Negotiating the Slope: Prefabricated Hillside Dwellings Meet Nordic Influence

<p>In Wellington we are faced with the difficult task of building on our undulating topography. It does however offer inhabitants stunning vistas and to architects the rare opportunity to explore new ways of building, generating distinctive typologies. However, it is questionable whether a bespoke construction method is the most appropriate means for building houses on hillsides in present times. Prefabrication has been a prevalent housing construction method in Scandinavia and for many years and offers a number of advantages, particularly to difficult sites (Smith 255). It is emerging as an option for housing in New Zealand but faces significant problems when confronted with sloped topography (Rouillard 137). The prefabrication movement has become synonymous with the stylistic outcome of modernist detached dwellings, and while this marriage may be an outgrowth of intention rather than a technical requirement, challenging the rectilinear is relatively unheard of (Smith 251). The stylistic concerns embedded by fanciers of 50’s modernism are inherent to the representation of manufactured housing (Smith 251). For prefabrication to become popular in present day society misconceptions regarding stylistic limitations must be resolved. Residential architecture has the potential to shape our architectural identity more significantly than civic buildings. I propose this because we form a closer relationship to ‘home,’ and as a typology they cover a significant proportion of our landscape. To understand how to form an architectural response in the context of Wellington, I looked to contemporary Norwegian architecture which demonstrates contextualising architecture to the landscape. The stylistic character of Norwegian design, and parallels which made their principles applicable to New Zealand, were additional incentives for this focus. This thesis is broken into four parts; background research, design explorations, design discussions and conclusion. In background research, I establish parameters for constructing houses on hill sites. Technical limitations are presented and a range of hillside typologies are identified. Prefabricated systems internationally offered are documented accompanied by the technologies available specifically in New Zealand. The design exploration section illustrates two designs which explore how a hillside typology can be augmented with a prefabricated system. Each is assessed in relation to response to topography and adaptation of Norwegian ideologies. The design discussion revolves around a hillside development of five residential structures and their interconnectivity. Leading into the discussion is a detailed analysis of the prefabrication system implemented, and the modifications to that system which were tested through design. Here, the construction sequence is mapped. This is followed by an architectural discussion on site, access, planning and materials. The conclusions drawn in the final section tie together all these elements.</p>

Negotiating the Slope: Prefabricated Hillside Dwellings Meet Nordic Influence

<p>In Wellington we are faced with the difficult task of building on our undulating topography. It does however offer inhabitants stunning vistas and to architects the rare opportunity to explore new ways of building, generating distinctive typologies. However, it is questionable whether a bespoke construction method is the most appropriate means for building houses on hillsides in present times. Prefabrication has been a prevalent housing construction method in Scandinavia and for many years and offers a number of advantages, particularly to difficult sites (Smith 255). It is emerging as an option for housing in New Zealand but faces significant problems when confronted with sloped topography (Rouillard 137). The prefabrication movement has become synonymous with the stylistic outcome of modernist detached dwellings, and while this marriage may be an outgrowth of intention rather than a technical requirement, challenging the rectilinear is relatively unheard of (Smith 251). The stylistic concerns embedded by fanciers of 50’s modernism are inherent to the representation of manufactured housing (Smith 251). For prefabrication to become popular in present day society misconceptions regarding stylistic limitations must be resolved. Residential architecture has the potential to shape our architectural identity more significantly than civic buildings. I propose this because we form a closer relationship to ‘home,’ and as a typology they cover a significant proportion of our landscape. To understand how to form an architectural response in the context of Wellington, I looked to contemporary Norwegian architecture which demonstrates contextualising architecture to the landscape. The stylistic character of Norwegian design, and parallels which made their principles applicable to New Zealand, were additional incentives for this focus. This thesis is broken into four parts; background research, design explorations, design discussions and conclusion. In background research, I establish parameters for constructing houses on hill sites. Technical limitations are presented and a range of hillside typologies are identified. Prefabricated systems internationally offered are documented accompanied by the technologies available specifically in New Zealand. The design exploration section illustrates two designs which explore how a hillside typology can be augmented with a prefabricated system. Each is assessed in relation to response to topography and adaptation of Norwegian ideologies. The design discussion revolves around a hillside development of five residential structures and their interconnectivity. Leading into the discussion is a detailed analysis of the prefabrication system implemented, and the modifications to that system which were tested through design. Here, the construction sequence is mapped. This is followed by an architectural discussion on site, access, planning and materials. The conclusions drawn in the final section tie together all these elements.</p>

Coal blending selection for CFPP fuel with slagging fouling prediction and procurement cost calculation

Most coal-fired power plants in Indonesia use medium and low-rank coal due to coal availability in the domestic coal market. Because of technical and economic reasons, single coal as fuel is rarely used in coal-fired power plants. Therefore the coal blending method is used. Here, the most dominant technical requirement of a coal-fired power plant is the calorific value and potential of slagging and fouling. For this reason, a selection method that involves the technical aspect of coal and coal procurement cost is carried out. This study found that from 42 types of alternative coal blend made, 18 types fulfill the potential of slagging and fouling criteria. 12 type coal blends could be prioritized as the main alternative because they fulfilled all technical aspects and coal procurement costs. The conclusion obtained from this study is the completion of the search for alternative coal blends based on technical aspects, especially slagging and fouling and procurement cost, to effectively obtain blending priority. This method can be developed for different coal-fired power plant technology and operation condition.

ANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR LIMIT OF N-NITROSODIMETHYLAMINE BY LC-MS/MS OF EMPAGLIFLOZIN, LINAGLIPTIN AND METFORMIN HCL EXTENDED-RELEASE TABLETS

As a result of the devotion of The Limit of N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), a rapid and selective LC/MS/MS technique was created and validated for Empagliflozin, Linagliptin, and Metformin Hydrochloride Extended-Release Tablets. The ionization mode of Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) was used with high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrophotometry (LC-MS/MS). Separation of N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) was performed on Inertsil ODS-4 (250 mm X 4.6 mm), 5μm column with a run time of 40 minutes. A mixture of Methanol and Buffer solution (630 mg of ammonium format into 1000 mL of purified water) in the ratio of (10:90, v/v) was used as the mobile phase A. A mixture of acetonitrile and methanol comprised the mobile phase B in the ratio of (50:50) % v/v. Analytes were extracted from Empagliflozin, Linagliptin, and Metformin Hydrochloride Extended-Release Tablets. According to the International council for Harmonization of technical requirement for Pharmaceuticals for Human Uses (ICH) standards, the accuracy, precision, selectivity, recovery, and stability of the method have been validated. Over a concentration range of 0.4 -3.6 ng/mL, the technique exhibited linearity. for N- Nitrosodimethylamine of Empagliflozin, Linagliptin, and Metformin Hydrochloride Extended-Release Tablets with an acceptable correlation coefficient applies (1/X2) linear regression with weights A pharmaceutical study can benefit from this method because it is simple, fast, precise, and accurate, making it ideal for pharmaceutical research.

Public Control as a Tool of Combating Unfair Competition in the Sphere of Public Procurement

In this article discussed basic concept of Russian public procurement. Also stated the problem of monopsony byer power during tendering procedures or unfair competition in the sphere of public procurement. This happenes when byer sets restricting parameters on technical requirement documents for tendering objects. Accordingly, in the authors’ view the most effective way of counteracting this problem is public control. This article contains results of the survey that was made during the research that suggest an almost direct correlation between nominal saving and number of complaints filed against the organizer of public procurement procedures. Moreover, this article contains overview on the Russian public control institution. The article ends with a authors idea of efficient in combating monopsony byer power in public procurement by creating a special internet service for filling complaints and suggestions of public procurement stakeholders. This data hub will increase efficiency of interaction between stakeholders, organizers and government.

Selection of marine type air compressor by using fuzzy VIKOR methodology

Ships have to maintain many auxiliary machineries with high power consumption, and these machineries generally run continuously for long hours. One of the auxiliary machineries that consume a lot of power in ships is the air compressor. These air compressors are especially important as they are used at the start of the main engine and generator diesel engines. Therefore, a suitable selection of these compressors is vital, in terms of technical requirement, energy efficiency, and cost effectiveness. The main focus of this study is to decide the optimum compressor in terms of all technical and operational criteria. In this context, using the fuzzy VIKOR method, five different and worldwide known compressor brands are listed in terms of selection by evaluating seven different and important criteria. These criteria were evaluated by five experts working as technical directors in shipping companies without being informed of each other. Briefly, this study aims to assist shipping companies in choosing the optimal compressor to suit their primary operating goals, considering the navigating routes and conditions of commercial ships. We believe that it is possible to close this gap in the literature and to select the optimum compressor according to the technical and operational needs.

Modular Timber Gridshells

Needs of considering environmental impacts and growing emphasise on using renewable resources is discussed also in the field of architecture and construction. Timber, as a key element, provides certain benefits with less negative environmental impact than non-renewable resources, represented by commonly used materials (e.g. concrete). Nevertheless, using the timber as a core element for constructing of multi-storey or large hall buildings can be more difficult due to limits of the wood. New task for architects and engineers therefore arises and the target is to come up with a feasible solution for using the timber as a core material, despite its features. One of the key requirements for wide use of load bearing timber structure systems is “modularity”. Many different forms of structures can be achieved by repeating the basic module to fulfil architect’s intentions. This article focuses on a large-span structure, based on gridshell type systems. Such modules could be simply prefabricated and connected to another module. Modules can be pretty small, which contributes to easy and cost-effective transportation. Nevertheless, technical requirement and limitation of such modules needs to be taken into consideration. Problems come up with using the same universal element in parts of structure with different character of load and stress. Also, universal element should fulfil various space and form requirements set by architect. Suggested construction system is based on “fractality”. The goal of the system is to fulfil requirement of final structure and space requirements by replacing the standard module by a predetermined number of sub-modules. Structure is then denser in exposed areas and sparser in others. Design module is than expected to be tested and put into practice for wide usage in construction projects where wood is desired as the core material.

No-Idle Flowshop Scheduling for Energy-Efficient Production: An Improved Optimization Framework

Production environment in modern industries, like integrated circuits manufacturing, fiberglass processing, steelmaking, and ceramic frit, is characterized by zero idle-time between inbound and outbound jobs on every machine; this technical requirement improves energy efficiency, hence, has implications for cleaner production in other production situations. An exhaustive review of literature is first conducted to shed light on the development of no-idle flowshops. Considering the intractable nature of the problem, this research also develops an extended solution method for optimizing the Bi-objective No-Idle Permutation Flowshop Scheduling Problem (BNIPFSP). Extensive numerical tests and statistical analysis are conducted to evaluate the developed method, comparing it with the best-performing algorithm developed to solve the BNIPFSP. Overall, the proposed extension outperforms in terms of solution quality at the expense of a longer computational time. This research is concluded by providing suggestions for the future development of this understudied scheduling extension.

Behavior of high-modulus asphalt mixtures from the perspective of deformation characteristics (stiffness)

High modulus asphalt concrete (HMAC) presents a concept of an asphalt mixture with advanced performance which is suitable mainly for heavy loaded pavement structures. The mix concept was developed more than 25 years ago in France and became a standard in many countries. In the Czech Republic this type of asphalt mixtures is used since the early years of this millennium, when original technical requirements have been set. After almost 20 years a volunteer technical assessment started to validate whether the technical requirement set mainly for stiffness values and partly also for flexural strength or resistance to crack propagation are still up-to-date or if some reasonable modification is needed like was done several years ago in France when high modulus asphalt concrete of so called EME II or GP5 generation were brought to the practice. Based on this a study with focus on stiffness determination for more than 40 different HMACs was started. The stiffness was tested at different temperatures. At the same time virgin and aged asphalt mixtures were compared. Results from this study are presented by the paper.

DESAIN KUALITAS JASA PENGIRIMAN PADA PT. X DENGAN PENDEKATAN HOUSE OF QUALITY

Desain jasa bertujuan agar jasa yang ditawarkan dapat memenuhi harapan pelanggan. Salah satu alat yang dapat digunakan dalam desain jasa adalah Quality Function Deploy Service design is intended so that the services offered can meet customer expectations. One of the tools that can be used in service design is Quality Function Deployment with the House of Quality, which connects customer desires and the company's ability to respond to them, besides knowing the company's position in competition. The study population are all customers of PT. X and its competitors with 115 people as samples through purposive sampling. Results show PT. X has not been able to fulfill customer wants or needs properly, seen from the gap between level of interest and the level of company performance. There are 7 service indicators that become customer needs or customer requirements and 7 technical requirements, although the difference is not that far, position of PT. X is still below its competitors and needs improvement to increase customer satisfaction. Keywords: Design services, QFD, House of Quality ment dengan House of Quality, yang menghubungkan keinginan pelanggan dan kemampuan perusahaan dalam menanggapinya, selain itu dapat mengetahui posisi perusahaan dalam persaingan. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh pelanggan PT. X dan pesaingnya dengan sampel sebanyak 115 responden menggunakan purposive sampling. Hasil menunjukkan PT. X belum mampu memenuhi keinginan atau kebutuhan pelanggan dengan baik dilihat dari adanya gap antara tingkat kepentingan dengan tingkat kinerja perusahaan. Terdapat 7 indikator pelayanan jasa yang menjadi kebutuhan pelanggan atau customer requirement dan 7 technical requirement, walaupun perbedaanya tidak jauh namun posisi PT. X masih dibawah pesaingnya dan membutuhkan perbaikan untuk meningkatkan kepuasan pelanggan.