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) Based on Laboratory Scale Experiment: Development of Co-Axial UCG System

Energies ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihiro Hamanaka ◽  
Fa-qiang Su ◽  
Ken-ichi Itakura ◽  
Kazuhiro Takahashi ◽  
Jun-ichi Kodama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Underground Coal Gasification ◽  
Injection Flow Rate ◽  
Injection Flow ◽  
Product Gas ◽  
Scale Experiment

scholarly journals Au@CoS-BiVO4 {010} Constructed for Visible-Light-Assisted Peroxymonosulfate Activation

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1414
Author(s):  
Yekun Ji ◽  
Ye Zhou ◽  
Jinnan Wang ◽  
Aimin Li ◽  
Weilin Bian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Charge Separation ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Light Response ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Sulfate Radical ◽  
Radical Trapping ◽  
Visible Light Response ◽  
Photogenerated Electrons ◽  
Scale Experiment

A visible-light-Fenton-like reaction system was constructed for the selective conversion of peroxymonosulfate to sulfate radical. Au@CoS, when doped on monoclinic BiVO4 {010} facets, promoted spatial charge separation due to the different energy band between the m-BiVO4 {010} and {110} facets. The visible-light response of m-BiVO4 was enhanced, which was attributed to the SPR effect of Au. And the photogenerated electrons were transferred from the m-BiVO4 {010} facet to Au via a Schottky junction. Owing to higher work function, CoS was able to capture these photoelectrons with acceleration of the Co(Ⅱ)/Co(Ⅲ) redox, enhancing peroxymonosulfate conversion to sulfate radical (Co2+ + HSO5−→ Co3+ + •SO4− + OH−). On the other hand, holes accumulated on m-BiVO4 {110} facets also contributed to organics oxidation. Thus, more than 95% of RhB was degraded within 40 min, and, even after five cycles, over 80% of RhB could be removed. The radical trapping experiments and EPR confirmed that both the sulfate radical and photogenerated hole were the main species for organics degradation. UV-vis DRS, photoluminescence (PL) and photoelectrochemical analyses also confirmed the enhancement of the visible-light response and charge separation. In a pilot scale experiment (PMS = 3 mM, initial TOC = 151 mg/L, reaction time = 4 h), CoS-Au-BiVO4 loaded on glass fiber showed a high mineralization rate (>60%) of practical wastewater.

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