Changes in cytokine levels after prolonged and repeated moderate intensity exercise in middle-aged men and women

Abstract Paired associative stimulation (PAS) can induce plasticity in the motor cortex, as measured by changes in corticospinal excitability (CSE). This effect is attenuated in older and less active individuals. Although a single bout of exercise enhances PAS-induced plasticity in young, physically inactive adults, it is not yet known if physical activity interventions affect PAS-induced neuroplasticity in middle-aged inactive individuals. Sixteen inactive middle-aged office workers participated in a randomized cross-over design investigating how CSE and short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) were affected by PAS preceded by 3 h of sitting (SIT), 3 h of sitting interrupted every 30 min by 3 min of frequent short bouts of physical activity (FPA) and 2.5 h of sitting followed by 25 min of moderate-intensity exercise (EXE). Transcranial magnetic stimulation was applied over the primary motor cortex (M1) of the dominant abductor pollicis brevis to induce recruitment curves before and 5 min and 30 min post-PAS. Linear mixed models were used to compare changes in CSE using time and condition as fixed effects and subjects as random effects. There was a main effect of time on CSE and planned within-condition comparisons showed that CSE was significantly increased from baseline to 5 min and 30 min post-PAS, in the FPA condition, with no significant changes in the SIT or EXE conditions. SICI decreased from baseline to 5 min post-PAS, but this was not related to changes in CSE. Our findings suggest that in middle-aged inactive adults, FPAs may promote corticospinal neuroplasticity. Possible mechanisms are discussed.

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Effects of Acute Exercise on Memory Performance in Middle-Aged and Older Adults

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity ◽

10.1123/japa.2020-0208 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Jennifer L. Etnier ◽

Jarod C. Vance ◽

Aiko Ueno

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Acute Exercise ◽

Memory Performance ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Long Term Memory ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽

Auditory Learning ◽

Verbal Test ◽

Within Subjects

Numerous studies show that exercise benefits memory and some show that acute exercise prior to encoding has larger benefits than exercise after encoding. This study was designed to investigate the effects of acute exercise on memory in middle-aged and older adults (Mage = 64.71 years) and to explore the influence of the timing of the exercise on these effects. Using a within-subjects design, moderate-intensity exercise (20 min) was either not performed (control), performed before the task (exercise prior), or performed after the task (exercise post). Memory was assessed using the Rey Auditory Learning Verbal Test. For short- and long-term memory and learning, significantly more words were remembered in the exercise-prior condition than the others. For 24-hr recall, participants remembered significantly more words in the exercise-prior condition than exercise post, which was better than control. Exercise benefits memory for healthy middle-aged and older adults, with the greatest benefits when performed prior to encoding.

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Total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol changes during acute, moderate-intensity exercise in men and women

Metabolism ◽

10.1016/0026-0495(83)90188-9 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 244-249 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Doris L.F. Lennon ◽

Frederick W. Stratman ◽

Earl Shrago ◽

Faancis J. Nagle ◽

Peter G. Hanson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Total Cholesterol ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽

Men And Women

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The effect of an incremental increase in exercise on appetite, eating behaviour and energy balance in lean men and women feedingad libitum

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114508968240 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 100 (5) ◽

pp. 1109-1115 ◽

Cited By ~ 99

Author(s):

Stephen Whybrow ◽

Darren A. Hughes ◽

Patrick Ritz ◽

Alexandra M. Johnstone ◽

Graham W. Horgan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Eating Behaviour ◽

Energy Deficit ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Constant Composition ◽

Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽

Doubly Labelled Water ◽

Men And Women ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Exercise Induced ◽

Incremental Increase

The effects of incremental exercise on appetite, energy intake (EI), expenditure (EE) and balance (EB) in lean men and women were examined. Six men (age 29·7 (sd5·9) years, weight 75·2 (sd15·3) kg, height 1·75 (sd0·11) m) and six women (age 24·7 (sd5·9) years, weight 66·7 (sd9·10) kg, height 1·70 (sd0·09) m) were each studied three times during a 16 d protocol, corresponding to no additional exercise (Nex), moderate-intensity exercise (Mex; 1·5–2·0 MJ/d) and high-intensity exercise (Hex; 3·0–4·0 MJ/d) regimens. Subjects were fed to EB during days 1–2, and during days 3–16 they fedad libitumfrom a medium-fat diet of constant composition. Daily EE, assessed using the doubly labelled water method, was 9·2, 11·6 and 13·7 MJ/d (P < 0·001;sed0·45) for the women and 12·2, 14·0 and 16·7 MJ/d (P = 0·007;sed1·11) for the men on the Nex, Mex and Hex treatments, respectively. EI was 8·3, 8·6 and 9·9 MJ/d (P = 0·118;sed0·72) for the women and 10·6, 11·6 and 12·0 MJ/d (P = 0·031;sed0·47) for the men, respectively. On average, subjects compensated for about 30 % of the exercise-induced energy deficit. However, the degree of compensation varied considerably among individuals. The present study captured the initial compensation in EI for exercise-induced energy deficits. Total compensation would take a matter of weeks.

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The Effects of Low Intensity and Moderate Intensity Exercise Programs on Blood Pressure, Body Composition, and Serum Lipids in Middle-aged and Older Female Hypertensives

Journal of Sport and Leisure Studies ◽

10.51979/kssls.2002.11.18.1357 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 18 ◽

pp. 1357-1367

Author(s):

Kyung Tae Jang ◽

Min Jeong Kim ◽

Sun Young Kim

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Composition ◽

Serum Lipids ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Exercise Programs ◽

Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽

Low Intensity

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Eicosanoid Production following One Bout of Exercise in Middle-Aged African American Pre- and Stage 1 Hypertensives

Journal of Aging Research ◽

10.4061/2011/302802 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Sheara Williamson ◽

Deepti Varma ◽

Michael Brown ◽

Susan Jansen

Keyword(s):

African American ◽

Aerobic Capacity ◽

High Performance ◽

Urinary Metabolites ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽

Exercise Induced ◽

The Relationship ◽

Eicosanoid Formation

Endothelial dysfunction and a sedentary lifestyle may be involved in the development of hypertension which is proliferative among middle-aged African Americans (AA). Signaling molecules derived from the oxidation of 20-carbon fatty acid molecules known as eicosanoids influence vascular tone. The relationship between aerobic fitness and eicosanoid formation following exercise in middle-aged African American hypertensives is unknown.Purpose. To determine the relationship between aerobic capacity and eicosanoid formation after a bout of moderate-intensity exercise in middle-aged AA hypertensives.Methods. Ten sedentary hypertensive AA underwent 50 min of aerobic exercise at 65% VO2max. Urine was collected for 24 hr on two occasions, prior to testing and immediately following the bout of exercise. Urinary metabolites of prostacyclin (6-keto PGF1α) and thromboxane (11-dTXB2) were measured during the day and night periods by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Results. 6-keto PGF1αlevels significantly increased () following the bout of exercise compared to the control day. There was a significant relationship (, ) between 6-keto PGF1αlevels and VO2max during the exercise day.Conclusion. Based on this preliminary study, there appears to be a relationship between aerobic capacity and exercise-induced 6-keto PGF1αproduction in middle-aged hypertensive AAs. AAs with lower VO2max had lower 6-keto PGF1αformation.

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