Biological and Molecular Characteristics of an HEV Isolate Associated with Recent Acute Outbreaks of Encephalomyelitis in Quebec Pig Farms

AbstractThe emergence and dissemination of colistin resistance in Enterobacteriaceae mediated by plasmid-borne mcr genes in recent years now pose a threat to public health. In this study, we isolated and characterized colistin-resistant and/or mcr-positive E. coli from pig farms in Central China. Between 2018 and 2019, 594 samples were collected and recovered 445 E. coli isolates. Among them, 33 with colistin resistance phenotypes and 37 that were positive for mcr genes were identified, including 34 positive for mcr-1, one positive for mcr-3, and two positive for both mcr-1 and mcr-3. An insertion of nine bases (“CTGGATACG”) into mcr-1 in four mcr-positive isolates led to gene dysfunction, and therefore did not confer the colistin resistance phenotype. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that 37 mcr-positive isolates showed severe drug resistance profiles, as 50% of them were resistant to 20 types of antibiotics. Multilocus sequence typing revealed a heterogeneous group of sequence types in mcr-positive isolates, among which ST10 (5/37), ST156 (5/37), and ST617 (4/37) were the predominant types. Plasmid conjugation assays showed that mcr-carrying plasmids of 25 mcr-positive isolates were conjugated with E. coli recipient, with conjugation frequencies ranging from 1.7 × 10-6 to 4.1 × 10-3 per recipient. Conjugation of these mcr genes conferred a colistin resistance phenotype upon the recipient bacterium. PCR typing of plasmids harbored in the 25 transconjugants determined six types of plasmid replicons, including IncX4 (14/25), FrepB (4/25), IncI2 (3/25), IncHI2 (2/25), FIB (1/25), and IncI1 (1/25). This study contributes to the current understanding of antibiotic resistance and molecular characteristics of colistin-resistant E. coli in pig farms.

Download Full-text

Characterisation of newly emerged isolates of classical swine fever virus in China, 2014–2015

Journal of Veterinary Research ◽

10.1515/jvetres-2017-0001 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Chaoliang Leng ◽

Hongliang Zhang ◽

Yunchao Kan ◽

Lunguang Yao ◽

Mingliang Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Phylogenetic Relationship ◽

Classical Swine Fever Virus ◽

Large Scale ◽

Classical Swine Fever ◽

Fever Virus ◽

Molecular Characteristics ◽

Pig Farms

Abstract Introduction: In 2014–2015, the epidemic of classical swine fever (CSF) occurred in many large-scale pig farms in different provinces of China, and a subgenotype 2.1d of CSF virus (CSFV) was newly identified. Material and Methods: The phylogenetic relationship, genetic diversity, and epidemic status of the 2014–2015 CSFV isolates, 18 new CSFV isolates collected in 2015, and 43 other strains isolated in 2014–2015 were fully analysed, together with 163 CSFV reference isolates. Results: Fifty-two 2014–2015 isolates belonged to subgenotype 2.1d and nine other isolates belonged to subgenotype 2.1b. The two subgenotype isolates showed unique molecular characteristics. Furthermore, the 2.1d isolates were found to possibly diverge from 2.1b isolates. Conclusion: This study suggests that the Chinese CSFVs will remain pandemic.

Download Full-text

Molecular detection and genetic diversity of porcine circovirus type 3 in commercial pig farms in Xinjiang province, China

Journal of Veterinary Research ◽

10.2478/jvetres-2019-0071 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 63 (4) ◽

pp. 481-488

Author(s):

Qiao Mengfan ◽

Wang Xifeng ◽

Zhang Guowu ◽

Meng Qingling ◽

Qiao Jun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Porcine Circovirus Type ◽

Porcine Circovirus ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Molecular Characteristics ◽

Pig Farms ◽

Commercial Farms ◽

Type 3 ◽

And Control

AbstractIntroductionPorcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) is a newly discovered porcine circovirus. The molecular characteristics and genetic evolution of PCV3 in Xinjiang province, China still being unclear, the aim of the study was their elucidation.Material and MethodsA total of 393 clinical samples were collected from pigs on commercial farms in nine different regions of Xinjiang and phylogenetic analysis based on full-length Cap genes was performed.ResultsThe prevalence at farm level was 100%, while in all the tested samples it was 22.39%. Nine PCV3 strains were detected in Xinjiang province and they shared 98.9–99.3% nucleotide and 97.5–100.0% Cap gene amino acid sequence identities with other epidemic strains from China and abroad. Compared with other epidemic strains of PCV3, there were 26 base mutation sites in the Cap gene in the nine Xinjiang strains, resulting in the mutation of amino acids at positions 20, 24, 75, 77, 108, 111 and 206. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these strains can be divided into two different genetic groups, to the first of which five strains affiliated and divided between subgroups 1.1 and 1.2, and to the second of which the other four strains affiliated and similarly divided between subgroups 2.1 and 2.2.ConclusionPCV3 circulates widely among commercial pig farms in Xinjiang province, China, and displays obvious genetic diversity. The results provide epidemiological information useful for the prevention and control of PCV3 infection in the pig industry.

Download Full-text

Electron microscopy of crystalline structure in thermotropic random copolymers

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100089585 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

pp. 1054-1055

Author(s):

Afzana Anwer ◽

S. Eilidh Bedford ◽

Richard J. Spontak ◽

Alan H. Windle

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Crystalline Structure ◽

Liquid Crystalline ◽

Elevated Temperatures ◽

Random Copolymers ◽

Molecular Characteristics ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

X Ray ◽

Identical Monomer ◽

Periodic Layer

Random copolyesters composed of wholly aromatic monomers such as p-oxybenzoate (B) and 2,6-oxynaphthoate (N) are known to exhibit liquid crystalline characteristics at elevated temperatures and over a broad composition range. Previous studies employing techniques such as X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) have conclusively proven that these thermotropic copolymers can possess a significant crystalline fraction, depending on molecular characteristics and processing history, despite the fact that the copolymer chains possess random intramolecular sequencing. Consequently, the nature of the crystalline structure that develops when these materials are processed in their mesophases and subsequently annealed has recently received considerable attention. A model that has been consistent with all experimental observations involves the Non-Periodic Layer (NPL) crystallite, which occurs when identical monomer sequences enter into register between adjacent chains. The objective of this work is to employ electron microscopy to identify and characterize these crystallites.

Download Full-text

Effects of gamma ray on some molecular characteristics of in vitro regenerated Gerbera jamesonii Bolus

Bangladesh Journal of Botany ◽

10.3329/bjb.v39i2.7490 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 207-214

Author(s):

Nazma Akter ◽

RH Sarker ◽

MI Hoque

Keyword(s):

Gamma Ray ◽

Molecular Characteristics ◽

Gerbera Jamesonii

DOI: 10.3329/bjb.v39i2.7490Bangladesh J. Bot. 39(2): 207-214, 2010 (December)

Download Full-text

PROBLEMS CAUSED BY SMALL PIG FARM ODOR AROUND THE WESTERN SONGKHLA LAKE BASIN

University Of Bengkulu Law Journal ◽

10.33369/ubelaj.v2i1.8008 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Papontee Teeraphan

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Lake Basin ◽

Urgent Problem ◽

The Public ◽

Pig Farms ◽

Pig Farm ◽

The Government ◽

The Moment ◽

Source Of Information ◽

Proper Solutions

Pollution is currently a significant issue arising awareness throughout the world. In Thailand, pollution can often be seen in any part of the country. Air pollution is pointed as an urgent problem. This pollution has not damaged only to human health and lives, it has destroyed environment, and possibly leading to violence. In Phattalung, air pollution is affecting to the residents’ lives. Especially, when the residents who are mostly agriculturists have not managed the waste resulted from the farm. In Phattalung, at the moment, there are many pig farms, big and small. Some of them are only for consuming for a family, some, however, are being consumed for the business which pigs will be later purchased by big business companies. Therefore, concerning pollution, the researcher and the fund giver were keen to focus on the points of the air pollution of the small pig farms. This is because it has been said that those farms have not been aware on the pollution issue caused by the farms. Farm odor is very interesting which can probably lead to following problems. The researcher also hopes that this research can be used as a source of information by the government offices in order to be made even as a policy or a proper legal measurement. As the results, the study shows that, first, more than half of the samples had smelled the farm odor located nearby their communities, though it had not caused many offenses. Second, the majority had decided not to act or response in order to solve the odor problem, but some of them had informed the officers. The proper solutions in reducing offenses caused by pig farm odor were negotiation and mediation. Last, the majority does not perceive about the process under the Public Health Act B.E. 2535.

Download Full-text

MICROCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF HUMAN TIBIAL GROWTH CARTILAGE IN VARIOUS FORMS OF DWARFISM

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0690659 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 69 (4) ◽

pp. 659-688 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

V. Stanescu ◽

R. Stanescu ◽

J. A. Szirmai

Keyword(s):

Growth Plate ◽

Chondroitin Sulphate ◽

Epiphyseal Plate ◽

Molecular Characteristics ◽

Growth Disorders ◽

Normal Children ◽

Collagen Concentration ◽

Vitamin D Resistant Rickets ◽

Pooled Samples ◽

Tibial Epiphyseal

ABSTRACT Microchemical determinations of glycosaminoglycans and collagen were preformed in isolated histological zones from sections of tibial epiphyseal plate biopsies obtained from children with growth disorders (pituitary dwarfism, congenital myxoedema, Turner's syndrome, Noonan's syndrome, mucopolysaccharidosis type VI, vitamin D resistant rickets and achondroplasia). Alternate sections were used for histochemical localization of glycosaminoglycans and proteins. The values were compared with those found in comparable zones of the growth plate from normal children of the same age. The chondroitin sulphate concentration (% of defatted dry wt.) in the normal epiphyseal plate increased from the resting zone towards the proliferating/hypertrophic zone; collagen exhibited a reverse trend. In some of the pathological biopsies the concentration of chondroitin sulphate was slightly decreased whereas that of collagen was slightly increased. A marked increase in the collagen concentration was found in achondroplasia. The solubility profiles of the cetylpyridinium complexes of the chondroitin sulphate fraction showed three main peaks with slight but characteristic differences in the various zones of the normal cartilage plate. Significant shifts in the proportion of these peaks were observed in several pathological biopsies, indicating possible deviations from the normal molecular characteristics of the chondroitin sulphate. Analysis of the main chondroitin sulphate fraction, obtained from pooled samples of normal tibial growth plate after fractionation on the macroscale, indicated that all three peaks contained both chondroitin-4 sulphate and chondroitin-6 sulphate and that they probably differed in their molecular weight.

Download Full-text

Comparative Study of Highly Pathogenic Avian Infl uenza Strains Isolated in Ukraine in 2005 and 2008

Agricultural science and practice ◽

10.15407/agrisp1.01.068 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 68-71

Author(s):

A. Gerilovych ◽

B. Stegniy ◽

A. Stegniy ◽

M. Stegniy ◽

K. Smietanka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Western Europe ◽

Rna Extraction ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Molecular Characteristics ◽

Eastern European ◽

Highly Pathogenic ◽

Genetic Lineages ◽

Phylogenetic Studies ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Pathogenic H5n1

Objective. To research the molecular characteristics of two HPAI strains – A/Ch/Syvash/02/05/H5N1 and A/Ch/Krasnogvardeysk/58/08/H5N1, which were identifi ed as representatives of the highly pathogenic H5N1 viruses. Methods. RNA extraction, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results. The phylogenetic studies revealed that the above mentioned strains belong to two various genetic lineages originated from the Eastern European strains isolated in 2005, but differ from the viruses introduced to the Central and Western Europe in 2005/2006, and also the lineages consisting of H5N1 viruses isolated in the Europe and Middle East in late 2007. Conclusions. Relying on experimental studies, it can be concluded that the strains of A/Ch/Syvash/02/05/H5N1 and A/Ch/Krasnogvardeysk/58/08/H5N1 are highly pathogenic.

Download Full-text